All-natural and highly flame-resistant freeze-cast foams based on phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils

Hydrophilic behaviour of carrageenan macroalgae biopolymer, due to hydroxyl groups, has limited its applications, especially for packaging. In this study, macroalgae were reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) isolated from kenaf bast fibres. The macroalgae CNF film was after that treated with silane for hydrophobicity enhancement. The wettability and functional properties of unmodified macroalgae CNF films were compared with silane-modified macroalgae CNF films. Characterisation of the unmodified and modified biopolymers films was investigated. The atomic force microscope (AFM), SEM morphology, tensile properties, water contact angle, and thermal behaviour of the biofilms showed that the incorporation of Kenaf bast CNF remarkably increased the strength, moisture resistance, and thermal stability of the macroalgae biopolymer films. Moreover, the films’ modification using a silane coupling agent further enhanced the strength and thermal stability of the films apart from improved water-resistance of the biopolymer films compared to unmodified films. The morphology and AFM showed good interfacial interaction of the components of the biopolymer films. The modified biopolymer films exhibited significantly improved hydrophobic properties compared to the unmodified films due to the enhanced dispersion resulting from the silane treatment. The improved biopolymer films can potentially be utilised as packaging materials.

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Cellulose Nanofibrils Filled Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposite Filament for FDM 3D Printing

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25102319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 2319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qianqian Wang ◽

Chencheng Ji ◽

Lushan Sun ◽

Jianzhong Sun ◽

Jun Liu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

3D Printing ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Matrix ◽

Direct Digital Manufacturing

As direct digital manufacturing, 3D printing (3DP) technology provides new development directions and opportunities for the high-value utilization of a wide range of biological materials. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposite filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3DP were developed in this study. Firstly, CNF was isolated by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with high-pressure homogenization. CNF/PLA filaments were then prepared by melt-extrusion of PLA as the matrix and CNF as the filler. Thermal stability, mechanical performance, and water absorption property of biocomposite filaments and 3D-printed objects were analyzed. Findings showed that CNF increased the thermal stability of the PLA/PEG600/CNF composite. Compared to unfilled PLA FDM filaments, the CNF filled PLA biocomposite filament showed an increase of 33% in tensile strength and 19% in elongation at break, suggesting better compatibility for desktop FDM 3DP. This study provided a new potential for the high-value utilization of CNF in 3DP in consumer product applications.

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Improving salt tolerance and thermal stability of cellulose nanofibrils by grafting modification

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 211 ◽

pp. 257-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Xiongli Liu ◽

Yangbing Wen ◽

Jialei Qu ◽

Xin Geng ◽

Bin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Grafting Modification ◽

Thermal Stability Of

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Effect of lignin on the thermal stability of cellulose nanofibrils produced from bagasse pulp

Cellulose ◽

10.1007/s10570-019-02657-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (13-14) ◽

pp. 7823-7835 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ni Zhang ◽

Peng Tao ◽

Yanxv Lu ◽

Shuangxi Nie

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Bagasse Pulp

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Preparation and characterization of lignin-containing nanofibrillated cellulose

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.3.4689-4698 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 4689-4698

Author(s):

Tianqing Lan ◽

Haoran Liu ◽

Hui Li ◽

Yuyue Qin ◽

Guojun Yue

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽

High Pressure Homogenization ◽

Water Contact ◽

X Ray ◽

Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer ◽

Uniform Dispersion ◽

Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse

Lignin-containing nanofibrillated cellulose (LNFC) were prepared from p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) using either formic acid (FA) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) and high-pressure homogenization. The composition, morphology, dispersity, crystallinity, particle size, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity of LNFC treated with FA (F- LNFC) and HCl (H- LNFC) were compared via electron microscopy, an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), a Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), and water contact angle (WCA) analysis. The results of morphology and dispersity testing showed that LNFC with uniform dispersion were successfully prepared using a homogeneous pressure of 30 MPa and the F- LNFC particles were more stable in an aqueous solution. The crystallinity of the LNFC was well maintained after homogenization. The TGA, FTIR, and WCA data indicated that F-LNFC had better thermal stability and were more hydrophobic than H-LNFC because FA could esterify cellulose. Improved dispersity and thermal stability and increased crystallinity and hydrophobicity of cellulose nanofibrils would enhance the performance of nanocomposite materials.

