scholarly journals Pulse sharpness as a quantitative index of vascular aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang-Han Bae ◽  
Young Ju Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Quantitative Index ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
Age Dependent

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a robust algorithm to quantify pulse sharpness that can complement the limitations of radial augmentation index (rAIx) and explore the role of this quantitative sharpness index in reflecting vascular aging or arterial stiffness. The pulse sharpness index (PSI) was developed by combining the end point angle and virtual height, and 528 radial pulses were analyzed. The PSI could be uniformly applied to various waveform morphologies, even those with no or vague tidal waves, unlike the rAIx. Significant sex differences were identified in the rAIx and PSI (P < 0.01 for both), and significant age-dependent decreases in the PSI were observed (P < 0.01). In addition, the PSI and age were correlated (r = − 0.550) at least as strong as the rAIx and age (r = 0.532), and the PSI had a significant negative correlation with arterial stiffness (r = − 0.700). Furthermore, the multiple linear regression model for arterial stiffness using the PSI, age, sex and heart rate showed the excellent performance (cross-validated R2 = 0.701), and the PSI was found to have the greatest influence on arterial stiffness. This study confirmed that the PSI could be a quantitative index of vascular aging and has potential for use in inferring arterial stiffness with an advantage over the rAIx.

Abstract 17467: Early Vascular Aging Predicts the Incidence of Diabetes in Hypertensives

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios ◽  
Georgia Christopoulou ◽  
Lampros Korogiannis ◽  
Nikolaos Ioakeimidis ◽  
Konstantinos Aznaouridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Vascular Aging

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with vascular aging. Arterial stiffness, a marker of vascular aging, is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, the role of arterial stiffness in the incidence of diabetes has not been investigated. Hypothesis: We sought to investigate the role of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the prediction of incident diabetes in hypertensives and hypertensives under treatment with statins. Methods: 376 never-treated hypertensives (mean age 53±13 years, 175 females) without a known history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease at baseline, were included in the study. Markers of target organ damage [carotid-femoral PWV, aortic augmentation index corrected for heart rate (AIx@75) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)] were evaluated at baseline in all patients. eGFR was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose were measured in venous blood samples. Patients were followed-up prospectively for the incidence of diabetes as defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria. 139 patients received statins during follow-up. Results: During a median of 13.6 years follow-up, 55 patients (13.4%) patients were diagnosed with diabetes. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher PWV (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.29, 95% Confidence intervals [CI]: 1.02-1.63, P = 0.034) was associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes, which was independent of relevant confounders. In further analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the ability of PWV to discriminate subjects with diabetes. The area under the curve (AUC) and 95% CIs of the ROC curve was AUC=0.67 (95% CI: 0.59-0.74, P<0.001) for PWV. In the subgroup of patients under treatment with statins, higher PWV (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.19-2.40, P = 0.004) was also independently associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes. AIx@75 was not associated with the incidence of diabetes. Conclusions: Higher arterial stiffness, a marker of early vascular aging, is associated with the incidence of diabetes and also can identify subjects under treatment with statins that are more likely to present with diabetes in the future.

