scholarly journals A theoretical framework for general design of two-materials composed diffractive fresnel lens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Yen Lin ◽  
Chih-Hao Chuang ◽  
Tzu-An Chou ◽  
Chien-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
General Design ◽  
Diffractive Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Partial Dispersion

AbstractNear 100% of diffractive efficiency for diffractive optical elements (DOEs) is one of the most required optical performances in broadband imaging applications. Of all flat DOEs, none seems to interest researchers as much as Two-Materials Composed Diffractive Fresnel Lens (TM-DFL) among the most promising flat DOEs. An approach of the near 100% of diffractive efficiency for TM-DFL once developed to determine the design rules mainly takes the advantage of numerical computation by methods of mapping and fitting. Despite a curved line of near 100% of diffractive efficiency can be generated in the Abbe and partial dispersion diagram, it is not able to analytically elaborate the relationship between two optical materials that compose the TM-DFL. Here, we present a theoretical framework, based on the fundaments of Cauchy's equation, Abbe number, partial dispersion, and the diffraction theory of Fresnel lens, for obtaining a general design formalism, so to perform the perfect material matching between two different optical materials for achieving the near 100% of diffractive efficiency for TM-DFL in the broadband imaging applications.

Design and Analysis of Flat-Top Beam Produced by Diffractive Optical Element

2015 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Z. Nie ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
Z.W. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Element ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Empirical Constant ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Diffractive Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flat Top Beam

The modified Gerchberg-Saxton (G-S) methods of diffractive optical elements are presented for converting a Gaussian beam into a flat-top beam. The sample points of the input and output planes are discussed based on the sampling principle. The relationship between weighting factor, empirical constant, diffractive efficiency, and intensity uniformity is investigated. The simulation results of different modified methods are calculated when the incident beams are the same. The results show that the intensity uniformity of the output flat-top beam is the best when using the ST modified method.

scholarly journals Optimization of THz diffractive optical elements thickness

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Surma ◽  
Izabela Ducin ◽  
Maciej Sypek ◽  
Przemyslaw Zagrajek ◽  
Agnieszka Siemion
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Absorbing Materials

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are strictly related to the design wavelength due to the fact that they must introduce particular phase delay of the wavefront propagating through the structure. Mostly the attenuation of the material is not taken into account. In this article we propose to optimize thickness of the DOE by reducing introduced phase retardation but also attenuation. The efficiency of DOEs is determined by the method of coding phase distribution and can be easily measured by using diffraction orders of corresponding diffraction grating. Here, we analyze binary phase diffraction gratings with assumed attenuation. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.-L. Coutaz, Optoélectronique térahertz (Les Ulis CEDEX A, France, EDP Sciences 2012). DirectLink D. Headland, Y. Monnai, D. Abbott, C. Fumeaux,and W. Withayachumnankul, "Tutorial: Terahertz beamforming, from concepts to realizations", APL Photonics 3, 5 (2018). CrossRef S. F. Busch, M. Weidenbach, M. Frey, F. Schäfer, T. Probst, nd M. Koch, "A 3D-Printable Polymer-Metal Soft-Magnetic Functional Composite—Development and Characterization", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 35, 12 (2014) CrossRef A. Siemion, P. Kostrowiecki-Lopata, A. Pindur, P. Zagrajek, M. Sypek, "Paper on Designing Costless THz Paper Optics", Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016, 9615698 (2016). CrossRef A. Siemion, A. Siemion, M. Makowski, J. Suszek, J. Bomba, A. Czerwinski, F. Garet, J.-L. Coutaz, and M. Sypek, "Diffractive paper lens for terahertz optics", Opt. Lett. 37, 4320–4322 (2012). CrossRef J.-L. Coutaz, F. Garet, E. Bonnet, A. V. Tishchenko, O. Parriaux, and M. Nazarov, "Grating Diffraction Effects in the THz Domain", Acta Phys. Pol. A 107, 26-37 (2005). CrossRef M. S. Heimbeck, P. J. Reardon, J. Callahan, and H. O. Everitt, "Transmissive quasi-optical Ronchi phase grating for terahertz frequencies", Opt. Lett. 35, 21 (2010). CrossRef D. Li, S. Shu, F. Li, G. Ma, Y. Dai, and H. Ma, "Anomalous transmission of terahertz wave through one-dimensional lamellar metallic grating", Opt. Commun. 284, 10-11 (2011). CrossRef X. Li, and S. F. Yu, "Diffraction Characteristics of Concentric Circular Metal Grating Operating at Terahertz Regime", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 46, 6 (2010). CrossRef B. Nöhammer, C. David, J. Gobrecht, and H. P. Herzig, "Optimized staircase profiles for diffractive optical devices made from absorbing materials", Opt. Lett. 28(13), 1087-1089 (2003). CrossRef V. Deuter, M. Grochowicz, S. Brose, J. Biller, S. Danylyuk, T. Taubner, D. Grutzmacher, and L. Juschkin, "Holographic masks for computational proximity lithography with EUV radiation", International Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography 2018 10809, 108091A (2018). CrossRef J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier optics (Greenwood Village, USA, Roberts & Company Publishers 2005). DirectLink W. B. Veldkamp, "Optimized staircase profiles for diffractive optical devices made from absorbing materials", Appl. Opt. 21(17), 3209-3212W (1982). CrossRef W. B. Veldkamp, and C. J. Kastner, "Beam profile shaping for laser radars that use detector arrays", Appl. Opt. 21(2), 345-356 (1982). CrossRef https://www.mcortechnologies.com/de/3d-drucker/mcor-iris/ DirectLinkM. Sypek, M. Makowski, E. Hérault, A. Siemion, A. Siemion, J. Suszek, F. Garet, and J.-L. Coutaz, "Highly efficient broadband double-sided Fresnel lens for THz range", Opt. Lett. 37, 12 (2012). CrossRef

