An eco-friendly wood adhesive from soy protein and lignin: performance properties

Bio-based adhesives have low water resistance and they are less durable than synthetic adhesives, which limits their exterior applications. In this study, a bio adhesive was developed from soybean meal and larch tannin that was designed for exterior use. Phenol hydroxymethylated tannin oligomer (PHTO) was synthesized and then mixed with soybean meal flour in order to obtain a soybean meal-based adhesive (SPA). The results showed that the moisture absorption rate, residual rate, and solid content of SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (mass ratio with respect to the entire adhesive) were improved by 22.8%, 11.6%, and 6.8%, respectively, as compared with that of pure SPA. The wet shear strength of plywood with SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (boiling in 100 °C water for 3 h) was 1.04 MPa when compared with 0 MPa of pure SPA. This met the bond strength requirement of exterior-use plywood (GB/T 9846.3-2004). This improved adhesive performance was mainly due to the formation of a crosslinked structure between the PHTO and the protein and also PHTO self-crosslinking. The formaldehyde emission of the resulting plywood was the same as that of solid wood. The PHTO-modified SPA can potentially extend the applications of SPAs from interior to exterior plywood.

Download Full-text

Preparation and Properties of the Urea-Formaldehyde Res-In/Reactive Halloysite Nanocomposites Adhesive with Low-Formaldehyde Emission and Good Water Resistance

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2224

Author(s):

Jingbiao Song ◽

Shiwei Chen ◽

Xibin Yi ◽

Xinfu Zhao ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Resistance ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Chemical Interaction ◽

Low Cost ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Formaldehyde Emission ◽

Wood Adhesive ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Sem Images

Low-cost urea formaldehyde resin (UF)/reactive halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposite adhesive was prepared successfully via in situ polymerization. The HNTs were modified to improve its compatibility with polymer. The XRD and FTIR results showed that physical and chemical interaction between the HNTs and polymer resin influenced the structure of UF owing to the functional groups on the HNTs. It is found from SEM images that the modified HNTs could be dispersed uniformly in the resin and the nanocomposite particles were spherical. The performance experiment confirmed that thermal stability of nanocomposite increased largely, formaldehyde emission of UF wood adhesive reduced 62%, and water resistance of UF wood adhesive improved by 84%. Meanwhile, the content of HNTs on the nanocomposites could be up to 60 wt %. The mechanism of the nanocomposites based on the reactive HNTs was proposed. The approach of the preparation could supply an idea to prepare other polymer/clay nanocomposites.

Download Full-text

A sepiolite-based united cross-linked network in a soybean meal-based wood adhesive and its performance

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra08138j ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (51) ◽

pp. 45158-45165 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Xiaona Li ◽

Jianlin Luo ◽

Qiang Gao ◽

Jianzhang Li

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Wood Adhesive

In this study, the sepiolite was initially treated with KH-560 and then introduced into the soybean meal/triglycidylamine adhesive system to form a united cross-linked network to improve the water resistance of the resultant adhesive.

Download Full-text

Perm‐Inspired High‐Performance Soy Protein Isolate and Chicken Feather Keratin‐Based Wood Adhesive without External Crosslinker

Macromolecular Materials and Engineering ◽

10.1002/mame.202100498 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2100498

Author(s):

Xiaona Li ◽

Ying Zhou ◽

Jiongjiong Li ◽

Kuang Li ◽

Jianzhang Li

Keyword(s):

Soy Protein ◽

High Performance ◽

Soy Protein Isolate ◽

Wood Adhesive ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Chicken Feather ◽

Feather Keratin

Download Full-text

Rheology and Water Absorption Properties of Alginate–Soy Protein Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13111807 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1807

Author(s):

Estefanía Álvarez-Castillo ◽

José Manuel Aguilar ◽

Carlos Bengoechea ◽

María Luisa López-Castejón ◽

Antonio Guerrero

Keyword(s):

Soy Protein ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Divalent Cations ◽

Low Cost ◽

Soy Protein Isolate ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Guluronic Acid ◽

Wide Range ◽

Anionic Polysaccharides ◽

Porous Matrices

Composite materials based on proteins and carbohydrates normally offer improved water solubility, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, which make them attractive for a wide range of applications. Soy protein isolate (SPI) has shown superabsorbent properties that are useful in fields such as agriculture. Alginate salts (ALG) are linear anionic polysaccharides obtained at a low cost from brown algae, displaying a good enough biocompatibility to be considered for medical applications. As alginates are quite hydrophilic, the exchange of ions from guluronic acid present in its molecular structure with divalent cations, particularly Ca2+, may induce its gelation, which would inhibit its solubilization in water. Both biopolymers SPI and ALG were used to produce composites through injection moulding using glycerol (Gly) as a plasticizer. Different biopolymer/plasticizer ratios were employed, and the SPI/ALG ratio within the biopolymer fraction was also varied. Furthermore, composites were immersed in different CaCl2 solutions to inhibit the amount of soluble matter loss and to enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting porous matrices. The main goal of the present work was the development and characterization of green porous matrices with inhibited solubility thanks to the gelation of alginate.

Download Full-text

A Very Low CP Level Reduced Diarrhoea and Productivity in Weaner Pigs, but No Differences between Post-Weaning Diets Including Soybean Meal or Soy Protein Concentrate Were Found

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Julie C. Lynegaard ◽

Niels J. Kjeldsen ◽

Julie K. Bache ◽

Nicolai R. Weber ◽

Christian F. Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soy Protein ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Soy Protein Concentrate ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

And Performance

Soy protein concentrate improves nutrient utilization and growth performance compared to soybean meal, and diets with a low crude protein (CP) level decreases diarrhoea. The objectives were to (1) test a low CP diet based on different soy products, and (2) to test a very-low CP diet (15.1%) with amino acids (AA) on diarrhoea and productivity. A total of 5,635 weaned pigs (~28 days), were assigned to five dietary treatments; PC (positive control): Standard CP levels (192, 189, 191 g/kg CP) with 2500 ppm ZnO; NC (negative control): Same as PC without ZnO; SP (Soy protein concentrate): Low CP levels (176, 174, 191 g/kg CP); SB (Soybean meal): Low CP levels (177, 176, 191 g/kg CP); and XLA (X-low CP + AA): Very low CP levels (154, 151, 191 g/kg CP) with AA. The PC and XLA diets reduced diarrhoea by 41 and 61%, respectively, compared to the NC group, while no difference between SB and SP were observed. The XLA diet reduced feed intake and daily gain compared with PC and NC, where SP, SB, and XLA had a poorer feed conversion compared with PC. Conclusively, the SP and SB low-protein diets did not reduce diarrhoea or growth performance, whereas the XLA diet decreased both diarrhoea and performance.

Download Full-text