Abstract 12770: The Significant Role of Endothelium and Arterial Wall Properties in Patients With Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Siasou ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Marilita M Moschos ◽  
Nikolaos Gouliopoulos ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Introduction: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most prevalent causes of irreversible blindness and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) is another type of glaucoma observed in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. It is characterized by the deposition of pseudoexfoliative material not only to the anterior segment of the eye, but also to the vessels, heart and other organs. Hypothesis: Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are impaired in patients with POAG and PEG supporting the significant role of vascular function impairment in the progression of the disease. Methods: Forty four POAG patients, 22 PEG and 38 healthy subjects (Cl) were included in this study. All subjects were free of cardiovascular or inflammatory diseases. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness and augmentation index (AIx) as a measure of arterial wave reflections Results: Between the three study groups CL, POAG, PEG there was no difference in age (67±10years vs. 70±9years vs. 66±12yeras, p=0.12) or prevalence of male sex (70% vs. 57% vs. 50%, p=0.21). Importantly, there was a linear impairment of FMD (7.35±2.77% vs. 6.58±3.18% vs. 4.88±3.29%, p=0.006), PWV (7.98±1.56m/sec vs. 9.20±1.84m/sec vs. 9.22±2.16m/sec, p=0.004) and AIx (21.29±8.77% vs. 25.14±5.71% vs. 28.20±8.75%, p=0.002) from CL to POAG and PEG. Interestingly post hoc test after Scheffe correction revealed also that PEG subjects had not only significantly impaired FMD, compared to control subjects, but also compared to POAG subjects (4.88±3.29% vs. 6.58±3.18%, p=0.02). Conclusions: Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are significantly impaired in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. These findings shed some light in the pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and support the theory that pseudoexfoliative fibrils may also accumulate and damage the arterial wall.

Abstract 4688: The Impact of Marfan Syndrome on Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Function: The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Brilli ◽  
Dimitris Tousoulis ◽  
Charalambos Antoniades ◽  
George Hatzis ◽  
Nikos Ioakeimidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Augmentation Pressure ◽  
The Impact

Background: Marfan syndrome is characterised by high risk of aortic dissections and increased cardiovascular risk. However, the impact of Marfan syndrome on endothelial function and arterial stiffness is unclear, while the role of matrix metalloproteinases is unknown. We examined the impact of Marfan syndrome on the elastic properties of the arterial tree, and vascular endothelial function, and we evaluated the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases in these effects. Methods: The study population consisted of 17 subjects with Marfan syndrome, aged 26.6±2.3 years old, with BMI 20.5±1.03Kg/m2 and 22 healthy individuals matched for gender, age (26.4±0.78 years old, p=NS) and BMI (22.4±0.86 Kg/m2). Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), while augmentation pressure and augmentation index (AIx) were also determined, as measures of arterial wave reflections. Endothelial function was evaluated by determining flow mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery while matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels were determined by ELISA. Results: Patients with Marfan syndrome had significantly lower pulse pressure in the radial artery (41.0±1.07mmHg) compared to controls (51.3±4.4mmHg). In addition, patients had higher AIx (17.6±2.4%) and augmentation pressure (5.44±0.65mmHg) compared to controls (7.72±3.43% and 2.41±1.14mmHg respectively, p<0.05 for both). However, the difference in PWV between patients and controls did not reach statistical significance (6.33±0.33 vs 5.96±0.23m/s respectively, p=NS). Patients with Marfan syndrome had lower FMD (2.05±1.13%) and higher plasma MMP-9 (827±70ng/ml) compared to controls (6.8±2.3% p<0.05 and 326±50ng/ml, p<0.01). Conclusions: Marfan syndrome is associated with increased MMP-9 levels, as well as with elevated augmentation index and augmentation pressure compared to healthy individuals, matched for age, gender and body mass index. Moreover, flow-mediated dilation is also impaired in these subjects. These findings suggest that Marfan syndrome directly affects the elastic properties and endothelial function of the arterial tree, with matrix metalloproteinases being important mediators in the pathophysiology of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Function, Role, and Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Vascular Aging

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Jun-Kun Zhan ◽  
Yan-Jiao Wang ◽  
Pan Tan ◽  
Yi-Yin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
And Function ◽  
Threshold Process

Vascular aging, a specific type of organic aging, is related to age-dependent changes in the vasculature, including atherosclerotic plaques, arterial stiffness, fibrosis, and increased intimal thickening. Vascular aging could influence the threshold, process, and severity of various cardiovascular diseases, thus making it one of the most important risk factors in the high mortality of cardiovascular diseases. As endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main cell biological basis of these pathology changes of the vasculature, the structure and function of ECs and VSMCs play a key role in vascular aging. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, have been shown to regulate the expression of multiple messenger RNAs (mRNAs) posttranscriptionally, contributing to many crucial aspects of cell biology. Recently, miRNAs with functions associated with aging or aging-related diseases have been studied. In this review, we will summarize the reported role of miRNAs in the process of vascular aging with special emphasis on EC and VSMC functions. In addition, the potential application of miRNAs to clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases will also be discussed.

