Chapter 7. Environmental Pollutants and Heart Failure

2010 ◽  
pp. 177-197
Author(s):  
S. D. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Environmental Pollutants

scholarly journals Heart Failure and PAHs, OHPAHs, and Trace Elements Levels in Human Serum: Results from a Preliminary Pilot Study in Greek Population and the Possible Impact of Air Pollution

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3207
Author(s):  
Eirini Chrysochou ◽  
Panagiotis Georgios Kanellopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos G. Koukoulakis ◽  
Aikaterini Sakellari ◽  
Sotirios Karavoltsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with environmental pollutants. The scope of this study is to assess any potential relation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their hydroxylated derivatives, and trace elements with heart failure via their direct determination in human serum of Greek citizens residing in different areas. Therefore, we analyzed 131 samples including cases (heart failure patients) and controls (healthy donors), and the respective demographic data were collected. Significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) were observed in cases’ serum regarding most of the examined PAHs and their derivatives with phenanthrene, fluorene, and fluoranthene being the most abundant (median of >50 μg L−1). Among the examined trace elements, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb were measured at statistically higher concentrations (p < 0.05) in cases’ samples, with only Cr being significantly higher in controls. The potential impact of environmental factors such as smoking and area of residence has been evaluated. Specific PAHs and trace elements could be possibly related with heart failure development. Atmospheric degradation and smoking habit appeared to have a significant impact on the analytes’ serum concentrations. PCA–logistic regression analysis could possibly reveal common mechanisms among the analytes enhancing the hypothesis that they may pose a significant risk for CVD development.

Heart failure can affect everyone: the ESC Geoffrey Rose lecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1298-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Sliwa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
The World ◽  
Sick Population

Abstract The principle of ‘sick individuals vs. sick population’, a concept pioneered by Geoffrey Rose 35 years ago, is particularly applicable to heart failure (HF). This perspective article summarizes and expands on the Geoffrey Rose lecture given at the European Society of Cardiology meeting held in conjunction with the World Congress of Cardiology, in Paris, 2019. This article focuses on the fact that, clearly, HF not only affects a large spectrum of the population globally, but it occurs in all ages and equally in both genders. Heart failure, in most parts of the world, is clearly not a disease of the elderly. There are multiple and complex pathways leading to HF which include various risk factors (including communicable diseases and exposure to indoor and environmental pollutants), poverty and overcrowding, as well as sub-optimal access to health care systems due to socioeconomic inequities. Reflecting on Geoffrey Rose’s concept 35 years later motivates us to confront our global responsibility to address the population distribution of risk factors more effectively, instead of focusing solely on interventions that target high-risk individuals.

Mitochondria in Cardiomyopathy: Alterations in Size, Number and Internal Structures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
George Hug ◽  
William K. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Myocardial Fibers ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Needle Liver Biopsy

A white boy six months of age was hospitalized with respiratory distress and congestive heart failure. Control of the heart failure was achieved but marked cardiomegaly, moderate hepatomegaly, and minimal muscular weakness persisted.At birth a chest x-ray had been taken because of rapid breathing and jaundice and showed the heart to be of normal size. Clinical studies included: EKG which showed biventricular hypertrophy, needle liver biopsy which showed toxic hepatitis, and cardiac catheterization which showed no obstruction to left ventricular outflow. Liver and muscle biopsies revealed no biochemical or histological evidence of type II glycogexiosis (Pompe's disease). At thoracotomy, 14 milligrams of left ventricular muscle were removed. Total phosphorylase activity in the biopsy specimen was normal by biochemical analysis as was the degree of phosphorylase activation. By light microscopy, vacuoles and fine granules were seen in practically all myocardial fibers. The fibers were not hypertrophic. The endocardium was not thickened excluding endocardial fibroelastosis. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of idiopathic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy was made.

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

Localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the normal and failing human atrial myocardium

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 786-787
Author(s):  
Chi-Ming Wei ◽  
Margarita Bracamonte ◽  
Shi-Wen Jiang ◽  
Richard C. Daly ◽  
Christopher G.A. McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
End Stage Heart Failure ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent endothelium-derived relaxing factor which also may modulate cardiomyocyte inotropism and growth via increasing cGMP. While endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) isoforms have been detected in non-human mammalian tissues, expression and localization of eNOS in the normal and failing human myocardium are poorly defined. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate eNOS in human cardiac tissues in the presence and absence of congestive heart failure (CHF).Normal and failing atrial tissue were obtained from six cardiac donors and six end-stage heart failure patients undergoing primary cardiac transplantation. ENOS protein expression and localization was investigated utilizing Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining with the polyclonal rabbit antibody to eNOS (Transduction Laboratories, Lexington, Kentucky).

Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Masooma Naseem ◽  
Javeria Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

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