Understanding and suppressing side reactions in Li–air batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 2495-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Lujie Cao ◽  
Chaoqun Shang ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Practical Application

Side reactions occurring during cycling largely hinder the practical application of Li–air batteries. This review article describes the issues and solutions to tackle the problems of side reactions.

Review Article: Fragrance technology for the dermatologist - a review and practical application

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia S Cortez-Pereira ◽  
André R Baby ◽  
Maria V R Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Practical Application

scholarly journals CONCEPTS OF MAMSA MARMA - A REVIEW ARTICLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2209-2212
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Priyanka 2 ◽  
S. S. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
The World

Ayurveda is one of the most ancient medical science in the world. Ayurveda is known as the science of life. It is not only medical science, but it is also a way of life. In Ayurvedic literature many Aacharyas (Sage) like Atreya Punarvashu,Dhanvantari,Sushruta,Charaka,Vagbhata and other commentators of samhitas (Ancient iterature) have made, its importance the knowledge of Sharir (body) to have undoubtedly for the sake of knowledge. In Ayurveda, Rachana sharir is a very important part of this science to make a person a good physician or a good surgeon. In Rachana Sharir, Marma sharir is very important topic. By knowing this, a person may become a good physician or surgeon. Marma sharir and its practical application are very important during surgery and to understand the injury at marma site, their prognosis and possible prevention is necessary. Inside the body, there is a specific anatomical location which is called a vital point. Keywords: Mamsa (muscle), marma (vital part), jivsthan (life site), Parinam (result), pariman (dimension)

scholarly journals Concept of Tantrayukti with special emphasis on Adhikarana Tantrayukti

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi Hanumant Rane ◽  
Ganesh Puradkar ◽  
Arun Dudhamal
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
The Real ◽  
Textual Study ◽  
Study And Teaching ◽  
The Subject

A cautious evaluation of Ayurveda treatises reveals that there is a comprehensive approach regarding research. Tantrayukti is the systemic approach of studying a science to interpret its correct unambiguous meaning  for its practical application. Tantrayukti is tools of textual study, method of study and teaching. It present as framework which clears the appropriate meaning and help to understand the real sense of shloka. One should interpret the Samhita with the help of  these tantrayukti to understand the science in an apparent way. Adhikaran Tantrayukti is one among the 40 tantrayukti explained by different acharyas. It is widely used by our acharyas while constructing the Samhita for easy understanding. Even in the field of research Adhikarana refer to the subject or area with which the researcher is going to deal with. This review article highlights the importance of Tantrayukti in explaining the samhitas and also the utility of Adhikaran Tantrayukti in understanding of classical text and its importance in research.

scholarly journals Implantation of Recyclability and Healability into Cross-Linked Commercial Polymers by Applying the Vitrimer Concept

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikihiro Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Exchange Mechanism ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Commercial Polymers

Vitrimers are a new class of cross-linked materials that are capable of network topology alternation through the associative dynamic bond-exchange mechanism, which has recently been invented to solve the problem of conventional cross-linked materials, such as poor recyclability and healability. Thus far, the concept of vitrimers has been applied to various commercial polymers, e.g., polyesters, polylactides, polycarbonates, polydimethylsiloxanes, polydienes, polyurethanes, polyolefins, poly(meth)acrylates, and polystyrenes, by utilizing different compatible bond-exchange reactions. In this review article, the concept of vitrimers is described by clarifying the difference from thermoplastics and supramolecular systems; in addition, the term “associative bond-exchange” in vitrimers is explained by comparison with the “dissociative” term. Several useful functions attained by the vitrimer concept (including recyclability and healability) are demonstrated, and recent molecular designs of vitrimers are classified into groups depending on the types of molecular frameworks. This review specifically focuses on the vitrimer molecular designs with commercial polymer-based frameworks, which provide useful hints for the practical application of the vitrimer concept.

scholarly journals Polyurethane/Zinc Oxide (PU/ZnO) Composite—Synthesis, Protective Property and Application

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Protective Property ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

A polyurethane (PU) is a multifunctional polymer prepared by using more than two types of monomers. The unique properties of PU come from monomers, thus broadening the applicability of PU in many different sectors. The properties can be further improved by using many nanoparticles. Different metal oxides as nanoparticles are also widely used in PU materials. ZnO is a widely used inorganic metal oxide nanoparticle for improving polymer properties. In this review article, the techniques to prepare a PU/ZnO composite are reviewed; the key protective properties, such as adhesive strength and self-healing, and applications of PU/ZnO composites are also highlighted. This review also highlights the PU/ZnO composite’s current challenges and future prospects, which will help to broaden the composite practical application by preparing environmentally friendly composites.

