Recent progress in the synthesis of phosphorus-containing indole derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
pp. 7544-7556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Yun-Xiang Zou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Phosphorus Containing

Phosphorus-containing indole derivatives represent a special class of phosphorus-containing nitrogen heterocycles. This review summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis of such compounds, briefly discusses the reaction mechanisms and challenges, and outlines the synthetic opportunities still open.

Recent Progress on Photocatalytic Synthesis of Ester Derivatives and Reaction Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiang Deng ◽  
Tianbao Yang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Chong Yang ◽  
Lihua Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Photocatalytic Synthesis

Recent Advances in Metal-Catalyzed Heterocyclic C-P Bond Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Yu Hui
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Bond Activation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

Abstract:: The Phosphorus-containing heterocycles are an important class of compounds in organic chemistry. Because of their potential application in many fields, especially the synthetic pesticides, medicine and catalyst, the Phosphorus-containing heterocycles have attracted continuous attention by organic synthesis scientists. The development of efficient and low-cost catalytic systems is great interest for construction heterocycles C–P bond. Usually, the Phosphorus-containing heterocycles is prepared via direct carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bond activation or pre-functionalized of heterocycles with carbon–hydrogen （ P-H） bond of phosphorus compounds reaction by metal-catalyzed. This review summarizes recent progress in the heterocycles C-P bond formation reactions by metal-catalyzed, which mainly focusing on the discussion of the reaction mechanism. Aims to provide efficient methods for the future synthesis and application in this field.

In situ transmission electron microscopy study of individual nanostructures during lithiation and delithiation processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (38) ◽  
pp. 20072-20094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujia Zou ◽  
Zhe Cui ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Guoqiang Guan ◽  
Wenlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Cell Design ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Transmission Electron

This review highlights recent progress of usingin situTEM to study individual nanostructures using open cell design, including anode materials, cathode materials and Li–S batteries, and understand of fundamental science and reaction mechanisms during lithiation and delithiation process.

scholarly journals Flame Retardation of Natural Rubber: Strategy and Recent Progress

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Wan ◽  
Cong Deng ◽  
Ze-Yong Zhao ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yu-Zhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Additive Type ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Flame Retardation ◽  
Halogen Free

Natural rubber (NR) as a kind of commercial polymer or engineering elastomer is widely used in tires, dampers, suspension elements, etc., because of its unique overall performance. For some NR products, their work environment is extremely harsh, facing a serious fire safety challenge. Accordingly, it is important and necessary to endow NR with flame retardancy via different strategies. Until now, different methods have been used to improve the flame retardancy of NR, mainly including intrinsic flame retardation through the incorporation of some flame-retarding units into polymer chains and additive-type flame retardation via adding some halogen or halogen-free flame retardants into NR matrix. For them, the synergistic flame-retarding action is usually applied to simultaneously enhance flame retardancy and mechanical properties, in which some synergistic flame retardants such as organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), carbon materials, halloysite nanotube (HNT), etc., are utilized to achieve the above-mentioned aim. The used flame-retarding units in polymer chains for intrinsic flame retardation mainly include phosphorus-containing small molecules, an unsaturated chemical bonds-containing structure, a cross-linking structure, etc.; flame retardants in additive-type flame retardation contain organic and inorganic flame retardants, such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, and so on. Concerning the flame retardation of NR, great progress has been made in the past work. To achieve the comprehensive understanding for the strategy and recent progress in the flame retardation of NR, we thoroughly analyze and discuss the past and current flame-retardant strategies and the obtained progress in the flame-retarding NR field in this review, and a brief prospect for the flame retardation of NR is also presented.

scholarly journals Recent progress in ergot alkaloid research

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (44) ◽  
pp. 27384-27396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Chen ◽  
Meng-Yao Han ◽  
Ting Gong ◽  
Jin-Ling Yang ◽  
Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Indole Derivatives

Ergot alkaloids are a class of indole derivatives produced by the genera of Ascomycota includingClaviceps,Aspergillus,Penicillium, andEpichloë.

scholarly journals Frontispiece: Phosphorus‐Containing Superbases: Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Electron‐Abundant Phosphines and Phosphazenes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin F. Weitkamp ◽  
Beate Neumann ◽  
Hans‐Georg Stammler ◽  
Berthold Hoge
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Phosphorus Containing

Recent Advances in the Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Phosphorus-Substituted Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters

Synthesis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (03) ◽  
pp. 440-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quaternary Carbon ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Stereogenic Centers ◽  
Catalytic Asymmetric

Phosphorus-substituted quaternary carbon stereocenters exist widely in drugs and biologically active compounds. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of such quaternary carbon stereogenic centers is of significant importance, with four synthetic strategies being established. This review summarizes the recent progress in this field, including the advantages and limitations of each strategy, briefly discusses the reaction mechanisms and challenges, and outlines synthetic opportunities still open.1 Introduction2 Asymmetric Hydrophosphonylation3 Asymmetric Electrophilic Phosphination4 Asymmetric Functionalization of P-Substituted Methine Compounds5 Asymmetric Addition to α-Keto- or α-Ketiminophosphonates6 Conclusion

scholarly journals 3D Structure and Function of Glycosyltransferases Involved in N-glycan Maturation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Nagae ◽  
Yoshiki Yamaguchi ◽  
Naoyuki Taniguchi ◽  
Yasuhiko Kizuka
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Glycan Structure ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
And Function

Glycosylation is the most ubiquitous post-translational modification in eukaryotes. N-glycan is attached to nascent glycoproteins and is processed and matured by various glycosidases and glycosyltransferases during protein transport. Genetic and biochemical studies have demonstrated that alternations of the N-glycan structure play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological events including progression of cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. In particular, the formation of N-glycan branches regulates the functions of target glycoprotein, which are catalyzed by specific N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GnTs) such as GnT-III, GnT-IVs, GnT-V, and GnT-IX, and a fucosyltransferase, FUT8s. Although the 3D structures of all enzymes have not been solved to date, recent progress in structural analysis of these glycosyltransferases has provided insights into substrate recognition and catalytic reaction mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the biological significance and structure-function relationships of these enzymes.

Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Quinolines

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Dau Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Natural Product Synthesis ◽  
Important Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Substituted Quinolines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Near Future

Background: Quinoline-containing compounds present in both natural and synthetic products are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. Many of the substituted quinolines have been used in various areas including medicine as drugs. Compounds with quinoline skeleton possess a wide range of bioactivities such as antimalarial, anti-bacterial, anthelmintic, anticonvulsant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity. Due to such a wide range of applicability, the synthesis of quinoline derivatives has attracted a lot of attention of chemists to develop effective methods. Many known methods have been expanded and improved. Furthermore, various new methods for quinoline synthesis have been established. This review will focus on considerable studies on the synthesis of quinolines date which back to 2014. Objective: In this review, we discussed recent achievements on the synthesis of quinoline compounds. Some classical methods have been modified and improved, while other new methods have been developed. A vast variety of catalysts were used for these transformations. In some studies, quinoline synthesis reaction mechanisms were also displayed. Conclusion: Many methods for the synthesis of substituted quinoline rings have been developed recently. Over the past five years, the majority of those reported have been based on cycloisomerization and cyclization processes. Undoubtedly, more imaginative approaches to quinoline synthesis will appear in the literature in the near future. The application of known methods to natural product synthesis is probably the next challenge in the field.

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