scholarly journals REGARDING RELATION BETWEEN CLASSIFICATION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE GENERAL THEORY TASKS AND PRACTICAL FORENSIC ACTIVITY (Review Article)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
A. Polianskyi ◽  
G. Juodkaite-Granskiene
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article analyzes conceptual foundations, views and ideas as to understanding of the essence of the classification of forensic science general theory tasks. The main views of scientists concerning classification of forensic examination typical tasks are analyzed. Information is established by examining properties of individual objects or characteristics of several objects interaction process. Special (individual) tasks of the forensic science general theory include: research on the development and formation of forensic examination types, expansion of the scope of their practical application; design of the latest types and kids of forensic examinations in connection with the emergence of modern facilities or improvement of methods and techniques existing in forensic practice; modernization of software for an expert workstation; improvement of the practical activities of forensic experts and emergence of scientific research innovative tasks in the field of forensic science; planned enhancement of existing scientific knowledge and improvement of general and individual theories of forensic science; development (taking into account current realities) of methods and techniques for assessing an expert conclusion. Having analyzed the trends in the development of individual theories of forensic science and forensic practice, we suggest to supplement the outlined special tasks of forensic science theory with the following: development of systemic links between state and non-state entities of forensic activity; development and rationalization of organizational foundations of forensic activity, including the development of an individual rating of a particular forensic expert and of a forensic science institute in general. It has been proved that a scientifically grounded classification of forensic science general theory tasks and general tasks of practical forensic activity increases efficiency of forensic activity implementation, helps to identify and investigate crimes, to establish circumstances to be proved in a particular case in the manner stipulated by a corresponding procedural legislation of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Expert prevention: concept, subject and object

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
Nataliya Filipenko ◽  
Oleksandr Snigeryov
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Expert Theory ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Specific Expertise

This article analyzes the conceptual foundations, views and ideas on understanding the essence of expert prevention. Essence of expert prevention lies in the influence of relevant subjects on crime through the use of specific expertise. That means that subject of forensic examination of each kind and type should be attributed to the study of circumstances on the basis of which scientific, organizational and technical measures of a preventive nature can and should be developed. The empirical prerequisites for the emergence and development of forensic research have been investigated: accumulation of empirical facts in the theory of forensic science and other sciences, manifestation of integration processes. Formation of theoretical and applied foundations of private theory of expert prevention. The concept and structure of the private theory of expert prevention, its place and role in the theory of forensic science and judicial examination are considered. It is noted that the study of the current state of the theory and practice of private expert theory has allowed to establish that it has a common beginning and justification. Private theory of expert prevention as a system of interconnectedness includes: idea, principles, great empirical material, which is the cornerstone of the theory, general and specific tasks, functions and goals of the theory, etc. On the basis of the conducted analysis it is proved that the principles of a systematic approach and construction, which provide its structure, connection with the general theory of forensic examination and the general theory of criminology, a combination of theoretical and applied (practical) researches serve as a justification for the creation of a private theory of expert prevention. It is emphasized that the formation of the theory of expert prevention is the need to create this theory in order to successfully combat crime specific expertise using. The relation between the concepts of "general forensic theory" and "private theory of expert prevention" has been investigated, since ambiguity of both scientific understanding and practical application is one of the main problems that cannot be overcome in the forensic research of the phenomenon of expert prevention. appropriate conceptual categorical apparatus.

scholarly journals THEORY OF FORENSIC EXPERTOLOGY IN THE SYSTEM OF LAW

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Nina Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Special General ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Expert Science ◽  
Relationship Of