scholarly journals REGARDING RELATION BETWEEN CLASSIFICATION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE GENERAL THEORY TASKS AND PRACTICAL FORENSIC ACTIVITY (Review Article)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
A. Polianskyi ◽  
G. Juodkaite-Granskiene
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article analyzes conceptual foundations, views and ideas as to understanding of the essence of the classification of forensic science general theory tasks. The main views of scientists concerning classification of forensic examination typical tasks are analyzed. Information is established by examining properties of individual objects or characteristics of several objects interaction process. Special (individual) tasks of the forensic science general theory include: research on the development and formation of forensic examination types, expansion of the scope of their practical application; design of the latest types and kids of forensic examinations in connection with the emergence of modern facilities or improvement of methods and techniques existing in forensic practice; modernization of software for an expert workstation; improvement of the practical activities of forensic experts and emergence of scientific research innovative tasks in the field of forensic science; planned enhancement of existing scientific knowledge and improvement of general and individual theories of forensic science; development (taking into account current realities) of methods and techniques for assessing an expert conclusion. Having analyzed the trends in the development of individual theories of forensic science and forensic practice, we suggest to supplement the outlined special tasks of forensic science theory with the following: development of systemic links between state and non-state entities of forensic activity; development and rationalization of organizational foundations of forensic activity, including the development of an individual rating of a particular forensic expert and of a forensic science institute in general. It has been proved that a scientifically grounded classification of forensic science general theory tasks and general tasks of practical forensic activity increases efficiency of forensic activity implementation, helps to identify and investigate crimes, to establish circumstances to be proved in a particular case in the manner stipulated by a corresponding procedural legislation of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Image Analysis in Wood Testing - Selected Examples

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Wąsik ◽  
Krzysztof Michalec
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Wood Utilization ◽  
The University

AbstractThis paper is a review article which presents examples of application of the image analysis in wood testing. The objective of the paper was to present selected research methods with the use of image analysis used in the research on anatomy and macro-structure of wood carried out in the Department of Forest and Wood Utilization of the Institute of Forest Utilization and Forest Technology of the University of Agriculture in Krakow. In the part concerning research on wood anatomy the following areas of application of the image analysis were indicated: identification of wood species and variability of the selected parameters of the anatomic structure with special attention to coniferous trees. In the part concerning the research on macro-structure of wood, methodology of collection and preparation of wood samples and measurement of the most important properties of the macrostructure was described with the use of the image analysis program. Moreover, the selected areas of practical application of the results of such analysis were indicated.

Desiderata in connection by the calibration of the MK-system

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Stellar Systems ◽  
Astronomical Data ◽  
Intrinsic Colour

This is only an informal remark about some difficulties I am worrying about.I have tried to recalibrate the MK system in terms of intrinsic colour (B–V)0and absolute magnitudeMv. The procedures used have been described in a review article by Voigt (Mitt. Astr. Ges.1963, p. 25–35), and the results for stars of the luminosity classes Ia-O,I and II have been given also in Blaauw's article on the calibration of luminosity criteria in vol. III (Basic Astronomical Data, p. 401) ofStars and Stellar Systems.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Aldehyde gold clusters for molecular labeling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 858-859
Author(s):  
James F. Hainfeld ◽  
Frederic R. Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Sodium Cyanoborohydride ◽  
Schiff’S Base ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Hydroxysuccinimide Esters ◽  
Primary Amino

Glutaraldehyde is a useful tissue and molecular fixing reagents. The aldehyde moiety reacts mainly with primary amino groups to form a Schiff's base, which is reversible but reasonably stable at pH 7; a stable covalent bond may be formed by reduction with, e.g., sodium cyanoborohydride (Fig. 1). The bifunctional glutaraldehyde, (CHO-(CH2)3-CHO), successfully stabilizes protein molecules due to generally plentiful amines on their surface; bovine serum albumin has 60; 59 lysines + 1 α-amino. With some enzymes, catalytic activity after fixing is preserved; with respect to antigens, glutaraldehyde treatment can compromise their recognition by antibodies in some cases. Complicating the chemistry somewhat are the reported side reactions, where glutaraldehyde reacts with other amino acid side chains, cysteine, histidine, and tyrosine. It has also been reported that glutaraldehyde can polymerize in aqueous solution. Newer crosslinkers have been found that are more specific for the amino group, such as the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, and are commonly preferred for forming conjugates. However, most of these linkers hydrolyze in solution, so that the activity is lost over several hours, whereas the aldehyde group is stable in solution, and may have an advantage of overall efficiency.

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