The Role of Adipokines in the Development of Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension

Angiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 754-761
Author(s):  
Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa ◽  
Marcin A. Bartlomiejczyk ◽  
Agata Sakowicz ◽  
Marek Maciejewski ◽  
Maciej Banach
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to assess the role and the relationship of adipokines as well as parameters of arterial stiffness in newly diagnosed hypertension. Forty-nine newly diagnosed hypertensive cases (median age 47 ± 6 years) and 48 normotensive patients (median age 47 ± 6 years) were enrolled to this study. Patients underwent echocardiography, noninvasive assessment of hemodynamic parameters using SphygmoCor tonometer (Atcor Med). The levels of the adipokines—leptin, adiponectin, and resistin—were investigated. The augmentation pressure, augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were higher in patients with hypertension compared with controls ( Ps < .05). Patients with hypertension had higher E/ E′ ratio, higher diameter of left atrium, and lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion compared with the control group ( Ps < .05). Patients with hypertension had significant higher levels of leptin (ng/mL) and lower levels of adiponectin (μg/mL) compared with normotensive patients. The multivariate analysis showed that PWV (odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% CI, 1.2-2.9; P = .002) and leptin level (OR 1.01, 95% CI, 1.004-1.031; P = .01) were significantly associated with hypertension. Arterial stiffness as determined by PWV and leptin are associated with newly diagnosed hypertension. Elevated serum leptin level may influence the potential mechanism leading to sympathetic activation.

RADIAL DIASTOLIC AUGMENTATION INDEX IS A USEFUL PREDICTOR OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250011 ◽  
Author(s):  
YING-YING ZHENG ◽  
CHI-WEN LUNG ◽  
YONG-LIANG ZHANG ◽  
XUE-QING LI ◽  
ZU-CHANG MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Pressure Waveform ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Radial Artery Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Augmentation

Diastolic augmentation index (DAI), calculated from radial artery pressure waveform, has been associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether DAI could be used as a predictor of arterial stiffness and the effect of heart rate (HR) on it. Measurements of anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), Augmentation index (AI) and DAI were taken in 242 healthy subjects (130 men and 112 women; age 16–78 years). DAI and AI were measured in a subgroup of 16 subjects (10 men and 6 women; age 19–69 years) in a two-month follow-up study, which aimed to investigate the effect of HR changes. Statistically, DAI was higher in women compared to men (44.8% ± 7.7% compared with 43.6% ± 6.9%, P < 0.05). DAI was decreased with age (men: r = -0.755, P < 0.05; women: r = -0.708, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated to AI (men: r = -0.704, P < 0.05; women: r = -0.756, P < 0.05). There was no significant change in DAI when HR ranged from 60 to 80 bpm. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated fewer determinants affect DAI compared with AI. These findings indicate that the simple radial DAI might be used as an index to assess vascular aging.

scholarly journals Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging: Effects of Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
E. S. Fomina ◽  
V. S. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Vascular Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Functional Changes

This review highlights the relationship of age and arterial hypertension observed in the aging process. The main structural and functional changes underlying the increase in vascular stiffness are analyzed. The similarity of vascular changes in aging and arterial hypertension was noted. The negative effect of increased central blood pressure on target organs is considered. Attention is paid to the analysis of arterial stiffness as a marker of vascular aging. The parameters of the carotid-femoral pulse wave propagation velocity, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), the ankle-brachial index, the finger-brachial index, and the augmentation index were examined separately. The prognostic and clinical value of the parameters of vascular stiffness is considered. In particular, the clinical guidelines for arterial hypertension report the need to use arterial stiffness indicators to improve the accuracy of cardiovascular risk stratification, especially in medium-risk patients. Measurement of vascular stiffness and central aortic pressure should be recommended as one of the methods for stratifying cardiovascular risk in patients with intermediate SCORE risk, as well as in those whose target organ damage was not detected by routine methods. The article also notes the independent diagnostic and prognostic value of the CAVI.