The article deals with the concept of a general theory of forensic expertology, the conditions for its creation, the place of forensic expert science in the system of legal sciences, the limits of its subject matter, the issues of interaction and the relationship of the science of forensic science and forensic expertology. The system and structure of the general theory of forensic expertology and its tasks are given. Separate articles of the Criminal Procedure, Civil Procedure, Administrative, Economic, Customs and Other Codes of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Expertise” of 1994 and the constitutional confirmation (article 92, paragraph 14 of the Constitution of Ukraine) of the legislative provision of forensic expertise are the further legal basis development of legal, organizational and managerial directions of forensic expertology. Forensic expertology does not only preserves the “birthmarks” of forensic science, but also, in turn, influences the dialectics of the development of the subject of forensic science and the content of its scientific fields (forensic techniques, forensic tactics and forensic methos). In particular, it requires clarifying the well-established view of the unity of forensic techniques for the investigator and expert. The first is made to collect “trace information”, the second is used for its in-depth study based on special knowledge in order to turn it into evidence-based information. Different goals are provided with different means of content. It is more accurate to raise the question of interaction, the “docking” of two, although closely related, but independent branches of scientific and technical means serving justice. The tasks of the general theory of forensic expertise (expert studies) are similar to the tasks of forensic science. They can be divided into general and special. General task is the creation of a scientific base for the purpose of the functioning and development of the industry of the use of special knowledge in examinations for the needs of legal proceedings, assistance in the fight against crime and other offenses, resolution of civil law disputes. Special task is the study of the laws of formation and development of specific types of forensic expertises, the expansion of their capabilities; development and improvement of expert technologies, tools, methods and techniques; the formation of the scientific foundations of new types of forensic expertises in connection with the emergence of new objects (computer, art history, etc.); developing expert crime prevention measures; development of an automated workplace software (AWS) for an expert of various types of research, study and implementation of advanced expert experience; forecasting expert practice processes and research tasks. Specific tasks are the up-to-date tasks that the practice puts before so the science of expert science to meet the needs that have arisen. Key words: forensic expertology, forensic expertise, legal science, theory.

Forensic Examination as the Main Form of Using Special Knowledge in the Civil and Arbitration Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Sergey A. VORONIN
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Research Facilities

Considering the classification of forensic examinations, it is necessary to consider the classification task of a General theory of judicial examination of common problems and practical forensic activities. This article reveals the full extent of the use of special knowledge from the expert during the examination in civil and arbitration process. Deals with the practical tasks of forensic activities, problems of the theory examination and the classification of expert tasks in the civil and arbitration process. It is interesting to consider another classification of expert tasks – the level of elaboration of methods of their solution. On this basis the tasks are divided into standard (algorithmization) and custom (heuristic, creative). Algorithmically the process of solving standard tasks are presented in the form of a developed and scientifically based techniques of expert research facilities – techniques of forensic examinations. It is interesting to consider another classification of expert tasks – the level of elaboration of methods of their solution. On this basis the tasks are divided into standard (algorithmization) and custom (heuristic, creative). Algorithmically the process of solving standard tasks are presented in the form of a developed and scientifically based techniques of expert research facilities – techniques of forensic examinations.

scholarly journals Correspondence between the Terms and Defnitions of the International Standard ISO 21043-1-2018 and Terminology Developed by National Forensic Expertology

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
E. V. Chesnokova
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Legal System ◽  
International Communication ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Expert Practice

The issue of developing a uniform language for international communication in the feld of forensic science is considered. The matters of relative maturity of domestic forensic expert terminology and peculiarities of translated terms usage in forensic expertology and forensic practice are discussed. The concept of expertise subject formulated by modern leading scientists is analyzed, the conclusion is made about the subject of forensic examination as a process of establishing facts and circumstances, the purely applied nature of the concept, as well as the similarity to the defnition of expertise in the ISO international standard. Specifc examples are given. The need to translate some foreign standards into Russian and to adjust and implement several of their provisions in domestic legal system and expert practice to standardize forensic and expert activity is emphasized.

scholarly journals Types of Information Processes in Expert Activities

Russian judge ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Olga S. Zalivokhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Separate Type ◽  
Information Processes ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Expert Practice ◽  
Communicative Activity

The article is devoted to a separate type of information processes of forensic science. The author reveals the essence, content and relationship of the processes of interpretation, communication and processing of information in relation to expert practice. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop the doctrine of the means and forms of communicative activity in the production of forensic examinations and information processes within the framework of the general theory of forensic examination.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CLASSIFICATION OF MODERN OUTERWEAR DURING FORENSIC EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliia Shytova ◽  
◽  
Yevhen Sobakar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Storage

