scholarly journals Potential Use of Gene Transfer in Athletic Performance Enhancement

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Baoutina ◽  
Ian E Alexander ◽  
John EJ Rasko ◽  
Kerry R Emslie
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Potential Use

Methods of gene transfer and their potential use to modify milk composition

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wilmut ◽  
A.L. Archibald ◽  
S. Harris ◽  
M. McClenaghan ◽  
J.P. Simons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Potential Use

LAX-Score

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Woosub Jung ◽  
Amanda Watson ◽  
Scott Kuehn ◽  
Erik Korem ◽  
Ken Koltermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Division I ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Game Performance

For the past several decades, machine learning has played an important role in sports science with regard to player performance and result prediction. However, it is still challenging to quantify team-level game performance because there is no strong ground truth. Thus, a team cannot receive feedback in a standardized way. The aim of this study was twofold. First, we designed a metric called LAX-Score to quantify a collegiate lacrosse team's athletic performance. Next, we explored the relationship between our proposed metric and practice sensing features for performance enhancement. To derive the metric, we utilized feature selection and weighted regression. Then, the proposed metric was statistically validated on over 700 games from the last three seasons of NCAA Division I women's lacrosse. We also explored our biometric sensing dataset obtained from a collegiate team's athletes over the course of a season. We then identified the practice features that are most correlated with high-performance games. Our results indicate that LAX-Score provides insight into athletic performance beyond wins and losses. Moreover, though COVID-19 has stalled implementation, the collegiate team studied applied our feature outcomes to their practices, and the initial results look promising with regard to better performance.

scholarly journals Genome editing and selection based on genes associated with sports athletic performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-340
Author(s):  
Matea Zajc Petranović ◽  
Petra Korać ◽  
Nataša Jermen ◽  
Matija Mato Škerbić ◽  
Julija Erhardt
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
The Human Genome Project ◽  
Improved Methods

In 2003 the final results of the Human Genome Project revealed the details of our genome: a set of information about how human beings look, how we act, feel, think and develop. Soon after, other global collaborations such as the HapMap project and 1000 Genomes Project were conducted. Although the main focus was to investigate the variability in human populations and the possible connections of certain variations to different conditions and diseases, these projects also had a great impact on the understanding of the genetic influence on sports performance. In parallel, improved methods for gene analysis and gene editing were developed. Based on those methods, it became possible to detect candidate genes responsible for different performance phenotypes and develop protocols similar to gene therapies for performance enhancement in athletes. This review covers developments in genetics, the overview of candidate genes associated with athletic performance, and ethical dilemmas related to the modification of genome for sport performance enhancement.

scholarly journals In Vitro Gene Delivery Mediated by Asialofetuin-Appended Cationic Liposomes Associated with γ-Cyclodextrin into Hepatocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Motoyama ◽  
Yoshihiro Nakashima ◽  
Yukihiko Aramaki ◽  
Fumitoshi Hirayama ◽  
Kaneto Uekama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Cationic Liposomes ◽  
Nonviral Vector ◽  
Liposomal Membrane ◽  
Transfer Activity ◽  
Potential Use

The purpose of this study is to evaluate in vitro gene delivery mediated by asialofetuin-appended cationic liposomes (AF-liposomes) associating cyclodextrins (CyD/AF-liposomes) as a hepatocyte-selective nonviral vector. Of various CyDs, AF-liposomes associated with plasmid DNA (pDNA) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CyD) (pDNA/γ-CyD/AF-liposomes) showed the highest gene transfer activity in HepG2 cells without any significant cytotoxicity. In addition, γ-CyD enhanced the encapsulation ratio of pDNA with AF-liposomes, and also increased gene transfer activity as the entrapment ratio of pDNA into AF-liposomes was increased. γ-CyD stabilized the liposomal membrane of AF-liposomes and inhibited the release of calcein from AF-liposomes. The stabilizing effect of γ-CyD may be, at least in part, involved in the enhancing gene transfer activity of pDNA/γ-CyD/AF-liposomes. Therefore, these results suggest the potential use of γ-CyD for an enhancer of transfection efficiency of AF-liposomes.

