scholarly journals Examining early structural and functional brain alterations in postpartum depression through multimodal neuroimaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Schnakenberg ◽  
Lisa Hahn ◽  
Susanne Stickel ◽  
Elmar Stickeler ◽  
Ute Habel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Baby Blues ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
And Control

AbstractPostpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 1 in 10 women after childbirth. A thorough understanding of a preexisting vulnerability to PPD will likely aid the early detection and treatment of PPD. Using a within-sample association, the study examined whether the brain’s structural and functional alterations predict the onset of depression. 157 euthymic postpartum women were subjected to a multimodal MRI scan within the first 6 days of childbirth and were followed up for 12 weeks. Based on a clinical interview 12 weeks postpartum, participants were classified as mentally healthy or having either PPD or adjustment disorder (AD). Voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity comparisons were performed between the three groups. 13.4% of women in our study developed PPD (n = 21) and 12.1% (n = 19) adjustment disorder (AD). The risk factors for PPD were a psychiatric history and the experience and severity of baby blues and the history of premenstrual syndrome. Despite the different risk profiles, no differences between the PPD, AD and control group were apparent based on structural and functional neuroimaging data immediately after childbirth. At 12 weeks postpartum, a significant association was observed between Integrated Local Correlation (LCor) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS). Our findings do not support the notion that the brain’s structural and resting-state functional alterations, if present, can be used as an early biomarker of PPD or AD. However, effects may become apparent if continuous measures of symptom severity are chosen.

Examining early structural and functional brain alterations in postpartum depression through multimodal neuroimaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Schnakenberg ◽  
Lisa Hahn ◽  
Susanne Stickel ◽  
Elmar Stickeler ◽  
Ute Habel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Baby Blues ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
And Control

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 1 in 10 women after childbirth. A thorough understanding of a preexisting vulnerability for PPD will likely aid the early detection and treatment of PPD and help minimize its debilitating effects.Methods: Using a within-sample association, the study aimed to determine whether the brain’s structural and functional alterations predict the onset of depression. To that end, 157 euthymic postpartum women were subjected to a multimodal MRI scan within the first 6 days of childbirth, and were subsequently followed up for 12 weeks. Based on a clinical interview 12 weeks postpartum, participants were classified as mentally healthy or having either PPD or adjustment disorder (AD). Voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity comparisons were performed between the three groups. Results: 13.4% of women in our study developed PPD (n=21) and 12.1% (n=19) adjustment disorder (AD). The risk factors for PPD were a psychiatric history and the experience and severity of baby blues and the history of premenstrual syndrome. Despite the different risk profiles, no differences between the PPD, AD and control group were apparent based on the structural and functional neuroimaging data. At 12 weeks postpartum, a significant association was observed between Integrated Local Correlation (LCor) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS). Conclusion: Our findings do not support the notion that the brain’s structural and resting-state functional alterations, if present, can be used as an early biomarker of PPD or AD. However, effects may become apparent if continuous measures of symptom severity are chosen.

Non Emergency Calls-Depression Coupling in Call Handlers of Rescue 1122 Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Spring 2019) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Syed Kamal Abid ◽  
Mujahid Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Raza ◽  
Rizwan-ul Haq ◽  
Rizwan Naseer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Emergency Calls ◽  
And Control ◽  
Evening Shift

The study was conducted to know whether bulk inflow of Non Emergency Calls (NECs) acts as an independent predictor for depression in call handlers of Rescue 1122, Punjab, Pakistan. Forty five (45) call handlers were recruited from evening shift of 9 districts. Similarly, same-sized control group was made out of field rescuers. The groups were compared for rate and severity level of depression using Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). Probable predictors (except workplace stress) for depression in call handlers were evaluated through risk estimates. For workplace stress, a purposefully developed close- ended Workplace Stress Questionnaire including two subscales i.e. Non Emergency call and Control Room Environment of 30 items each was administrated. Twenty nine (64.4%) subjects of study group reported depression on BDI. Consequently, the same group had significantly higher mean depression score than control (18.2 vs. 12.6; p = .00). The scores also showed insignificant association with any of the probable predictors (demographic variables) of the call attendees. The respondents perceived more occupational stress against NECs. The findings attract the attention of authorities towards the severity of the concern.

scholarly journals GABAergic neuroactive steroids and resting-state functional connectivity in postpartum depression: A preliminary study

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Deligiannidis ◽  
Elif M. Sikoglu ◽  
Scott A. Shaffer ◽  
Blaise Frederick ◽  
Abby E. Svenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Motor Sequences - Separating The Sequence From The Motor. A longitudinal rsfMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATP Jäger ◽  
JM Huntenburg ◽  
SA Tremblay ◽  
U Schneider ◽  
S Grahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
Slow Learning

