IR spectroscopy of physical and chemical transformations in cold hydrogen chloride and ammonia aerosols

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (36) ◽  
pp. 7853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan G. Robertson ◽  
Chris Medcraft ◽  
Ljiljana Puskar ◽  
Rudolf Tuckermann ◽  
Chris D. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Transformation "Insulator-Conductor" after Laser Irradiation of the Polymer Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Jimsher N. Aneli ◽  
Elena F. Semiletova ◽  
Nana V. Bakradze ◽  
Teimuraz N. Dumbadze
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Irradiation Energy ◽  
Electrical Conducting ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Paramagnetic Properties

Abstract: Formation of electrical conducting channels with paramagnetic properties on the surface of three type polymer plates (phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins, polyacrylonitrile) under influence of CO2 laser irradiation at the presence of air have been studied. It is shown that the magnitude of surface resistance of the investigated polymers depends on polymer type and irradiation energy. The appearance of electrical conducting regions in the polymer materials is due to laser-chemical transformations of macromolecular physical and chemical structures near the polymer plate surfaces, leading to formation of double conjugated bonds. These structures are characterized also with paramagnetic properties- by method of ESR the free radicals are discovered in the transformed regions of polymers. The obtained results practically are analogous to ones obtained in such polymers after thermal treatment at high temperatures. However there are some advantages: in the latter case for obtaining of conducting materials on the base of dielectric polymers it is necessary to use a high vacuum. Besides of such method does not allow the formation of conducting channels with desired square and configuration on the surface of polymer plates in very short time (about several seconds) at present of air.

The properties and behavior of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol particles exposed to ammonia under dry conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 6497-6507 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Bell ◽  
Dan Imre ◽  
Scot T. Martin ◽  
Alla Zelenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Chemical transformations and aging of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can alter their physical and chemical properties, including particle morphology.

Universal Approach for Determination of Physical and Chemical Properties of Water by Near-IR Spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1720-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Lin ◽  
Chris W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Near-IR spectroscopy has been investigated as a universal approach for determination of physical and chemical properties of water and their functions of temperature. Principal component regression and multilinear regression models were used to correlate the spectra with the properties of water at temperatures between 5 and 65°C. Fifteen properties of water were investigated including density, refractive index, dielectric constant, relative viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, sound velocity, isothermal compressibility, thermal expansivity, thermal capacity, thermal conductivity, enthalpy, free energy, entropy, and ionization constant. Very good correlations were found between the near-IR predicted values of all the properties and those obtained by the traditional methods. This investigation demonstrates that these fifteen properties of water can be simultaneously determined simply by measuring a set of near-IR spectra of water, and, thus, near-IR spectroscopy can be used as a universal method for the determinations of physical and chemical properties of water. Remote sensing of the properties can be performed with the use of a fiber-optic sensor.

Electrical Porcelain Containing Ornamental Rock Waste: Microstructural Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Silva ◽  
J.N.F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electrical Porcelain ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminous Porcelain ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aluminous electrical porcelains are used in the production of materials of high voltage insulators. The microstructure plays an important role in the performance of electrical porcelain. On the other hand, the porcelain materials undergo a series of physical and chemical transformations during firing. This makes the understanding of their microstructures rather complex. In this work was studied the microstructural development of electrical porcelain containing up to 35 wt.% of ornamental rock waste. The pieces ceramics were pressed at 50 MPa and sintered at 1300 °C. The porcelain pieces were characterized via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the presence of the ornamental rock waste influenced the microstructural development of the pieces of electrical aluminous porcelain.

scholarly journals Understanding Concomitant Physical and Chemical Transformations of Simvastatin During Dry Ball Milling

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dattatray Modhave ◽  
Isha Saraf ◽  
Anjali Karn ◽  
Amrit Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Formation of Chemical Elements under Superdeep Penetration of Lead Microparticles in Ferrous Target

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy V. Sobolev ◽  
S.M. Usherenko
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Wave Treatment ◽  
Simultaneous Development ◽  
Superdeep Penetration ◽  
Shock Wave Treatment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The results of experimental research of physical and chemical transformations in a ferrous target, caused by intensive deformation mobility of its structural elements for times of shock-wave treatment (∼10–3 sec), at simultaneous development of process of superdeep penetration of lead microparticles are represented.

Development of Defining Equations for the Mathematical Theory of Concrete Corrosion Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Moving Boundaries ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Dissolution Reaction ◽  
Concrete Layer ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Active Substances

The fundamental difference of the developed defining equations is that they consider the dual system of porosity and kinetic laws of physical and chemical transformations to describe individual stages of corrosion processes. The dual porosity system comprises through capillaries (pores) of the longitudinal direction and adjacent capillaries of the transverse direction. During the reagent mass transfer in through capillaries (pores) there takes place their transfer to transverse ones, in which we can observe the neutralization (dissolution) reaction of chemically active substances in solid phase with the formation of the moving boundaries. The binding and release rate in case of leaching are determined from the respective boundary value problems and are similar in structure. In defining equations, all parameters are reduced to two generalized ones. Their values for forecasting the technical condition of operating structures are to be determined on the basis of concentration distribution of the aggressive component in concrete layer depth in the above-specified structures.

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