Yield gains larger in GM maize for human consumption than livestock feed in South Africa

Abstract Canola was created as a low erucic acid and low glucosinolate seed, to produce high quality oil for human consumption and meal for use in livestock feed. China is an important user of Canadian canola products (seeds, oil, and meal). The extraction of the oil from the seed produces a co-product called canola meal. This meal is rich in protein and is used as a protein source in animal diets. However, differences in the characteristics of the seeds, or processing methods during oil extraction may affect the quality of this co-product. Plus, the synthesis of tissues and milk is related to the amino acids available to the animal for absorption in the small intestine. This study aimed to determine if there are significant differences in the intestinal digestibility (in vitro) of CP and DM between canola seeds and meals from different companies in Canada and to determine if there are significant differences between them in Canada and China. The three-step procedure was applied on residues from a 12-hour rumen incubation in fistulated dairy cows to estimate the intestinal digestibility of CP and DM. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) for TDDM (Total digestible dry matter) and IDP (intestinal digestibility of protein) of the meals between countries. The samples from China had higher TDDM (83.76% versus 81.53%, P = 0.018), while Canada’s had higher IDP (68.51% versus 65.28%, P = 0.016). No significant differences were observed within countries. Based on the material analyzed during this study, it is safe to affirm that there are no significant differences in the digestibility of DM and CP between Canada and China. It was concluded that the quality of the canola seeds or meals produced in both Canada and China were similar when used in dairy rations. Key words: canola seeds and bio-processing co-products (meals, pellets), nutritional differences, dairy cows

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Cetopirus complanatus (Cirripedia: Coronulidae) from the late Middle Pleistocene human settlement of Pinnacle Point 13B (Mossel Bay, South Africa)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4237 (2) ◽

pp. 393 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ALBERTO COLLARETA ◽

CURTIS W. MAREAN ◽

ANTONIETA JERARDINO ◽

MARK BOSSELAERS

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

Early Pleistocene ◽

Middle Pleistocene ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Right Whale ◽

Pinnacle Point ◽

History Of ◽

Late Middle Pleistocene

The late Middle Pleistocene cave site of Pinnacle Point 13B (PP13B, South Africa) has provided the archaeologically oldest evidences yet known of human consumption of marine resources. Among the marine invertebrates recognised at PP13B, an isolated whale barnacle compartment was tentatively determined as Coronula diadema and regarded as indirect evidence of human consumption of a baleen whale (likely Megaptera novaeangliae). In this paper we redetermine this coronulid specimen as Cetopirus complanatus. This record significantly extends the fossil history of C. complanatus back by about 150 ky, thus partially bridging the occurrence of Cetopirus fragilis in the early Pleistocene to the latest Quaternary record of C. complanatus. Since C. complanatus is currently known as a highly specific phoront of right whales (Eubalaena spp.), we propose that the late Middle Pleistocene human groups that inhabited PP13B fed on a stranded southern right whale. Therefore, the whale barnacle from PP13B suggests the persistence of a southern right whale population off South Africa during the predominantly glacial MIS 6, thus evoking the continuity of cetacean migrations and antitropical distribution during that global cold phase. Interestingly, the most ancient evidence of humans feeding on a whale involves Eubalaena, historically the most exploited cetacean genus, and currently still seriously threatened with extinction due to human impact.

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Social Learning Through Environmental Risk Analysis of Biodiversity and GM Maize in South Africa

Environmental Policy and Governance ◽

10.1002/eet.1587 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 238-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Genya V. Dana ◽

Kristen C. Nelson

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Social Learning ◽

Risk Analysis ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Gm Maize ◽

Environmental Risk Analysis

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Spectroscopic Determination of Water Salinity in Brackish Surface Water in Nandoni Dam, at Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

10.20944/preprints201807.0211.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lebea N. Nthunya ◽

Sebabatso Maifadi ◽

Bhekie B. Mamba ◽

Arne R. Verliefde ◽

Sabelo D. Mhlanga

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Samples ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Limpopo Province ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Vhembe District ◽

Dissolved Salts

The problem of limited water supply in the Vhembe District (Limpopo Province, South Africa) is exacerbated by a preponderance of dissolved salts, which cause disagreeable taste and odour in the water as reported by the communities using this water for drinking. The water treatment plant that supplies the treated water to the communities in the District sources this raw water from the Nandoni Dam at the Livhuvu river catchment. However, there are no scientific studies that have been reported in the literature which focused on determining the levels of water salinity from various water sources in the municipalities of the District. Water samples from various sites across the Nandoni Dam, a primary source of domestic water supply in the region, were collected during all the seasons basis over a period of twelve months in order to ascertain the concentrations of dissolved salts in the dam. Onsite analyses of the water samples were conducted using the YSI ProDSS multimeter, while the laboratory water analyses were conducted using the spectroquant and atomic absorption spectrometers. Although salinity tests seem to indicate that the water sampled across most of the Nandoni Dam is brackish during all seasons of the year with the highest being 750 mg/L, water samples from the dam mid-outlet and the treatment plant are slightly below the WHO brackish water bracket of 500 mg/L with unfavourable taste for drinking. Results from this study indicate that the water sourced from the Nandoni Dam is not suitable for human consumption and therefore requires integrated water resource management, as well as robust and cost-effective water desalination treatment.

