scholarly journals Tropical cyclones cumulatively control regional carbon fluxes in Everglades mangrove wetlands (Florida, USA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zhao ◽  
Victor H. Rivera-Monroy ◽  
Luis M. Farfán ◽  
Henry Briceño ◽  
Edward Castañeda-Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractMangroves are the most blue-carbon rich coastal wetlands contributing to the reduction of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis (sequestration) and high soil organic carbon (C) storage. Globally, mangroves are increasingly impacted by human and natural disturbances under climate warming, including pervasive pulsing tropical cyclones. However, there is limited information assessing cyclone’s functional role in regulating wetlands carbon cycling from annual to decadal scales. Here we show how cyclones with a wide range of integrated kinetic energy (IKE) impact C fluxes in the Everglades, a neotropical region with high cyclone landing frequency. Using long-term mangrove Net Primary Productivity (Litterfall, NPPL) data (2001–2018), we estimated cyclone-induced litterfall particulate organic C (litter-POC) export from mangroves to estuarine waters. Our analysis revealed that this lateral litter-POC flux (71–205 g C m−2 year−1)—currently unaccounted in global C budgets—is similar to C burial rates (69–157 g C m−2 year−1) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, 61–229 g C m−2 year−1) export. We proposed a statistical model (PULITER) between IKE-based pulse index and NPPL to determine cyclone’s impact on mangrove role as C sink or source. Including the cyclone’s functional role in regulating mangrove C fluxes is critical to developing local and regional climate change mitigation plans.

scholarly journals Incorrect Asian aerosols affecting the attribution and projection of regional climate change in CMIP6 models

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhili Wang ◽  
Lei Lin ◽  
Yangyang Xu ◽  
Huizheng Che ◽  
Xiaoye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAnthropogenic aerosol (AA) forcing has been shown as a critical driver of climate change over Asia since the mid-20th century. Here we show that almost all Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models fail to capture the observed dipole pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) trends over Asia during 2006–2014, last decade of CMIP6 historical simulation, due to an opposite trend over eastern China compared with observations. The incorrect AOD trend over China is attributed to problematic AA emissions adopted by CMIP6. There are obvious differences in simulated regional aerosol radiative forcing and temperature responses over Asia when using two different emissions inventories (one adopted by CMIP6; the other from Peking university, a more trustworthy inventory) to driving a global aerosol-climate model separately. We further show that some widely adopted CMIP6 pathways (after 2015) also significantly underestimate the more recent decline in AA emissions over China. These flaws may bring about errors to the CMIP6-based regional climate attribution over Asia for the last two decades and projection for the next few decades, previously anticipated to inform a wide range of impact analysis.

Incorrect Asian aerosols affecting the attribution and projection of regional climate change in CMIP6 models 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lin ◽  
Zhili Wang ◽  
Yangyang Xu ◽  
Huizheng Che ◽  
Xiaoye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Wide Range

<p><span>Anthropogenic aerosol (AA) forcing has been shown as a critical driver of climate change over Asia since the mid-20th century. Here we show that almost all Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models fail to capture the observed dipole pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) trends over Asia during 2006–2014, last decade of CMIP6 historical simulation, due to an opposite trend over eastern China compared with observations. The incorrect AOD trend over China is attributed to problematic AA emissions adopted by CMIP6. There are obvious differences in simulated regional aerosol radiative forcing and temperature responses over Asia when using two different emissions inventories (one adopted by CMIP6; the other from Peking university, a more trustworthy inventory) to driving a global aerosol-climate model separately. We further show that some widely adopted CMIP6 pathways (after 2015) also significantly underestimate the more recent decline in AA emissions over China. These flaws may bring about errors to the CMIP6-based regional climate attribution over Asia for the last two decades and projection for the next few decades, previously anticipated to inform a wide range of impact analysis.</span></p>

scholarly journals Low methane concentrations in sediment along the continental slope north of Siberia: Inference from pore water geochemistry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint M. Miller ◽  
Gerald R. Dickens ◽  
Martin Jakobsson ◽  
Carina Johansson ◽  
Andrey Koshurnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Slope ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lomonosov Ridge ◽  
Water Geochemistry ◽  
Geochemical Environment ◽  
Diffusive Fluxes

Abstract. The Eastern Siberian Margin (ESM), a vast region of the Arctic, potentially holds large amounts of methane in sediments as gas hydrate and free gas. Although this CH4 has become a topic of discussion, primarily because of rapid regional climate change, the ESM remains sparingly explored. Here we present pore water chemistry results from 32 cores taken during Leg 2 of the 2014 SWERUS-C3 expedition. The cores come from depth transects across the continental slope of the ESM between Wrangel Island and the New Siberian Islands. Upward CH4 flux towards the seafloor, as inferred from profiles of dissolved sulfate (SO42−), alkalinity, and the δ13C-dissolved inorganic Carbon (DIC), is negligible at all stations east of where the Lomonosov Ridge abuts the ESM at about 143° E. In the upper eight meters of these cores, downward sulfate flux never exceeds 9.2 mol/m2-kyr, the upward alkalinity flux never exceeds 6.8 mol/m2-kyr, and δ13C-DIC only slowly decreases with depth (−3.6 ‰/m on average). Additionally, dissolved H2S was not detected in these cores, and nutrient and metal profiles reveal that metal oxide reduction by organic carbon dominates the geochemical environment. A single core on Lomonosov Ridge differs, as diffusive fluxes for SO42− and alkalinity were 13.9 and 11.3 mol/m2-kyr, respectively, the δ13C-DIC gradient was 5.6 ‰/m, and Mn2+ reduction terminated within 1.3 m of the seafloor. These are among the first pore water results generated from this vast climatically sensitive region, and they imply that significant quantities of CH4, including gas hydrates, do not exist in any of our investigated depth transects spread out along much of the ESM continental slope. This contradicts previous assumptions and hypothetical models and discussion, which generally have assumed the presence of substantial CH4.