AbstractIn motor learning, sequence-specificity, i.e. the learning of specific sequential associations, has predominantly been studied using task-based fMRI paradigms. However, offline changes in resting state functional connectivity after sequence-specific motor learning are less well understood. Previous research has established that plastic changes following motor learning can be divided into stages including fast learning, slow learning and retention. A description of how resting state functional connectivity after sequence-specific motor sequence learning (MSL) develops across these stages is missing. This study aimed to identify plastic alterations in whole-brain functional connectivity after learning a complex motor sequence by contrasting an active group who learned a complex sequence with a control group who performed a control task matched for motor execution. Resting state fMRI and behavioural performance were collected in both groups over the course of 5 consecutive training days and at follow-up after 12 days to encompass fast learning, slow learning, overall learning and retention. Between-group interaction analyses showed sequence-specific increases in functional connectivity during fast learning in the sensorimotor territory of the internal segment of right globus pallidus (GPi), and sequence-specific decreases in right supplementary motor area (SMA) in overall learning. We found that connectivity changes in key regions of the motor network including the superior parietal cortex (SPC) and primary motor cortex (M1) were not a result of sequence-specific learning but were instead linked to motor execution. Our study confirms the sequence-specific role of SMA and GPi that has previously been identified in online task-based learning studies in humans and primates, and extends it to resting state network changes after sequence-specific MSL. Finally, our results shed light on a timing-specific plasticity mechanism between GPi and SMA following MSL.

The effect of lavandula angustifolia in the treatment of depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 624-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Parvin ◽  
S. Farzaneh ◽  
M. Nikfarjam ◽  
N. Shahinfard ◽  
N. Asarzadegan
Keyword(s):  
Depression Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
And Control

Background and aimMedical plants have been used for centuries as a medicinal agent in treatment of depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the lavendula officinalis on depression in patients using citalopram.MethodsThis clinical trial study was performed in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, Iran. In this study eighty patients randomly allocated into two groups (40 patients in each group). Patients who complained from depression were studied during a two-month double-blind study. In control group, patients were given 20 mg citalopram twice daily plus placebo and case group were treated with 5 g arial part of dried Lavendula officinalis and citaloperam (20 mg, twice per day). After 4 and 8 weeks, patients were followed for evaluations of their depression and complications. Depression severity was scored using standard Hamilton’s depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi square and Paired-t test.ResultsAfter 1 month treatment, mean depression score in case and control groups were 15.2 ± 3.6 and 17.5 ± 3.5, respectively (P < 0.05). After 2 months the mean score of depression in case and control groups was 14.8 ± 4 and 16.8 ± 4.6, respectively (P < 0.01). The most common side effects in two groups were confusion and dry mouth, which were not significantly different between two groups.ConclusionLavendula officinalis has a positive effect on depressed patients and may be useful to decrease the severity of depression in patients using other antidepressants.

scholarly journals Feeding the machine: Challenges to reproducible predictive modeling in resting-state connectomics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Andrew Cwiek ◽  
Sarah M. Rajtmajer ◽  
Bradley Wyble ◽  
Vasant Honavar ◽  
Emily Grossner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Key Steps

Abstract In this critical review, we examine the application of predictive models, e.g. classifiers, trained using Machine Learning (ML) to assist in interpretation of functional neuroimaging data. Our primary goal is to summarize how ML is being applied and critically assess common practices. Our review covers 250 studies published using ML and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to infer various dimensions of the human functional connectome. Results for hold-out (“lockbox”) performance was, on average, ~13% less accurate than performance measured through cross-validation alone, highlighting the importance of lockbox data which was included in only 16% of the studies. There was also a concerning lack of transparency across the key steps in training and evaluating predictive models. The summary of this literature underscores the importance of the use of a lockbox and highlights several methodological pitfalls that can be addressed by the imaging community. We argue that, ideally, studies are motivated both by the reproducibility and generalizability of findings as well as the potential clinical significance of the insights. We offer recommendations for principled integration of machine learning into the clinical neurosciences with the goal of advancing imaging biomarkers of brain disorders, understanding causative determinants for health risks, and parsing heterogeneous patient outcomes.