One Year Follow-Up of Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) With Archers, Golfers, and Runners

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel W. Thompson ◽  
Keith A. Kaufman ◽  
Lilian A. De Petrillo ◽  
Carol R. Glass ◽  
Diane B. Arnkoff
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
One Year

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the long-term effects of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE), a program designed to improve athletic performance and psychological aspects of sport. One-year follow-up assessments were conducted on archers, golfers, and long-distance runners (N = 25) who attended Kaufman, Glass, and Arnkoff’s (2009) and De Petrillo, Kaufman, Glass, and Arnkoff’s (2009) MSPE workshops. Across the athlete groups, participants reported significant increases in the ability to act with awareness (an aspect of trait mindfulness) and overall trait mindfulness from pretest to follow-up, along with significant decreases in task-related worries and task-irrelevant thoughts (both aspects of cognitive interference during sport). The long-distance runners exhibited significant improvement in their mile times from pretest to follow-up, with significant correlations between change in runners’ performance and trait variables. Results suggest that MSPE is a promising intervention associated with long-term changes in trait variables that may contribute to optimal athletic performance.

scholarly journals ADHD Prescription Medications and Their Effect on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Berezanskaya ◽  
William Cade ◽  
Thomas M. Best ◽  
Kristopher Paultre ◽  
Carolyn Kienstra
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Stimulant Medications ◽  
Adhd Medications

Abstract Background Stimulant medications used for the treatment of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are believed to provide a physical advantage in athletics, but several of these medications are not regulated by the World Anti-Doping Association. Given the prevalence of ADHD among the athlete population and concern for abuse of ADHD medications, this review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate effects of ADHD medications on athletic performance, thereby appraising the validity of claims of performance enhancement. Methods A search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Review databases was performed for all randomized controlled trials evaluating athletic performance after ingestion of placebo or ADHD treatment medications from August 2020 through November 2020. All RCTs identified from these search criteria were included for screening, with exclusion of any animal studies. Two reviewers (JB, CK) assessed methodological quality and risk of bias using CONSORT 2010 and Cochrane Collaboration tools. Study results were compiled with corresponding p values for each finding. Effect sizes (Cohen’s D) for athletic performance and physiological changes were aggregated for each study. Studies were further screened for homogeneity that would allow for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was calculated using I2. Results A total of 13,033 abstracts evaluating amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, and bupropion were screened. The final analysis included nine studies, six of which found significant improvement in athletic performance with use of stimulant medications (p < 0.05). Methylphenidate and amphetamine were consistently identified to have a performance effect. Secondary effects identified included significant increase in heart rate, core temperature, and elevation of various serum hormone levels (p < 0.05). Effect size evaluation found seven studies demonstrating small to large effects on physical performance, as well as in categories of cardiometabolic, temperature, hormone, and ratings of perceived exertion, to varying degrees. A meta-analysis was performed on two studies, demonstrating conflicting results. Conclusions Dopaminergic/noradrenergic agonist medications appear to have a positive effect on athletic performance, as well as effects on physiological parameters. Further consideration of medications currently not regulated, i.e. bupropion, is warranted given evidence of athletic performance enhancement. PROSPERO trial registration number: CRD42020211062; 10/29/2020 retrospectively registered.

The Digital Ecology of Elite Sports

Sport 2.0 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Miah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The World ◽  
Elite Sports ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

This chapter considers how digital technology has altered the world of elite athletic performance and what this means for the future of sports. It explores how digital technology has become a pervasive—and legal—form of performance enhancement, along with having become a ubiquitous presence in an athlete’s life. It discusses how digital technologies have altered training methods and how they transform the fairness of sports, while also considering how this has influenced the work of those officials who oversee the smooth running of sports. Moreover, it discusses how knowledge arising from digitization is shaping an athlete’s experience of sport, which includes their presence within social media. The chapter also argues for the virtualization of physicality within a range of sport forms, both elite and non-elite.

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