scholarly journals The CORDEX-CORE EXP-I initiative: Description and highlight results from the initial analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Filippo Giorgi ◽  
Erika Coppola ◽  
Daniela Jacob ◽  
Claas Teichmann ◽  
Sabina Abba Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractWe describe the first effort within the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment - Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluation, or CORDEX-CORE EXP-I. It consists of a set of 21st century projections with two regional climate models (RCMs) downscaling three global climate model (GCM) simulations from the CMIP5 program, for two greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP2.6), over 9 CORDEX domains at ~25 km grid spacing. Illustrative examples from the initial analysis of this ensemble are presented, covering a wide range of topics, such as added value of RCM nesting, extreme indices, tropical and extratropical storms, monsoons, ENSO, severe storm environments, emergence of change signals, energy production. They show that the CORDEX-CORE EXP-I ensemble can provide downscaled information of unprecedented comprehensiveness to increase understanding of processes relevant for regional climate change and impacts, and to assess the added value of RCMs. The CORDEX-CORE EXP-I dataset, which will be incrementally augmented with new simulations, is intended to be a public resource available to the scientific and end-user communities for application to process studies, impacts on different socioeconomic sectors and climate service activities. The future of the CORDEX-CORE initiative is also discussed.

scholarly journals Tropical cyclones in a regional climate change projection with RegCM4 over the CORDEX Central America domain

2014 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Diro ◽  
F. Giorgi ◽  
R. Fuentes-Franco ◽  
K. J. E. Walsh ◽  
G. Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central America ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Projection

Nutrient Cycling and Energy Flow in Grasslands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Wilsey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flow ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
Belowground Productivity ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Net primary productivity (NPP) is the amount of C or biomass that accumulates over time and is photosynthesis—autotroph respiration. Annual NPP is estimated by summing positive biomass increments across time periods during the growing season, including offtake to herbivores, which can be high in grasslands. Remote sensing techniques that are used to assess NPP are discussed by the author. Belowground productivity can be high in grasslands, and it is important to carbon storage. Across grasslands on a geographic scale, NPP, N mineralization, and soil organic C all increase with annual precipitation. Within regions, NPP can be strongly affected by the proportion of C4 plant species and animal species composition and diversity. Humans are adding more N to the environment than all the natural forms of addition (fixation and lightning) combined. Animals, especially herbivores, can have strong effects on how plants respond to changes in changes in resource availability.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of vector-borne diseases in two groups of domestic dogs from Lisbon, Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mafalda Dordio ◽  
Relja Beck ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
Isabel Pereira da Fonseca ◽  
Jacinto Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods. They have been an issue of growing importance in recent years; however, there is limited information about the vector-borne pathogens circulating in Portugal. The aim of the present study was to detect canine vector-borne bacteria and protozoa of veterinary and zoonotic importance using molecular methods. Methods One hundred and forty-two dogs from Lisbon, southern Portugal, were tested: 48 dogs from a veterinary hospital clinically suspected of vector-borne diseases and 94 apparently healthy dogs from shelters. Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., Babesia/Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp., and Mycoplasma spp. infections were detected by PCR from blood samples and examined under light microscopy. Other information including clinical status and diagnostic test results were collected for each animal. Results Infections were detected by PCR in 48 (33.80%) dogs. Single infections were found in 35 dogs (24.64%), and co-infections were found in 13 (9.15%) dogs. Twenty-nine (20.42%) dogs were positive for Hepatozoon spp., 15 (10.56%) for Mycoplasma spp., 11 (7.75%) for Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., and six (4.21%) for Babesia spp. DNA sequencing was used to identify Babesia vogeli (2.81%), Babesia canis (1.40%), Hepatozoon canis (20.42%), Mycoplasma haematoparvum (2.11%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (8.45%), Anaplasma platys (7.04%), and Ehrlichia canis (0.70%). Conclusions This is the first molecular identification of B. canis and M. haematoparvum in dogs from southern Portugal. This study highlights the importance of molecular methods to identify CVBD pathogens in endemic areas and helps to guide the clinical approach of veterinarians in practice.

Climatological characterization of tropical cyclones detected in the regional climate simulations over the CORDEX‐SEA domain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Tibay ◽  
Faye Cruz ◽  
Fredolin Tangang ◽  
Liew Juneng ◽  
Thanh Ngo‐Duc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Simulations
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document