scholarly journals The immune status, oxidative and epigenetic changes in tissues of turkeys fed diets with different ratios of arginine and lysine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ognik ◽  
Dariusz Mikulski ◽  
Paweł Konieczka ◽  
Bartłomiej Tykałowski ◽  
Magdalena Krauze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Dna Oxidation ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Protein Nitration ◽  
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale

AbstractIn the present experiment, it was assumed that the appropriate dietary ratio of arginine (Arg) to lysine (Lys) can improve the immune status and growth performance of turkeys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two inclusion rates of Arg relative to Lys in turkey diets with Lys content consistent with National Research Council (NRC) recommendations or 10% higher on the immune status of birds and indicators of protein and DNA damage due to oxidation, nitration or epigenetic changes. Another goal was to determine which dietary Arg:Lys ratio stimulates the immune response of turkeys vaccinated against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. The experiment was performed on 576 turkeys randomly assigned to four groups with two levels of Lys (low = NRC recommendation or high = NRC + 10%) and two levels of Arg (95% or 105% Arg relative to the content of dietary Lys). It was found that the Lys content of turkey diets should be 10% higher than that recommended by the NRC and combined with the higher Arg level (105% of Lys). Although the above Arg:Lys ratio did not improve the growth performance of birds, it stimulated their immune system and reduced protein nitration as well as protein and DNA oxidation.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin Forms and Levels on Vitamin Bioavailability and Growth Performance in Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4903
Author(s):  
Pan Yang ◽  
Jinbiao Zhao ◽  
Huakai Wang ◽  
Longxian Li ◽  
Yongxi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Two Factors

The objective of this study was to quantify the relative bioavailability of microencapsulated vitamins A and E in nursery pigs and compare the effects of vitamin forms and vitamin levels on the plasma vitamin content and growth performance of weaned piglets. In experiment (Exp.) 1, 12 nursery pigs (fitted with jugular catheters) were supplied at 0 h with non-microencapsulated or microencapsulated vitamin A and E. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 36, 48, and 72 h after feeding to compare the bioavailability of oral vitamins A and E. In Exp. 2, a total of 216 crossbred weaned piglets were assigned to six treatments. This experiment was a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two factors for vitamin forms (non-microencapsulated and microencapsulated) and three factors for vitamin levels (the National Research Council level of vitamins, 75% commercial recommendations of vitamins (CRV) level, and a 100% CVR level). In Exp. 1, the relative bioavailability of microencapsulated vitamin E was significantly greater than that of non-microencapsulated vitamin E. In Exp. 2, the pigs fed diets containing 75% or 100% CRV levels of vitamins increased their growth performance and plasma vitamin concentrations compared to the control group. In conclusion, microencapsulation can improve the bioavailability of vitamins, and supplementation with high levels of vitamins was able to improve the growth performance of the piglets.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of processing methods on the feeding value of maize in feedlot cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Zinn ◽  
A. Barreras ◽  
L. Corona ◽  
F. N. Owens ◽  
A. Plascencia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Feeding Value

The primary reason for processing maize is to enhance feeding value. Total tract starch digestion is similar for coarsely processed (dry rolled, cracked) dry maize. Enhancements in starch digestion due to dry rolling maizev.feeding maize whole may be greater in light-weight calves than in yearlings, and when DM intake is restricted ( < 1·5 % of body weight). The net energy (NE) maintain (NEm) and NE gain (NEg) values for whole maize are 8·83 and 6·02 MJ (2·11 and 1·44 Mcal)/kg, respectively. Compared with conventional dry processing (i.e. coarse rolled, cracked), finely processing maize may increase the initial rate of digestion, but does not improve total tract starch digestion. Tempering before rolling (without the addition of steam) may enhance the growth performance response and the NE value of maize. Average total tract starch digestion is similar for high-moisture and steam-flaked maize. However, the proportion of starch digested ruminally is greater (about 8 %) for high-moisture maize. The growth performance response of feedlot cattle to the feeding of high-moisture maize is highly variable. Although the NEmand NEgvalue of whole high-moisture maize was slightly less than that of dry processed maize (averaging 9·04 and 6·44 MJ (2·16 and 1·54 Mcal)/kg, respectively), grinding or rolling high-moisture maize before ensiling increased (6 %) its NE value. Substituting steam-flaked maize for dry processed maize increases average daily gain (6·3 %) and decreases DM intake (5 %). The comparative NEmand NEgvalues for steam-flaked maize at optimal processing (density = 0·34 kg/l) are 10·04 and 7·07 MJ (2·40 and 1·69 Mcal)/kg, respectively. These NE values are greater (3 %) than current tabular values (National Research Council, 2000), being more consistent with earlier standards (National Research Council, 1984). When maize is the primary or sole source of starch in the diet, concentration of starch in faeces (faecal starch, % of DM) of feedlot steers can serve as an indicator of total tract starch digestion, and, hence, the feeding value of maize.

Effects of feeding Isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response of broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Lipids Profile

The research was conducted to study the effect of feeding broiler chickens on diets containing isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response. 90-one day old broiler chicks were used according to completely randomized two treatment groups and one control, 30 birds each. Birds fed ad-libitum on basal starter and grower-finisher diets for 35 day. Diets of treatment`s groups contained 0.5 g/Kg and 1 g/Kg of Isomaltooligosaccharides, while the control group fed on the basal diets without Isomaltooligosaccharides supplementation. Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with Isomaltooligosaccharides improved body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, two lymphoid organs weight and log antibody titer against avian flu vaccine. Most of the highest values were for birds fed low levels of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Feed intake decreases as Isomaltooligosaccharides level increases. Dietary supplementation with Isomaltooligosaccharides did not affect the lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL), however the blood VLDL levels decreased with increased levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione reductase. Collectively, Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with 0.5 g/Kg diet of Isomaltooligosaccharides improved growth performance, carcass traits and immune status.

Effects of potential probiotics on growth performance and immune response of the juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-hui ZHOU ◽  
Hong-ming MA ◽  
Wen-bing ZHANG ◽  
Wei XU ◽  
Zhi-guo LIUFU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus
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