Today in forensic practice there are more and more questions about determining the market value of stolen property to determine the material damage to the victim. Including stolen property is outerwear. The classification is widely used in the science of commodities, as a huge number of objects - products, their properties and parameters, conditions and shelf life - requires units set into subsets according to certain criteria. Features of the modern classification of outerwear are a very im-portant issue in commodity science in determining the general characteristics and properties of this group of goods. Modern outerwear belongs to the products of a complex range, which are quite diverse in their materials and methods of production and include a large number of species and varieties. The state of the outerwear market in Ukraine in recent years is characterized by trends towards an increase in the range and modernization. A lot of clothing has appeared that has additional functions and purposes, therefore it is necessary to comprehensively consider the definition of classification presented today in commodity science, as well as improve the existing classifications and assortment. The peculiarities of classification of modern outerwear, requirements for raw materials, as well as marking of clothing with symbols for care, packaging and storage, requirements of regulatory and technical documentation to the nomenclature of product quality indicators and their application on outerwear are studied. An analysis of the assortment of modern outerwear that has appeared on the market over the past decade made it clear that the various approaches to the classification of outerwear that exist today cannot be used to conduct a commodity examination of clothing in full. This leads to a significant expenditure of time on the assortment identification of clothing, because it requires finding signs of classifications in different classification systems, their analysis and generalization for practical application. The consumer properties of outerwear and their influence on the formation of the range on the market are studied. The inclusion of varieties of modern outerwear in the general classification for use in forensic examination is proposed.

The Economic Theory of the Firm: A Generalization

2012 ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Storchevoy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Boundaries Of The Firm ◽  
Opportunistic Behaviour ◽  
New Variant

The paper deals with development of a general theory of the firm. It discusses the demand for such a theory, reviews existing approaches to its generalization, and offers a new variant of general theory of the firm based on the contract theory. The theory is based on minimization of opportunistic behaviour determined by the material structure of production (a classification of ten structural factors is offered). This framework is applied to the analysis of three boundaries problems (boundaries of the job, boundaries of the unit, boundaries of the firm) and five integration dilemmas (vertical, horizontal, functional, related, and conglomerate).

FEATURES OF OPHTHALMIC CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED CATARACTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Inna Ivanovna Lapkina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
High Prevalence

Today, around 50 million people worldwide suffer from cataracts, more than a half of them need surgical treatment. High prevalence of this pathology in Ukraine, the need to improve the provision of ophthalmic care to patients, and the reform of the health care system have made the research relevant. Concomitant diseases and special conditions of the eye increase the risk of intra− and postoperative complications, worsen the functional parameters of patients after surgery. In order to develop a unified approach to the treatment of complicated cataracts based on diagnostically related groups of patients, a retrospective analysis of case histories of patients with different variants of complications related to the condition of the lens itself, its ligament apparatus and other structures of the eye was conducted. In each case, the surgeon has to choose the appropriate modification of cataract phacoemulsification surgery. The study proposed the classification of cataract phacoemulsification modifications on the basis of the techniques and the sequence of operation stages, taking into account the classification of the degrees of turbidity of the lens, proposed by L. Buratto. It has been noted that in complicated cases, according to the indications of the patient, surgery may be performed on several modifications of cataract phacoemulsification. The developed classification made it possible to generalize the various variants of pathology and greatly facilitate the choice of tactics of surgical treatment in complicated cataracts. It can be used not only for practical application, but also for improving the qualification of trained professionals. The prospect of further research is to identify contraindications for outpatient treatment of the patients with complicated cataracts. Key words: cataract complication, classification of phacoemulsification modifications, diagnostically related groups.

Review Article: Fragrance technology for the dermatologist - a review and practical application

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia S Cortez-Pereira ◽  
André R Baby ◽  
Maria V R Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Practical Application

Social Media Handbuch

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Platform Economy

The Social Media Handbook provides guidance on long-term developments in the ever-changing social media sector and explains fundamental interrelationships in this field. It describes a strategy model for the development of one’s own solutions, summarises the theories, methods and models of leading authors and shows their practical application, while also highlighting current developments and dealing with the topic of data processing in social media. An examination of the platform economy with its economic functions facilitates the classification of business models in social media. The book also shows how platforms and their algorithms can influence our actions and shape our opinions. With contributions by Prof. Karin Bjerregaard Schlüter, Andrea Braun, Franziska Geue, Tobias Knopf, Markus Korbien, Prof. Dr. Daniel Michelis, Stefan Pfaff, Thanh H. Pham, Tom Reichstein, Prof. Dr. Anna Riedel, Michael Sarbacher, Prof. Dr. Dr. Thomas Schildhauer, Prof. Dr. Hendrik Send, Dr. Stefan Stumpp, Prof. Dr. Sebastian Volkmann, Jan-Benedikt Weber, Julia Weißhaupt, Norman Wiebach und Prof. Dr. Christian Wissing.

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