A Study of Depression and Obsessionality in Dysmorphophobic and Psoriatic Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Hardy ◽  
J. A. Cotterill
Keyword(s):  
Depression Score ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
And Control ◽  
State Depression ◽  
Made In

SummaryMeasures of depression and obsessionality were made in patients with dysmorphophobia, psoriasis and control subjects. The depression score distinguished all three groups. Patients with dysmorphophobia had significantly higher scores compared to the patients with psoriasis, who in turn had significantly higher scores compared to a control group. Patients with dysmorphophobia and psoriasis had equally elevated obsessional symptom scores compared to controls. It is unlikely, therefore, that dysmorphophobic symptoms are due to an obsessional state. Depression, however, was found to be an important clinical feature of dysmorphophobia.

scholarly journals Meditation-State Functional Connectivity (msFC): Strengthening of the Dorsal Attention Network and Beyond

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Froeliger ◽  
Eric L. Garland ◽  
Rachel V. Kozink ◽  
Leslie A. Modlin ◽  
Nan-Kuei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Meditation Experience

Meditation practice alters intrinsic resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the default mode network (DMN). However, little is known regarding the effects of meditation on other resting-state networks. The aim of current study was to investigate the effects of meditation experience and meditation-state functional connectivity (msFC) on multiple resting-state networks (RSNs). Meditation practitioners (MPs) performed two 5-minute scans, one during rest, one while meditating. A meditation naïve control group (CG) underwent one resting-state scan. Exploratory regression analyses of the relations between years of meditation practice and rsFC and msFC were conducted. During resting-state, MP as compared to CG exhibited greater rsFC within the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN). Among MP, meditation, as compared to rest, strengthened FC between the DAN and DMN and Salience network whereas it decreased FC between the DAN, dorsal medial PFC, and insula. Regression analyses revealed positive correlations between the number of years of meditation experience and msFC between DAN, thalamus, and anterior parietal sulcus, whereas negative correlations between DAN, lateral and superior parietal, and insula. These findings suggest that the practice of meditation strengthens FC within the DAN as well as strengthens the coupling between distributed networks that are involved in attention, self-referential processes, and affective response.

scholarly journals The link between resting-state functional connectivity and cognition in MS patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro J Cruz-Gómez ◽  
Noelia Ventura-Campos ◽  
Antonio Belenguer ◽  
Cesar Ávila ◽  
Cristina Forn
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Brain Parenchymal Fraction ◽  
Brain Parenchymal

Objective: The objective of this paper is to explore differences in resting-state functional connectivity between cognitively impaired and preserved multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: Sixty MS patients and 18 controls were assessed with the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N). A global Z score of the BRB-N was obtained and allowed us to classify MS patients as cognitively impaired and cognitively preserved ( n = 30 per group). Functional connectivity was assessed by independent component analysis of resting-state networks (RSNs) related to cognition: the default mode network, left and right frontoparietal and salience network. Between-group differences were evaluated and a regression analysis was performed to describe relationships among cognitive status, functional connectivity and radiological variables. Results: Compared to cognitively preserved patients and healthy controls, cognitively impaired patients showed a lesser degree of functional connectivity in all RSNs explored. Cognitively preserved patients presented less connectivity than the control group in the left frontoparietal network. Global Z scores were positively and negatively correlated with brain parenchymal fraction and lesion volume, respectively. Conclusion: Decreased cognitive performance is accompanied by reduced resting state functional connectivity and directly related to brain damage. These results support the use of connectivity as a powerful tool to monitor and predict cognitive impairment in MS patients.

scholarly journals The effect of ketamine on preventing postpartum depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Mina Alipoor ◽  
◽  
Marzeyeh Loripoor ◽  
Majid Kazemi ◽  
Farshid Farahbakhsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind

Postpartum depression is a common disabling psychosocial disorder that could have adverse effects on the life of the mother, infant, and family. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ketamine on preventing postpartum depression in women undergoing caesarian sections considering the relatively known positive effect of ketamine on major depression. The present double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 134 women undergoing scheduled caesarian sections. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups of control and intervention. To induce anesthesia, 1–2 mg/kg of body weight of Nesdonal and 0.5 mg/kg of body weight of ketamine were used in the intervention group, while only 3–5 mg/kg of body weight Nesdonal was administered in the control group. Data were gathered using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in three stages: before the caesarian section and two and four weeks after the caesarian section. Data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures and the Chi-square test. Results of the present study showed that the mean (± standard deviation) of the depression score in the intervention and control groups were 13.78±3.87 and 13.79±4.78(p = 0.98) before the caesarian section, 11.82±3.41 and 14.34±4.29 (p < 0.001) two weeks after and 10.84±3.48 and 13.09±3.79 (p = 0.001) four weeks after the caesarian section, respectively. Using ketamine in the induction of general anesthesia could be effective in preventing postpartum depression. However, further studies are required to strengthen these findings.

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