scholarly journals Cassava foliage affects the microbial diversity of Chinese indigenous geese caecum using 16S rRNA sequencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Li ◽  
Hanlin Zhou ◽  
Xiangyu Pan ◽  
Tieshan Xu ◽  
Zhenwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Geese are extremely adept in utilizing plant-derived roughage within their diet. However, the intestinal microbiome of geese remains limited, especially the dietary effect on microbial diversity. Cassava foliage was widely used in animal feed, but little information is available for geese. In this study, the geese were fed with control diet (CK), experimental diet supplemented with 5% cassava foliage (CF5) or 10% (CF10) for 42 days, respectively. The cecal samples were collected after animals were killed. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the microbial diversity in the caecum of geese with different dietary supplements. Taxonomic analysis indicated that the predominant phyla were distinct with different dietary treatments. The phyla Firmicutes (51.4%), Bacteroidetes (29.55%) and Proteobacteria (7.90%) were dominant in the CK group, but Bacteroidetes (65.19% and 67.29%,) Firmicutes (18.01% and 17.39%), Proteobacteria (8.72% and 10.18%), Synergistete (2.51% and 1.76%) and Spirochaetes (2.60% and 1.46%) were dominant in CF5 and CF10 groups. The abundance of Firmicutes was negatively correlated with the supplementation of cassava foliage. However, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with the supplementation of cassava foliage. Our study also revealed that the microbial communities were significantly different at genus levels. Genes related to nutrient and energy metabolism, immunity and signal transduction pathways were primarily enriched by the microbiome.

scholarly journals Analysis of Microbial Diversity and Variation Law During Xiaoqu Baijiu Fermentation using High-throughput Sequencing Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Xiang ◽  
PengFei Wu ◽  
Guoqiang Han
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Brewing Process ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
Brewing Time

Abstract In this study, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used to compare and analyze the microbial diversity and variation law during the brewing process of xiaoqu Baijiu. The results showed that 34 phyla, 378 genera of bacteria and 4 phyla, 32 genera of fungi were detected. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Ascomycota and Bacteroidetes were the dominant groups. During the brewing process of xiaoqu Baijiu, the dominant bacteria were Weissella and unidentified Rickettsiales 2 days before brewing and Lactobacillus 3 days after brewing until the end of brewing. The dominant fungi were Rhizopus, Saccharomyces and Issatchenkia. The relative abundance of Rhizopus decreased with the extension of brewing time, while the relative abundance of Saccharomyces increased and became the dominant bacteria after the second day of brewing. This study revealed the diversity and variation of microbial community in the brewing process of xiaoqu Baijiu, and provide theoretical support and lay the foundation for future study on the contribution of microbial metabolism during brewing of xiaoqu Baijiu, thereby promote the development of xiaoqu baijiu industry.

scholarly journals The underestimation of global microbial diversity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay T Lennon ◽  
Kenneth J Locey
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Recent Commentary ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
Over Time

In a recent commentary, Amann and Rosselló-Mórab summarize how the census of Bacteria and Archaea has changed over time (1). For decades, the number of recognized microbial taxa was underestimated owing to limitations associated with culture-based methods and the rules of nomenclature. The authors describe a "quantum leap" in the estimates of global microbial diversity following advances in high-throughput sequencing technology. Despite this, Amann and Rosselló-Mórab project that a complete census of microbial diversity will be reached within a few years culminating in the lower millions of taxa (1). While perhaps attractively optimistic to some, this presumption is misleading for the following reasons.

scholarly journals Early-life intestinal microbiome in Trachemys scripta elegans analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Peng ◽  
Yahui Chen ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Zimiao Zhao ◽  
Peiyu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Early Life ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Different Growth Stages

During the early-life period, the hatchlings of red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) rely on their own post-hatching internal yolk for several days before beginning to feed. The gut microbiome is critical for the adaptation of organisms to new environments, but, to date, how the microbiome taxa are assembled during early life of the turtle is unknown. In this study, the intestinal microbiome of red-eared slider hatchlings (fed on commercial particle food) was systematically analyzed at four different growth stages (0 d, 10 d, 20 d, 30 d) by a high-throughput sequencing approach. Results showed that the dominant phyla were Firmicutes (58.23%) and Proteobacteria (41.42%) at 0-day, Firmicutes (92.94%) at 10-day, Firmicutes (67.08%) and Bacteroidetes (27.17%) at 20-day, and Firmicutes (56.46%), Bacteroidetes (22.55%) and Proteobacteria (20.66%) at 30-day post-hatching. Members of the Bacteroidaceae family were absent in 0-day and 10-day turtles, but dominated in 20-day and 30-day turtles. The abundance of Clostridium also showed the highest value in 10-day turtles. The richness of the intestinal microbiomes was lower at 0-day and 30-day than that at 10-day and 20-day, while the diversity was higher at 10-day and 30-day than that at 0-day and 20-day. The results endowed the turtles with an ability to enhance their tolerance to the environment.

scholarly journals The underestimation of global microbial diversity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay T Lennon ◽  
Kenneth J Locey
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Recent Commentary ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
Over Time

In a recent commentary, Amann and Rosselló-Mórab summarize how the census of Bacteria and Archaea has changed over time (1). For decades, the number of recognized microbial taxa was underestimated owing to limitations associated with culture-based methods and the rules of nomenclature. The authors describe a "quantum leap" in the estimates of global microbial diversity following advances in high-throughput sequencing technology. Despite this, Amann and Rosselló-Mórab project that a complete census of microbial diversity will be reached within a few years culminating in the lower millions of taxa (1). While perhaps attractively optimistic to some, this presumption is misleading for the following reasons.