Laser Power Characterization Method for Fabrication of Centrosymmetric CR-DOEs Mask

2008 ◽  
Vol 53-54 ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Duo Shu Wang ◽  
Chong Tai Luo ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Yu Qing Xiong ◽  
Hong Kai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Diffractive Efficiency ◽  
Mask Fabrication

With high diffractive efficiency, Continuous Relief Diffractive Optical Elements (CR-DOE) can be used to eliminate chromatic aberration, partial aberration and simplify optical system. The technology for CR-DOE with Laser Direct Writing method has advantages of simple process, short period and low cost. The paper studied on the characterization method of laser power for the technology. The principle of mask fabrication of CR-DOE by Laser Direct Writing is described in the paper. The relations between microstructure depth and laser power, exposing position radius and laser power were studied. The results showed that microstructure depth changes in direct ratio to laser power and laser power should change in direct to exposing position radius while several same depth microstructures were fabricated at different radius. At the end, the paper gave the charactering method and also fabricated the mask of a kind of centrosymmetric continuous relief diffractive focus lens with the method.

Design Method for the Near-field Diffractive Optical Elements with Large Diffraction Angle Based on the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Diffraction Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1122003
Author(s):  
李晶 LI Jing ◽  
吴鹏 WU Peng ◽  
杨正 YANG Zheng ◽  
郑倩颖 ZHENG Qian-ying ◽  
李韬杰 LI Tao-jie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Diffraction Angle

The Subject Matter of Intellectual Property

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Relationship

This book offers a study of the subject matter protected by each of the main intellectual property (IP) regimes. With a focus on European and UK law particularly, it considers the meaning of the terms used to denote the objects to which IP rights attach, such as ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, and ‘design’, with reference to the practice of legal officials and the nature of those objects specifically. To that end it proceeds in three stages. At the first stage, in Chapter 2, the nature, aims, and values of IP rights and systems are considered. As historically and currently conceived, IP rights are limited (and generally transferable) exclusionary rights that attach to certain intellectual creations, broadly conceived, and that serve a range of instrumentalist and deontological ends. At the second stage, in Chapter 3, a theoretical framework for thinking about IP subject matter is proposed with the assistance of certain devices from philosophy. That framework supports a paradigmatic conception of the objects protected by IP rights as artifact types distinguished by their properties and categorized accordingly. From this framework, four questions are derived concerning: the nature of the (categories of) subject matter denoted by the terms ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, ‘design’ etc, including their essential properties; the means by which each subject matter is individuated within the relevant IP regime; the relationship between each subject matter and its concrete instances; and the manner in which the existence of a subject matter and its concrete instances is known. That leaves the book’s final stage, in Chapters 3 to 7. Here legal officials’ use of the terms above, and understanding of the objects that they denote, are studied, and the results presented as answers to the four questions identified previously.

scholarly journals Frequency Division Multiplexing of Terahertz Waves Realized by Diffractive Optical Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6246
Author(s):  
Paweł Komorowski ◽  
Patrycja Czerwińska ◽  
Mateusz Kaluza ◽  
Mateusz Surma ◽  
Przemysław Zagrajek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Frequency Division ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Wireless Telecommunication ◽  
Finite Distance

Recently, one of the most commonly discussed applications of terahertz radiation is wireless telecommunication. It is believed that the future 6G systems will utilize this frequency range. Although the exact technology of future telecommunication systems is not yet known, it is certain that methods for increasing their bandwidth should be investigated in advance. In this paper, we present the diffractive optical elements for the frequency division multiplexing of terahertz waves. The structures have been designed as a combination of a binary phase grating and a converging diffractive lens. The grating allows for differentiating the frequencies, while the lens assures separation and focusing at the finite distance. Designed structures have been manufactured from polyamide PA12 using the SLS 3D printer and verified experimentally. Simulations and experimental results are shown for different focal lengths. Moreover, parallel data transmission is shown for two channels of different carrier frequencies propagating in the same optical path. The designed structure allowed for detecting both signals independently without observable crosstalk. The proposed diffractive elements can work in a wide range of terahertz and sub-terahertz frequencies, depending on the design assumptions. Therefore, they can be considered as an appealing solution, regardless of the band finally used by the future telecommunication systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document