Stem cell recruitment based on scaffold features for bone tissue engineering

Abstract Background A novel biodegradable scaffold including gelatin (G), chitooligosaccharide (COS), and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) could play a significant part in bone tissue engineering. The present study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of composite scaffolds in combination of G, COS, and DBM for in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal bioassays. Methods Three-dimensional scaffolds from the mixture of G, COS, and DBM were fabricated into 3 groups, namely, G, GC, and GCD using a lyophilization technique. The scaffolds were cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for 4 weeks to determine biological responses such as cell attachment and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, cell morphology, and cell surface elemental composition. For the in vivo bioassay, G, GC, and GCD, acellular scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in 8-week-old male Wistar rats for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The explants were assessed for new bone formation using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and von Kossa staining. Results The MSCs could attach and proliferate on all three groups of scaffolds. Interestingly, the ALP activity of MSCs reached the greatest value on day 7 after cultured on the scaffolds, whereas the calcium assay displayed the highest level of calcium in MSCs on day 28. Furthermore, weight percentages of calcium and phosphorus on the surface of MSCs after cultivation on the GCD scaffolds increased when compared to those on other scaffolds. The scanning electron microscopy images showed that MSCs attached and proliferated on the scaffold surface thoroughly over the cultivation time. Mineral crystal aggregation was evident in GC and greatly in GCD scaffolds. H&E staining illustrated that G, GC, and GCD scaffolds displayed osteoid after 4 weeks of implantation and von Kossa staining confirmed the mineralization at 8 weeks in G, GC, and GCD scaffolds. Conclusion The MSCs cultured in GCD scaffolds revealed greater osteogenic differentiation than those cultured in G and GC scaffolds. Additionally, the G, GC, and GCD scaffolds could promote in vivo ectopic bone formation in rat model. The GCD scaffolds exhibited maximum osteoinductive capability compared with others and may be potentially used for bone regeneration.

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Magnetic field assisted stem cell differentiation – role of substrate magnetization in osteogenesis

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c5tb00118h ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (16) ◽

pp. 3150-3168 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Sunil Kumar Boda ◽

Greeshma Thrivikraman ◽

Bikramjit Basu

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell Differentiation

Substrate magnetization as a tool for modulating the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Regulation and Directing Stem Cell Fate by Tissue Engineering Functional Microenvironments: Scaffold Physical and Chemical Cues

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2019/2180925 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fei Xing ◽

Lang Li ◽

Changchun Zhou ◽

Cheng Long ◽

Lina Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Cell Fate ◽

Chemical Cues ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Stem Cell Fate ◽

Physical And Chemical

It is well known that stem cells reside within tissue engineering functional microenvironments that physically localize them and direct their stem cell fate. Recent efforts in the development of more complex and engineered scaffold technologies, together with new understanding of stem cell behavior in vitro, have provided a new impetus to study regulation and directing stem cell fate. A variety of tissue engineering technologies have been developed to regulate the fate of stem cells. Traditional methods to change the fate of stem cells are adding growth factors or some signaling pathways. In recent years, many studies have revealed that the geometrical microenvironment played an essential role in regulating the fate of stem cells, and the physical factors of scaffolds including mechanical properties, pore sizes, porosity, surface stiffness, three-dimensional structures, and mechanical stimulation may affect the fate of stem cells. Chemical factors such as cell-adhesive ligands and exogenous growth factors would also regulate the fate of stem cells. Understanding how these physical and chemical cues affect the fate of stem cells is essential for building more complex and controlled scaffolds for directing stem cell fate.

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Prospect of Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2016/6180487 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Azizeh-Mitra Yousefi ◽

Paul F. James ◽

Rosa Akbarzadeh ◽

Aswati Subramanian ◽

Conor Flavin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Cell Types ◽

3D Scaffold ◽

Stem Cell Source ◽

Induced Pluripotent

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the subject of many studies in recent years, ranging from basic science that looks into MSCs properties to studies that aim for developing bioengineered tissues and organs. Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been the focus of most studies due to the inherent potential of these cells to differentiate into various cell types. Although, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of cellular differentiation. These cells are another attractive stem cell source because of their ability to be reprogramed, allowing the generation of multiple cell types from a single cell. This paper briefly covers various types of stem cell sources that have been used for tissue engineering applications, with a focus on bone regeneration. Then, an overview of some recent studies making use of MSC-seeded 3D scaffold systems for bone tissue engineering has been presented. The emphasis has been placed on the reported scaffold properties that tend to improve MSCs adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation outcomes.