The effect of dietary level of soybean oil and palm oil on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and postprandial flow patterns of chromic oxide and amino acids in pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Albin ◽  
M. R. Smiricky ◽  
J. E. Wubben ◽  
V. M. Gabert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Sampling Times

A study was conducted to evaluate the apparent ileal digestibilities of amino acids in pigs (initial weight 78 kg) fed diets supplemented with either soybean or palm oil, at either 100 or 200 g kg–1 diet. A control diet with no added fat was also evaluated. All diets contained 5 g chromic oxide kg–1. The pigs were surgically fitted with a simple T cannula at the distal ileum, and were allowed to adapt to each experimental diet for 5 d. This was followed by 1 d of continuous collection of ileal digesta between feedings, and a second day of continuous collection separated into six 2-h postprandial time blocks to determine postprandial flow patterns of chromic oxide and amino acids. The apparent ileal leucine and arginine digestibilities were improved (P < 0.05) by 3.8 and 3.6%, respectively, with 200 g soybean oil kg–1 diet. Linear improvements (P < 0.05) were found in the apparent ileal digestibilities of serine, histidine, arginine, tyrosine, and leucine when 100 and 200 g soybean oil kg–1 diet were supplemented to the control diet, and for serine, histidine, arginine, and phenylalanine with the addition of 100 and 200 g palm oil kg–1 diet. Quadratic responses (P < 0.05) were found in the apparent ileal digestibilities of isoleucine and leucine with the addition of 100 and 200 g palm oil kg–1 diet. The postprandial flow patterns of chromic oxide and amino acids were very stable despite the different dietary treatments. Also, amino acid digestibility coefficients determined at different postprandial sampling times had low variability. In conclusion, the addition of high levels of soybean and palm oil to a semipurified swine diet increased the apparent ileal digestibilities of some amino acids. Also, the two fat sources affected some apparent ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients differently. Key words: Pigs, ileal, amino acid digestibility, fat, postprandial flow patterns

Interaction effects of dietary ginger Zingiber officinale and yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on performance, carcass yield and gut micro flora of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
W. A. Olayemi ◽  
L. A. Rabiu ◽  
A. O. Akapo ◽  
O. A. Oso ◽  
T. Ogunleye
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Consumer concern for drug residues in meat and eggs as well as ban imposed on the use of antibiotics in animal feed as growth promoter call for alternative search. A 56days feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of ginger inclusion with and without yeast supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, gut micro flora of broiler chickens. A total of One hundred and eighty day, one old Arbor acre broiler chicks wereallotted on weight equalization basis to 6 dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangements (3 levels of ginger (0%, 4% and 5%) with and without yeast (0%, 1% levels). The treatments were replicated thrice with ten birds per replicate. Feed and water were provided ad- libtum. Performance showed that birds on combination (5% ginger and 1% yeast) recorded highest weight (1527g) with better feed conversion while least weight (1202g) and least feed conversion were recorded with birds on ginger only. Highest eviscerated weight (1362.50g) and dressing percentage (72.79%) were recorded in broiler chicks on 1%Yeast + 5% Ginger while least values (1087.50g, 62.39%) were recorded with birds on yeast only. Total bacteria count increased from 1.20 x106cfu/ml (control) to 1.70 x106cfu/ml in diets supplemented 1% yeast and 5% ginger as well as Lactobacillus count increased with supplementation level Total anaerobic count decreased from1.10 x106cfu/ml in control diet to 0.68 x106cfu/ml in birds fed1% yeast and 5% ginger likewise coliform, clostridium and bacillus counts decreased with the additives (yeast and ginger) inclusion. It can be concluded that inclusion of ginger and yeast at 5% and 1% respectively in the diets improved performance and reduced pathogenic biota without detrimental effects in broiler chickens and might therefore serve as a natural substitute for synthetic growth promoters.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Meats of the Indonesian Indigenous Crossbred Chickens Fed Fermented Mixture of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf and Seed Meal

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of this present study was to investigate the effect of feeding fermented mixture of papaya leaf and seed meal (FERM) on the physical and chemical characteristics of meats of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chicken (IICC). The study was carried out with 300 day-old IICC. The chicks were randomly distributed to five treatment groups, i.e., CONT (control diet based on corn-soybean- diet), FERMA (diet containing 1% FERM), FERMB (2.5% FERM), FERMC (5% FERM) and FERMD (7.5% FERM). Each treatment group consisted of 6 replicates with 10 IICC in each. At week 8, one chick from each replicate was randomly taken and slaughtered. After being de-feathered and eviscerated, samples from breast and thigh meats were obtained. Results showed that the increased levels of FERM was followed by the increased (P<0.05) pH values, moisture and crude protein content of breast meats of the IICC. Dietary incorporation of FERM especially at the level of 2.5% increased (P<0.05) the content of fat in the breast meat of IICC, while further increased levels of FERM did not alter (P>0.05) the fat content of the IICC breast meat. Dietary treatment did not have any effect (P>0.05) on the lightness (L*) values of breast meat of the IICC. The redness (a*) values were higher (P<0.05) in FERMD breast meat than other. FERM diet resulted in lower (P<0.05) yellowness (b*) values in the IICC breast meat. The pH values and moisture content of thigh meat increased (P<0.05) with the increased level of FERM. The WHC decreased (P<0.05) with the elevated levels of FERM in the diets. There was an increase (P<0.05) in crude protein concentration in FERMA as compared to the other meats. Crude fat and ash concentrations in thigh meat were affected (P<0.05) by the treatments. Dietary treatments had no impact (P>0.05) on L* values of thigh meats. Feeding FERM at 7.5% from diets increased (P<0.05) and decreased (P<0.05) the redness and yellowness of meats. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of FERM especially at the level of 7.5% from diets improved the physical and chemical characteristics of the IICC meats.

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