scholarly journals Spatial hand representation in anorexia nervosa: a controlled pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Verbe ◽  
P. G. Lindberg ◽  
P. Gorwood ◽  
L. Dupin ◽  
P. Duriez
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Verbal Instructions ◽  
Emotional Salience

AbstractBody representation distortion (BRD) is a core criterion of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), and is usually assessed subjectively, focusing on body shape. We aimed to develop a new assessment to evaluate body representation independently from socially-mediated body image, on a body part with low emotional salience (hands). In a monocentric open label pilot study, we measured hand representations based on explicit (verbal) and implicit (tactile) instructions. Participants, with eyes closed, had to point targeted locations (knuckles and nails of each finger) based on verbal instructions and tactile stimulations to evaluate body representations respectively. Ratios between hand width and finger length were compared between AN (n = 31) and controls (n = 31) and correlated with current body mass index, AN subtype and disease duration. To control that hand distortion was specific to body representation, we also assessed object representation. Hand representation’s width/length ratio was significantly increased in patients with AN, whereas no difference was found in object representation. We found no correlation between hand wideness and clinical traits related to eating disorders. Our results propose that BRD is not limited to body parts with high emotional salience, strengthening the hypothesis that anorexia nervosa is associated with profound unspecific BRD.

scholarly journals Visual Body Part Representation in the Lateral Occipitotemporal Cortex in Children/Adolescents and Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Okamoto ◽  
Ryo Kitada ◽  
Takanori Kochiyama ◽  
Hiroaki Naruse ◽  
Kai Makita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Occipitotemporal Cortex

Abstract The lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) that responds to human bodies and body parts has been implicated in social development and neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neuroimaging studies using a representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that body representation in the LOTC of typically developing (TD) adults is categorized into 3 clusters: action effector body parts, noneffector body parts, and face parts. However, its organization of younger people (i.e., children and adolescents) and its association with individual traits remain unclear. In this functional MRI study, TD adults and children/adolescents observed photographs of hands, feet, arms, legs, chests, waists, upper/lower faces, the whole body, and chairs. The univariate analysis showed that fewer child/adolescent participants showed left LOTC activation in response to whole-body images (relative to those of chairs) than adult participants. Contrastingly, the RSA on both age groups revealed a comparable body representation with 3 clusters of body parts in the bilateral LOTC. Hence, this result indicates that, although response to whole-body images can differ, LOTC body part representations for children/ adolescents and adults are highly similar. Furthermore, sensory atypicality is associated with spatial LOTC organization, suggesting the importance of this region for understanding individual difference, which is frequently observed in ASD.

Quetiapine in anorexia nervosa patients: An open label outpatient pilot study

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline S. Powers ◽  
Yvonne Bannon ◽  
Rebecca Eubanks ◽  
Terry McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Open Label

Changes in Body Representation of the Human Upper Limb as a Function of Movement and Visual Hand Position

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Hamasaki ◽  
Qi An ◽  
Wen Wen ◽  
Yusuke Tamura ◽  
Hiroshi Yamakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Sense Of Ownership

Several disease presentations are linked to a mismatch between the real body and the body’s internal representation of itself. In order to develop effective rehabilitation therapies, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying changes in body representation. In this study, we focused on changes in body representation of the upper limb as a large part of the body and investigated the conditions under which such changes occur. Participants were presented four conditions which differentially affected their sense of ownership and agency, including a movement condition related to their sense of agency, and a visual hand information condition related to the sense of ownership. In the experiment, participants were asked to move their upper limb forward and backward on a manipulandum. Results of the study showed that visual hand position affected changes in body representation relevant to both conscious and unconscious body parts. In addition, changes in the representation of the unconscious body part occurred with, and were dependent on, active movement.

scholarly journals "XR Mark Test" Reveals Sensorimotor Body Representation in Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Miyazaki ◽  
Tomohisa Asai ◽  
Norihiro Ban ◽  
Ryoko Mugitani
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Mark Test ◽  
Self Recognition

The mark test is a popular test for self-recognition. Although the extent to which self-recognition can be assessed remains controversial, the test elicits visually guided, self-oriented, and spontaneous reaching movements. In this study, we demonstrated that this self-oriented reaching is suitable for estimating sensorimotor body representation in toddlers. We developed a non-verbal task (Bodytoypo) to assess the localization of body parts by gamifying the mark test and conducted it with thirty 2- and 3-year old children. Specifically, we detected the children's skeletal data in real-time, displayed virtual marks on various parts of their body, and estimated their reaction time and accuracy of body part localization. Subsequently, a statistical-based automated analysis using 2-D image processing and conventional frame-by-frame coding were performed. The results revealed developmental changes in the children's reaching strategies. A few errors were observed around the face. A reduction in the error rate for joint and movable areas was observed in children between the ages of 2 and 3 years. An analysis of movement trajectories using a combination of image processing and machine learning algorithms showed that 2-year-olds acquired visually guided reaching (feedback control) from ballistic exploratory reaching and 3-year-olds acquired rapid and predictive reaching (feedforward control) from visually guided cautious reaching. It was also found that the accuracy of localization could be predicted by examining the coordination of body parts. Evaluation of the developmental changes in self-oriented reaching reveals new possibilities for the mark test and development of body representation.

IMPROVING INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE TO STUDENT E-MAILS USING TEMPLATE AND REMINDER INTERVENTIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Elbeck ◽  
Minjung Song
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Verbal Instructions ◽  
E Mail

Student e-mails without the student’s name, message, file attachment, etc may impede a timely and thorough instructor response. To help resolve this issue, we apply template and reminder interventions to improve student e-mail format defined as the degree of agreement between a student’s e-mail format and an instructor provided template. A pilot study (Study 1) employing a sample of 36 online undergraduate marketing students concluded that instructor supplied e-mail format template significantly improved student e-mail format. Additional refinements were examined in Study 2 to test three instruction formats (verbal, separated graphic and verbal, and integrated graphic and verbal) and two levels of instruction reminders (once and three times) using a sample of 78 online undergraduate marketing students. Results show that integrated graphic and verbal instructions, and independently, reminder announcements improve student e-mail format. Results from the two studies are discussed in terms of pedagogical benefits for the marketing educator.

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