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Osteoinductive potential of small intestinal submucosa/ demineralized bone matrix as composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.2478/abm-2010-0119 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 913-922 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sittisak Honsawek ◽

Piyanuch Bumrungpanichthaworn ◽

Voranuch Thanakit ◽

Vachiraporn Kunrangseesomboon ◽

Supamongkon Muchmee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Osteoinductive Potential ◽

Intestinal Submucosa

Abstract Background: Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is extensively used in orthopedic, periodontal, and maxillofacial application and investigated as a material to induce new bone formation. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) derived from the submucosa layer of porcine intestine has widely utilized as biomaterial with minimum immune response. Objectives: Determine the osteoinductive potential of SIS, DBM, SIS/DBM composites in the in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal bioassays for bone tissue engineering. Materials and methods: Human periosteal (HPO) cells were treated in the absence or presence SIS, DBM, and SIS/DBM. Cell proliferation was examined by direct cell counting. Osteoblast differentiation of the HPO cells was analyzed with alkaline phosphatase activity assay. The Wistar rat muscle implant model was used to evaluate the osteoinductive potential of SIS, DBM, and SIS/DBM composites. Results: HPO cells could differentiate along osteogenic lineage when treated with either DBM or SIS/DBM. SIS/ DBM had a tendency to promote more cellular proliferation and osteoblast differentiation than the other treatments. In Wistar rat bioassay, SIS showed no new bone formation and the implants were surrounded by fibrous tissues. DBM demonstrated new bone formation along the edge of old DBM particles. SIS/DBM composite exhibited high osteoinductivity, and the residual SIS/DBM was surrounded by osteoid-like matrix and newly formed bone. Conclusion: DBM and SIS/DBM composites could retain their osteoinductive capability. SIS/DBM scaffolds may provide an alternative approach for bone tissue engineering.

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Fabrication of 3D plotted scaffold with microporous strands for bone tissue engineering

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c9tb02360g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 951-960 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ji Min Seok ◽

Thanavel Rajangam ◽

Jae Eun Jeong ◽

Sinyoung Cheong ◽

Sang Min Joo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

New Bone Formation

Scaffold porosity has played a key role in bone tissue engineering aimed at effective tissue regeneration, by promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation for new bone formation.

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Perivascular Stem Cells: A Prospectively Purified Mesenchymal Stem Cell Population for Bone Tissue Engineering

Stem Cells Translational Medicine ◽

10.5966/sctm.2012-0002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 510-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

Aaron W. James ◽

Janette N. Zara ◽

Xinli Zhang ◽

Asal Askarinam ◽

Raghav Goyal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Cell Population ◽

Stem Cell Population ◽

Perivascular Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Population

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The Ability and Mechanism of nHAC/CGF in Promoting Osteogenesis and Repairing Mandibular Defects

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano12020212 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 212

Author(s):

Yuhe Zhu ◽

Nanjue Cao ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Guangxiu Cao ◽

Chunping Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Biomechanical Testing ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Masson Staining ◽

Better Than

Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) is a new type of bone tissue engineering scaffold material. To speed up the new bone formation of nHAC, this study used concentrated growth factor (CGF) and nHAC in combination to repair rabbit mandibular defects. nHAC/CGF and nHAC were implanted into rabbit mandibles, and X-ray, Micro-CT, HE and Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining and biomechanical testing were performed at 8, 16 and 24 weeks after surgery. The results showed that as the material degraded, the rate of new bone formation in the nHAC/CGF group was better than that in the nHAC group. The results of the HE and Masson staining showed that the bone continuity or maturity of the nHAC/CGF group was better than that of the nHAC group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that OCN expression gradually increased with time. The nHAC/CGF group showed significantly higher BMP2 than the nHAC group at 8 weeks and the difference gradually decreased with time. The biomechanical test showed that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the nHAC/CGF group were higher than those of the nHAC group. The results suggest that nHAC/CGF materials can promote new bone formation, providing new ideas for the application of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials in oral clinics.

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Three-dimensional silk fibroin scaffolds enhance the bone formation and angiogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells: a biocompatibility analysis

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica ◽

10.1093/abbs/gmaa042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 590-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuwan Li ◽

Ziming Liu ◽

Yaping Tang ◽

Qinghong Fan ◽

Wei Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Silk Fibroin ◽

Type I ◽

Calvarial Defects

Abstract Silk fibroin (SF) is a fibrous protein with unique mechanical properties, adjustable biodegradation, and the potential to drive differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) along the osteogenic lineage, making SF a promising scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. In this study, hAMSCs were isolated by enzyme digestion and identified by multiple-lineage differentiation. SF scaffold was fabricated by freeze-drying, and the adhesion and proliferation abilities of hAMSCs on scaffolds were determined. Osteoblast differentiation and angiogenesis of hAMSCs on scaffolds were further evaluated, and histological staining of calvarial defects was performed to examine the cocultured scaffolds. We found that hAMSCs expressed the basic surface markers of MSCs. Collagen type I (COL-I) expression was observed on scaffolds cocultured with hAMSCs. The scaffolds potentiated the proliferation of hAMSCs and increased the expression of COL-I in hAMSCs. The scaffolds also enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity and bone mineralization, and upregulated the expressions of osteogenic-related factors in vitro. The scaffolds also enhanced the angiogenic differentiation of hAMSCs. The cocultured scaffolds increased bone formation in treating critical calvarial defects in mice. This study first demonstrated that the application of 3D SF scaffolds co-cultured with hAMSCs greatly enhanced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of hAMSCs in vitro and in vivo. Thus, 3D SF scaffolds cocultured with hAMSCs may be a better alternative for bone tissue engineering.

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