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Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposite Films Containing Nano-Aluminum Nitride and Cellulose Nanofibrils

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9081121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shuangxi Nie ◽

Yuehua Zhang ◽

Linmao Wang ◽

Qin Wu ◽

Shuangfei Wang

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Aluminum Nitride ◽

High Performance ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Crystal Form ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Substrate Material ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Sodium Chlorite

Nanocomposites consisting of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nano-aluminum nitride (AlN) were prepared using a simple vacuum-assisted filtration process. Bleached sugarcane bagasse pulp was treated with potassium hydroxide and sodium chlorite, and was subsequently ultra-finely ground and homogenized to obtain CNFs. Film nanocomposites were prepared by mixing CNFs with various AlN amounts (0–20 wt.%). X-ray diffraction revealed that the crystal form of CNF-AlN nanocomposites was different to those of pure CNFs and AlN. The mechanical performance and thermal stability of the CNF-AlN nanocomposites were evaluated through mechanical tests and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results showed that the CNF-AlN nanocomposites exhibited excellent mechanical and thermal stability, and represented a green renewable substrate material. This type of nanocomposite could present great potential for replacing traditional polymer substrates, and could provide creative opportunities for designing and fabricating high-performance portable electronics in the near future.

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Structure-Property Relationships in Hybrid Cellulose Nanofibrils/Nafion-Based Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12081269 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1269 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Colin Noonan ◽

Mehdi Tajvidi ◽

Ali H. Tayeb ◽

Mohsen Shahinpoor ◽

Seyed Ehsan Tabatabaie

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Casting Process ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Structure Property ◽

Metal Composites ◽

Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ◽

Ionic Polymer ◽

Polymer Metal

Herein, we report the production of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) hybridized with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) as a partial substitute for Nafion®. The aim is not only to reduce the production cost and enhance respective mechanical/thermal properties but also to bestow a considerable degree of biodegradability to such products. Formulations with different CNF/Nafion® ratios were produced in a thin-film casting process. Crack-free films were air-dried and plated by platinum (Pt) through an oxidation-reduction reaction. The produced hybrids were analyzed in terms of thermal stability, mechanical and morphological aspects to examine their performance compared to the Nafion-based IPMC prior to plating process. Results indicated that films with higher CNF loadings had improved tensile strengths and elastic moduli but reduced ductility. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the incorporation of CNF to the matrix reduced its thermal stability almost linearly, however, the onset of decomposition point remained above 120 °C, which was far above the temperature the composite membrane is expected to be exposed to. The addition of a cross-linking agent to the formulations helped with maintaining the integrity of the membranes during the plating process, thereby improving surface conductivity. The focus of the current study was on the physical and morphological properties of the films, and the presented data advocate the potential utilization of CNF as a nontoxic and sustainable bio-polymer for blending with perfluorosulfonic acid-based co-polymers, such as Nafion®, to be used in electroactive membranes.

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Valorization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Residues from Corncob into Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils and Lignin Nanoparticles

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.677963 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Xu ◽

Haishun Du ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Meng Zhang ◽

Meiyan Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Crystalline Structure ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Utilization Pathway

As a kind of biomass waste, enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHRs) are conventionally burned or just discarded, resulting in environmental pollution and low economic benefits. In this study, EHRs of corncob residues (CCR) were used to produce high lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) through a facile approach. The LCNFs and LNPs with controllable chemical compositions and properties were produced by tuning the enzymolysis time of CCR and the followed homogenization. The morphology, thermal stability, chemical and crystalline structure, and dispersibility of the resultant LCNFs and LNPs were further comprehensively investigated. This work not only promotes the production of lignocellulose-based nanomaterials but also provides a promising utilization pathway for EHRs.

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