Insights into the interaction mechanism between tiagabine hydrochloride and two serum albumins

Aflatoxin M1 is one of mycotoxin derivatives, which is secreted in milk of dairy cattle fed on feed contaminated with Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). The current study was designed to prepare a vaccine against AFB1and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing or preventing secretion of AFM1 in milk. Aflatoxin-B1 was prepared, purified and transformed into oxime, then it was fixed on bovine serum albumins. The AFB1-BSA conjugate was adjuvanted with Gold Nano particles then Montanide ISA 206. The prepared vaccine was used for immunization of rabbits by S/c routes as 100 µg/dose and dairy cattle by I/M routes as 500 µg/dose. The vaccinated animals were boosted at 3 weeks post primary immunization. Serum samples were collected and examined for the anti-AFB1 using AGPT. A mean titer of 15.2 AGPU/ml was detected at 2 weeks post primary vaccination then significantly increased till reached to 76.8 AGPU/ml at 6 weeks post Booster vaccination. All vaccinated rabbits were challenged with dose of 0.3 mg AFB1 toxin/Kg. The vaccinated rabbit showed 100% protection and no AFB1 toxin residue was detected in their livers. Milk samples were collected from non-vaccinated and AFB1-immunized dairy cattle then examined with ELISA for quantitation of AFM1 residues before and after vaccination. The results showed that the prepared AFB1 vaccine was safe, potent and able to reduce AFM1 release in milk of vaccinated heifers by 70%. So the vaccination of lactating animals with the AFB1vaccine might represent a valid tool for the prevention of AFM1 contamination of milk and dairy products.

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Synchronous Client-Server Interaction Mechanism for Event-based Asynchronous Communication Framework

International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Communication for Industrial Systems ◽

10.21742/ijwmcis.2018.5.2.03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Mingyu Lim

Keyword(s):

Interaction Mechanism ◽

Asynchronous Communication ◽

Client Server ◽

Communication Framework ◽

Event Based

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On proteins. XXXIII. Differences in the composition of the arginine peptides from some serum albumins

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19551311 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1311-1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. Knesslová ◽

V. Kostka ◽

B. Keil ◽

F. Šorm

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumins

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Interaction mechanism of aloe-emodin with trypsin: molecular structure–affinity relationship and effect on biological activities

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra02712j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (35) ◽

pp. 20862-20871

Author(s):

Guoyan Ren ◽

He Sun ◽

Gen Li ◽

Jinling Fan ◽

Lin Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Interaction Mechanism ◽

Mechanism Of Interaction ◽

Development And Utilization ◽

Aloe Emodin

The mechanism of interaction between AE and trypsin was studied firstly. The biological activity of both decreased after the interaction. These results provide a basis for the development and utilization of AE.

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Interaction between toxic azo dye C.I. Acid Red 88 and serum albumins

Journal of Luminescence ◽

10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.06.012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 715-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Selvaraj Naveenraj ◽

Rajadurai Vijay Solomon ◽

Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam ◽

Abdullah M. Asiri ◽

Sambandam Anandan

Keyword(s):

Azo Dye ◽

Serum Albumins

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Modulation of Macrophages M1/M2 Polarization Using Carbohydrate-Functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13010088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Raquel G. D. Andrade ◽

Bruno Reis ◽

Benjamin Costas ◽

Sofia A. Costa Lima ◽

Salette Reis

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Interaction Mechanism ◽

Mannose Receptor ◽

The Body ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Production Methods ◽

Polymeric Nanocarriers ◽

Efficient Delivery

Exploiting surface endocytosis receptors using carbohydrate-conjugated nanocarriers brings outstanding approaches to an efficient delivery towards a specific target. Macrophages are cells of innate immunity found throughout the body. Plasticity of macrophages is evidenced by alterations in phenotypic polarization in response to stimuli, and is associated with changes in effector molecules, receptor expression, and cytokine profile. M1-polarized macrophages are involved in pro-inflammatory responses while M2 macrophages are capable of anti-inflammatory response and tissue repair. Modulation of macrophages’ activation state is an effective approach for several disease therapies, mediated by carbohydrate-coated nanocarriers. In this review, polymeric nanocarriers targeting macrophages are described in terms of production methods and conjugation strategies, highlighting the role of mannose receptor in the polarization of macrophages, and targeting approaches for infectious diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and prevention. Translation of this nanomedicine approach still requires further elucidation of the interaction mechanism between nanocarriers and macrophages towards clinical applications.

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Whole blood and blood components from vertebrates differentially affect egg formation in three species of anautogenous mosquitoes

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04594-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ruby E. Harrison ◽

Mark R. Brown ◽

Michael R. Strand

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Vertebrate Host ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Blood Components ◽

Blood Proteins ◽

Serum Albumins ◽

Egg Formation ◽

Reproductive Response

Abstract Background Most female mosquitoes are anautogenous and must blood feed on a vertebrate host to produce eggs. Prior studies show that the number of eggs females lay per clutch correlates with the volume of blood ingested and that protein is the most important macronutrient for egg formation. In contrast, how whole blood, blood fractions and specific blood proteins from different vertebrates affect egg formation is less clear. Since egg formation is best understood in Aedes aegypti, we examined how blood and blood components from different vertebrates affect this species and two others: the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and arbovirus vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods Adult female mosquitoes were fed blood, blood fractions and purified major blood proteins from different vertebrate hosts. Markers of reproductive response including ovary ecdysteroidogenesis, yolk deposition into oocytes and number of mature eggs produced were measured. Results Ae. aegypti, An. gambiae and C. quinquefasciatus responded differently to meals of whole blood, plasma or blood cells from human, rat, chicken and turkey hosts. We observed more similarities between the anthropophiles Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae than the ornithophile C. quinquefasciatus. Focusing on Ae. aegypti, the major plasma-derived proteins (serum albumin, fibrinogen and globulins) differentially stimulated egg formation as a function of vertebrate host source. The major blood cell protein, hemoglobin, stimulated yolk deposition when from pigs but not humans, cows or sheep. Serum albumins from different vertebrates also variably affected egg formation. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) stimulated ovary ecdysteroidogenesis, but more weakly induced digestive enzyme activities than whole blood. In contrast, BSA-derived peptides and free amino acids had no stimulatory effects on ecdysteroidogenesis or yolk deposition into oocytes. Conclusions Whole blood, blood fractions and specific blood proteins supported egg formation in three species of anautogenous mosquitoes but specific responses varied with the vertebrate source of the blood components tested.

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