scholarly journals Satiety related to 24 h diet-induced thermogenesis during high protein/carbohydrate vs high fat diets measured in a respiration chamber

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Westerterp-Plantenga ◽  
V Rolland ◽  
SAJ Wilson ◽  
KR Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Respiration Chamber ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals A high-fat/high-protein, Atkins-type diet exacerbates Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in mice, whereas a high-carbohydrate diet protects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisabelle C. Mefferd ◽  
Shrikant S. Bhute ◽  
Jacqueline R. Phan ◽  
Jacob V. Villarama ◽  
Dung M. Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractClostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection (CDI) can result from the disruption of the resident gut microbiota. Western diets and popular weight-loss diets drive large changes in the gut microbiome; however, the literature is conflicted with regard to the effect of diet on CDI. Using the hypervirulent strain C. difficile R20291 (RT027) in a mouse model of antibiotic-induced CDI, we assessed disease outcome and microbial community dynamics in mice fed two high-fat diets in comparison with a high-carbohydrate diet and a standard rodent diet. The two high-fat diets exacerbated CDI, with a high-fat/high-protein, Atkins-like diet leading to severe CDI and 100% mortality, and a high-fat/low-protein, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-like diet inducing highly variable CDI outcomes. In contrast, mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet were protected from CDI, despite high refined carbohydrate and low fiber content. 28 members of the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased in abundance due to diet and/or antibiotic treatment; these organisms may compete with C. difficile for amino acids and protect healthy animals from CDI in the absence of antibiotics. Together, these data suggest that antibiotic treatment might lead to loss of C. difficile competitors and create a favorable environment for C. difficile proliferation and virulence that is intensified by high-fat/high-protein diets; in contrast, high-carbohydrate diets might be protective regardless of the source of carbohydrate.

scholarly journals Metabolic responses to high-fat diets rich in MUFAv. PUFA

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine R. Polley ◽  
Mary K. Miller ◽  
Mollie Johnson ◽  
Roger Vaughan ◽  
Chad M. Paton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Pufa Diet ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractDietary fatty acid (FA) composition may influence metabolism, possibly affecting weight management. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 5-d diet rich in PUFAv. MUFA. A total of fifteen normal-weight men participated in a randomised cross-over design with two feeding trials (3 d lead-in diet, pre-diet visit, 5-d PUFA- or MUFA-rich diet, post-diet visit). The 5-d diets (50 % fat) were rich in either PUFA (25 % of energy) or MUFA (25 % of energy). At pre- and post-diet visits, subjects consumed breakfast and lunch test meals, rich in the FA for that 5-d diet. Indirect calorimetry was used for 4 h after each meal. There were no treatment differences in fasting metabolism acutely or after the 5-d diet. For acute meal responses before diet, RER was higher for PUFAv. MUFA (0·86 (sem0·01)v. 0·84 (sem0·01),P<0·05), whereas diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) was lower for PUFAv. MUFA (18·91 (SEM1·46)v. 21·46 (SEM1·34) kJ,P<0·05). After the 5-d diets, the change in RER was different for PUFAv. MUFA (−0·02 (sem0·01)v. 0·00 (sem0·01),P<0·05). Similarly, the change in fat oxidation was greater for PUFAv. MUFA (0·18 (sem0·07)v. 0·04 (sem0·06) g,P<0·05). In conclusion, acutely, a MUFA-rich meal results in lower RER and greater DIT. However, after a 5-d high-fat diet, the change in metabolic responses was greater in the PUFA diet, showing the metabolic adaptability of a PUFA-rich diet.

Effects of long-term feeding of high-protein or high-fat diets on the response to exercise in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Satabin ◽  
B. Bois-Joyeux ◽  
M. Chanez ◽  
C. Y. Guezennec ◽  
J. Peret
Keyword(s):  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Response To Exercise

THE EFFECT OF DIETETIC AND GLYCEMIC FACTORS IN THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF WHITE RATS TO MOSQUITOES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
White Rats ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Fat Diets

White rats on high carbohydrate, high protein and high fat diets showed increased attractiveness to mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti L., in the order mentioned. This preference for rats on certain diets was shown by mosquitoes only on simultaneous exposures of all diet groups and was not noticed when various diet groups were individually exposed or the mosquitoes had been starved previously. The increased or decreased blood sugar levels did not affect the attractiveness of the rats to the mosquitoes. It appeared that certain residual factors were emitted by rats which attracted mosquitoes to an appreciable extent for [Formula: see text] hour.

scholarly journals A High-Fat/High-Protein, Atkins-Type Diet Exacerbates Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection in Mice, whereas a High-Carbohydrate Diet Protects

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisabelle C. Mefferd ◽  
Shrikant S. Bhute ◽  
Jacqueline R. Phan ◽  
Jacob V. Villarama ◽  
Dung M. Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection (CDI) can result from the disruption of the resident gut microbiota. Western diets and popular weight-loss diets drive large changes in the gut microbiome; however, the literature is conflicted with regard to the effect of diet on CDI. Using the hypervirulent strain C. difficile R20291 (RT027) in a mouse model of antibiotic-induced CDI, we assessed disease outcome and microbial community dynamics in mice fed two high-fat diets in comparison with a high-carbohydrate diet and a standard rodent diet. The two high-fat diets exacerbated CDI, with a high-fat/high-protein, Atkins-like diet leading to severe CDI and 100% mortality and a high-fat/low-protein, medium-chain-triglyceride (MCT)-like diet inducing highly variable CDI outcomes. In contrast, mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet were protected from CDI, despite the high levels of refined carbohydrate and low levels of fiber in the diet. A total of 28 members of the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased in abundance due to diet and/or antibiotic treatment; these organisms may compete with C. difficile for amino acids and protect healthy animals from CDI in the absence of antibiotics. Together, these data suggest that antibiotic treatment might lead to loss of C. difficile competitors and create a favorable environment for C. difficile proliferation and virulence with effects that are intensified by high-fat/high-protein diets; in contrast, high-carbohydrate diets might be protective regardless of the source of carbohydrate or of antibiotic-driven loss of C. difficile competitors. IMPORTANCE The role of Western and weight-loss diets with extreme macronutrient composition in the risk and progression of CDI is poorly understood. In a longitudinal study, we showed that a high-fat/high-protein, Atkins-type diet greatly exacerbated antibiotic-induced CDI, whereas a high-carbohydrate diet protected, despite the high monosaccharide and starch content. Our study results, therefore, suggest that popular high-fat/high-protein weight-loss diets may enhance CDI risk during antibiotic treatment, possibly due to the synergistic effects of a loss of the microorganisms that normally inhibit C. difficile overgrowth and an abundance of amino acids that promote C. difficile overgrowth. In contrast, a high-carbohydrate diet might be protective, despite reports on the recent evolution of enhanced carbohydrate metabolism in C. difficile.

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

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