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Current situation of meat-related waste genera ted by free state abattoirs, South Africa

Linnaeus Eco-Tech ◽

10.15626/eco-tech.2003.059 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 495-500

Author(s):

Hester Roberts

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Waste Management ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Management Practices ◽

Meat Inspection ◽

Free State ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Potential Health ◽

Food Borne ◽

Spoilage Bacteria

Legislation exists which prescribes specific waste disposal methods, especially for condemned products, but financial constraints prohibits its implementation. Current legislation requires independent meat inspection but it is not yet applied at all abattoirs and will take a considerable period of time before it is in place. Meat inspection does not serve any pwpose if condemned products returns to the food chain. Waste management practices at the different grades of abattoirs (Grades A to E) will be assessed and interviews with management will be used to predict the associated health risks to the community and the meat industry. Results obtained, will be used to construct a model to recommend the most suitable waste management system for each grade of abattoir in the Free State Province. This model would be appropriate for other provinces in South Africa. Spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are found on the surfaces of meat products. Pathogenic bacteria can cause illness when these products are consumed (Aberle, et.al., 2001). Food borne illnesses are a world-wide phenomena that also play a role in South Africa. Duse (2002) quoted the Department of Health statistics indicating that in the period of January to June 1998 there were 110 cases of food poisoning and 3 deaths and in 1999 127 cases reported and 0 deaths occurred. A large variety of bacterial genera have been recovered from red-meat, poultry and their products for example, Actinobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Aalmonella, Zersinia, and Streptococcus. An increase in amounts ofwaste are generated all over the world. Abattoirs are one of the industries that contribute to the problem of possible food-borne diseases and potential health hazards associated with food, especially meat (Bradshaw, et.al. 1992). Waste generated by abattoirs include condemned organs and carcasses, blood, hides, paunch content and carcass trimmings. Condemned products and carcasses, unsuitable for human consumption, are eaten by ,,cavengers" or persons living off refuse sites, and could cause a significant health problem which could lead to disease and death.Current economic conditions force under- privileged communities to seek any possible source of food and some of the sites frequented are landfill sites, dumping grounds and disposal sites used by abattoirs (Personal communication, Derbyshire, 2003),

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Democratization of Science and Biotechnological Development: Public Debate on GM Maize in South Africa

The Open Communication Journal ◽

10.2174/1874916x00802010117 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 117-126

Author(s):

Pascal N. Mwale

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Public Debate ◽

Gm Maize

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Recent Advances in Faba Bean Genetic and Genomic Tools for Crop Improvement

10.20944/preprints202012.0372.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Khazaei ◽

Donal O'Sullivan ◽

Frederick Stoddard ◽

Kedar Adhikari ◽

Jeffrey Paull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Livestock Feed ◽

Research Activities ◽

Genomic Tools

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a member of the Fabaceae family, is one of the important food legumes cultivated in cool temperate regions. It holds great importance for human consumption and livestock feed because of its high protein content, dietary fibre, and nutritional value. Major faba bean breeding challenges include its mixed breeding system, unknown wild progenitor, and genome size of ~13 Gb, which is the largest among diploid field crops. The key breeding objectives in faba bean include improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and enhanced seed quality traits. Major progress on reduction of vicine-convicine and seed coat tannins, the main anti-nutritional factors limiting faba bean seed usage, have been recently achieved through gene discovery. Genomic resources are relatively less advanced compared to other grain legume species, but significant improvements are underway due to a recent significant increase in research activities. A number of bi-parental populations have been constructed and mapped for targeted traits in the last decade. Faba bean now benefits from saturated synteny‐based genetic maps, along with next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping technologies that are paving the way for marker-assisted selection. Developing a reference genome, and ultimately a pan-genome, will provide a foundational resource for molecular breeding. In this review, we cover the recent development and deployment of genomic tools for faba bean breeding.

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Soybeans Consumption and Production in China

Research Anthology on Food Waste Reduction and Alternative Diets for Food and Nutrition Security ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5354-1.ch064 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1256-1275

Author(s):

Xiumei Guo ◽

Xiaoling Shao ◽

Shagufta M. Trishna ◽

Dora Marinova ◽

Amzad Hossain

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Natural Resource Use ◽

Dietary Preferences ◽

Livestock Feed ◽

High Consumption ◽

Educational Guidance ◽

Genetically Modified Soybeans

China is the world's top consumer and largest importer of soybeans used as human food and livestock feed. Since the 1980s, China's meat consumption has been growing despite this being an inefficient way of feeding the world's largest population. It diverts resources which can be used directly for human consumption. If the Chinese people were to maintain or expand their high consumption of soybean-based foods instead of switching to a meat-rich diet, greenhouse gas emissions would be reduced, and natural resource use improved. This chapter examines the trends in soy consumption and production in China and explores people's dietary preferences for soybeans, including concerns about the import of genetically modified soybeans. Without diverting soybeans to animal feed, the demand for them will decrease and will make China more self-sufficient. This study also provides educational guidance about the health benefits of plant-based foods and environmental damage associated with high consumption of animal-based products.

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