Carbon nanostructures in biology and medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (32) ◽  
pp. 6437-6450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyun Liu ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Mei Yan ◽  
Jinghua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Physical Chemical

Carbon nanostructures have unique physical, chemical, and electrical properties, which have attracted great interest from scientists. Carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and other carbon nanomaterials are being successfully implemented in electrochemical sensing, biomedical and biological imaging.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Carbon Dots as Electrochemical Biosensing Composites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6674
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Pandey ◽  
Charles C. Chusuei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Active Nanoparticles ◽  
Carry Over

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been extensively used as electrochemical sensing composites due to their interesting chemical, electronic, and mechanical properties giving rise to increased performance. Due to these materials’ unknown long-term ecological fate, care must be given to make their use tractable. In this review, the design and use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon dots (CDs) as electrochemical sensing electrocatalysts applied to the working electrode surface are surveyed for various biosensing applications. Graphene and CDs are readily biodegradable as compared to CNTs. Design elements for CNTs that carry over to graphene and CDs include Coulombic attraction of components and using O or N atoms that serve as tethering points for attaching electrocatalytically active nanoparticles (NPs) and/or other additives.

scholarly journals Application of Carbon Nanomaterials Decorated Electrochemical Sensor for Analysis of Environmental Pollutants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Abhay Nanda Srivastva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Metal Electrode ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Working Electrode

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), especially carbon nanotubes and graphene, have been attracting tremendous attention in environmental analysis for rapid and cost effective detection of various analytes by electrochemical sensing. CNMs can increase the electrode effective area, enhance the electron transfer rate between the electrode and analytes, and/or act as catalysts to increase the efficiency of electrochemical reaction, detection, adsorption and removal are of great significance. Various carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, mesoporous carbon, carbon dots exhibited high adsorption and detection capacity. Carbon and its derivatives possess excellent electro catalytic properties for the modified sensors, electrochemical methods usually based on anodic stripping voltammetry at some modified carbon electrodes. Metal electrode detection sensitivity is enhanced through surface modification of working electrode (GCE). Heavy metals have the defined redox potential. A remarkable deal of efficiency with the electrochemical sensors can be succeeded by layering the surface of the working electrode with film of active electro-catalytic species. Usually, electro catalysts used for fabrication of sensors are surfactants, nano-materials, polymers, carbon-based materials, organic ligands and biomaterials.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of lightweight metal decorated carbon nanostructures dispersed in flexible polyvinylidene fluoride films

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 12945-12953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaran Rengaswamy ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sakthivel ◽  
Alagar Muthukaruppan ◽  
Balasubramanian Natesan ◽  
Subramanian Venkatachalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Pvdf Matrix

This work demonstrates the enhanced EMI shielding performance of metal/carbon nanomaterials incorporated in a PVDF matrix with better electrical properties.

scholarly journals Load Sensing Capability of Cementitious Matrixes—Nanomodified Cement Versus Carbon Nanotube Dispersion

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Buasiri ◽  
Habermehl-Cwirzen ◽  
Krzeminski ◽  
Cwirzen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Load Sensing ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Dispersion ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

A cement-based matrix incorporating conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers can have self-sensing capability. Both nanomaterials are characterized by excellent physical, mechanical and electrical properties. A disadvantage is that due to their hydrophobic nature it is very difficult to ensure uniform dispersion throughout the cementitious matrix. To overcome this problem a new nanomodified cement containing in-situ attached CNFs was developed leading to a very homogenous and conductive binder matrix. This study aimed to compare the piezoresistive responses of two types of matrixes, one based on the nanomodified cement and the second containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Several mortars were prepared containing either MWCNTs or the nanomodified cement, which partially replaced the untreated cement. The effective amount of the carbon nanomaterials was the same for both types of mixes and ranged from 0 wt.% to 0.271 wt.%, calculated by the all binder weight. Changes in the electrical properties were determined while applying compressive load. The results showed that the binders based on the nanomodified cement have significantly better load sensing capabilities and are suitable for applications in monitoring systems.

Carbon nanostructures as a scaffold for human embryonic stem cell differentiation toward photoreceptor precursors

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (36) ◽  
pp. 18918-18930
Author(s):  
Yoav Chemla ◽  
Efrat Shawat Avraham ◽  
Amos Markus ◽  
Eti Teblum ◽  
Aviad Slotky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Biological Applications

Carbon nanomaterials have been introduced as a scaffold for various biological applications due to their unique physical and electrical properties.

scholarly journals Carbon dots: Discovery, structure, fluorescent properties, and applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-156
Author(s):  
Asmaa M. El-Shafey
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
First Century ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Orange Peel Waste ◽  
Drug Synthesis ◽  
Resources Conservation