The Role of Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System and Its New Components in Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fritsch Neves ◽  
Ana Rosa Cunha ◽  
Michelle Rabello Cunha ◽  
Ronaldo Altenburg Gismondi ◽  
Wille Oigman
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Abstract 567: Transcription Factor Runx2 is Induced in Vascular Aging and May Promote Age-related Arterial Stiffness

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel N Schellinger ◽  
Joshua M Spin ◽  
Gerd Hasenfuss ◽  
Philip S Tsao ◽  
Uwe Raaz
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Arterial Stiffening ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Potential Mediator ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Background: Arterial stiffening is a hallmark of vascular aging and may constitute a critical mechanism linking age to increased cardiovascular risk. However, up to now there is no therapy available to efficiently and specifically target age-related arterial stiffening. We recently identified the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 as an inducer of diabetic arterial stiffness. Objective: The present study investigated the role of Runx2 in the setting of age-related arterial stiffness. Methods and Results: Aortic stiffness – quantified by ex vivo mechanical testing (pressure myography) – was markedly increased in 1-year old male C57Bl/6 mice compared to young (10 week-old) controls. At the same time, Runx2 was aberrantly upregulated in the medial layer of aged aortae, coming along with significant medial fibrosis. Additionally, we detected increased aortic expression of interleukin 6 ( Il6 ) – a key cytokine involved in vascular “inflammaging”. Mechanistically, we found IL-6-induced RUNX2 expression in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) via a NFkB-dependent pathway. Conclusion: In conclusion this study suggests Runx2 as a potential mediator of age-related arterial fibrosis and stiffness warranting further interventional/therapeutic studies.

Arterial stiffness is a potential mechanism and promising indicator of orthostatic hypotension in the general population

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtao Meng ◽  
Si Wang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Shixi Wan ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Baroreceptor Sensitivity ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a disease prevalent among middle-aged men and the elderly. The association between arterial stiffness and OH is unclear. This study evaluates whether arterial stiffness is correlated with OH and tests the usefulness of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), an arterial stiffness marker, with regard to identifying OH. Patients and methods: A sample of 1,010 participants was recruited from the general population (64.8 ± 7.7 years; 426 men) who attended health check-ups. BaPWV and the radial augmentation index (rAI) were both assessed as the arterial stiffness markers, and OH was determined using blood pressure (BP) measured in the supine position, as well as 30 seconds and 2 minutes after standing. Results: The prevalence of OH in this population was 4.9 %. Compared with the non-OH group, both baPWV (20.5 ± 4.5 vs 17.3 ± 3.7, p < 0.001) and rAI (88.1 ± 10.8 vs 84.2 ± 10.7, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the OH group. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, baPWV (OR, 1.3; 95 % CI, 1.106–1.528; p < 0.05) remained associated with OH. Moreover, the degree of orthostatic BP reduction was related to arterial stiffness. In addition, increases in arterial stiffness predicted decreases in the degree of heart rate (HR) elevation. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that baPWV was useful in discriminating OH (AUC, 0.721; p < 0.001), with the cut-off value of 18.58 m/s (sensitivity, 0.714; specificity, 0.686). Conclusions: Arterial stiffness determined via baPWV, rather than rAI, was significantly correlated with the attenuation of the orthostatic hemodynamic response and the resultant OH. The impaired baroreceptor sensitivity might be the mechanism. In addition, baPWV appears to be a relatively sensitive and reliable indicator of OH in routine clinical practice.

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