Abstract Nanotechnology has become one of the most important topics since the beginning of the twenty-first century in numerous fields including drug synthesis and delivery, environmental protection, electronics manufacture, and astronomy due to their nanoscale particles and their properties. The traditional semi-quantum dots are replaced by a new category of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials. Carbon dots (CDs) have been explored in the last few years for their simple synthetic accession, good bio-consonance, and several revelation applications. This review explains the fluorescent properties of CDs in brief, giving also a background on CDs discovery, structure, and composition, as well as on nanocomposites, green synthesis, and their applications. Resources conservation can be achieved by using recycled substances for sustainable development which lead to a new technology. Fluorescent CDs synthesized from food wastes like bananas, orange peel waste, sugarcane bagasse, Trapa bispinosa peels, bread, and jaggery have several applications such as sensing, drug delivery, gene transfer, biological imaging, and food safety. In this study, we concentrate on CDs greener methods to prepare effective and biocompatible CDs.

scholarly journals Electrical properties of compacted carbon nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 01047
Author(s):  
Nikita I. Lapekin ◽  
Artem A. Shestakov ◽  
Andrey E. Brester ◽  
Arina V. Ukhina ◽  
Alexander G. Bannov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

In this paper, the electrical properties of various compacted carbon nanomaterials were investigated. Compacted carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanofibers, multi-walled carbon nanotubes) were compacted into cylindrical samples and the electrical properties were measured in a frequency range from 50 Hz to 1MHz.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanostructures, Nanolayers, and Their Composites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2368
Author(s):  
Nikola Slepičková Slepičková Kasálková ◽  
Petr Slepička ◽  
Václav Švorčík
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Forms Of Carbon ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hybrid Carbon Materials ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The versatility of the arrangement of C atoms with the formation of different allotropes and phases has led to the discovery of several new structures with unique properties. Carbon nanomaterials are currently very attractive nanomaterials due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. One of these is the development of superconductivity, for example, in graphite intercalated superconductors, single-walled carbon nanotubes, B-doped diamond, etc. Not only various forms of carbon materials but also carbon-related materials have aroused extraordinary theoretical and experimental interest. Hybrid carbon materials are good candidates for high current densities at low applied electric fields due to their negative electron affinity. The right combination of two different nanostructures, CNF or carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, has led to some very interesting sensors with applications in electrochemical biosensors, biomolecules, and pharmaceutical compounds. Carbon materials have a number of unique properties. In order to increase their potential application and applicability in different industries and under different conditions, they are often combined with other types of material (most often polymers or metals). The resulting composite materials have significantly improved properties.

scholarly journals Synthetic Approach to Rice Waste-Derived Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-159
Author(s):  
Shamroza Mubarik ◽  
Nawal Qureshi ◽  
Zainab Sattar ◽  
Aqeela Shaheen ◽  
Ambreen Kalsoom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Based

The utilization of biomass waste to produce valuable products has extraordinary advantages as far as both the economy and climate are concerned, which have become particularly significant lately. The large-scale manufacturing of agricultural waste, mainly rice by-products (rice husk, rice straw, and rice bran), empowers them to be the most broadly examined biomasses as they contain lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Rice waste was first used to incorporate bulk materials, while the manufacturing of versatile nanostructures from rice waste at low cost has been developed in recent years and attracts much consideration nowadays. Carbon-based nanomaterials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, fullerenes, and carbon nanofibers have tremendous potential in climate and energy-related applications. Various methods have been reported to synthesize high-value carbon nanomaterials, but the use of green technology for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials is most common nowadays because of the abundant availability of the starting precursor, non-toxicity, low fabrication cost, ease of modification, and eco-friendly nature; therefore, reusing low-value biomass waste for the processing of renewable materials to fabricate high-value products is remarkable. Carbon nanomaterials derived from rice waste have broad applications in various disciplines owing to their distinctive physicochemical, electrical, optical, mechanical, thermal, and enhanced biocompatibility properties. The main objective of this review and basic criteria of selecting examples and explanations is to highlight the green routes for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials—i.e., graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots—from rice biomass waste, and their extensive applications in biomedical research (bio-imaging), environmental (water remediation), and energy-related (electrodes for supercapacitors, Li-ion battery, fuel cells, and solar cells) applications. This review summarizes recent advancements, challenges, and trends for rice waste obtained from renewable resources for utilization in the fabrication of versatile carbon-based nanomaterials.

Carbon Nanotubes, Nanofibers and Nanospikes for Electrochemical Sensing: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1740008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysha S. Shanta ◽  
Khandakar A. Al Mamun ◽  
Syed K. Islam ◽  
Nicole McFarlane ◽  
Dale K. Hensley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Bonding Properties

The structural and material properties of carbon based sensors have spurred their use in biosensing applications. Carbon electrodes are advantageous for electrochemical sensors due to their increased electroactive surface areas, enhanced electron transfer, and increased adsorption of target molecules. The bonding properties of carbon allows it to form a variety of crystal structures. This paper performs a comparative review of carbon nanostructures for electrochemical sensing applications. The review specifically compares carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon nanofibers (CNF), and carbon nanospikes (CNS). These carbon nanostructures possess defect sites and oxygen functional groups that aid in electron transfer and adsorption processes.

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