scholarly journals Porous block copolymer separation membranes for 21st century sanitation and hygiene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiming Guo ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Martin Steinhart
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Separation Membranes ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Device Integration ◽  
Porous Block

This review summarizes design strategies for nanoporous state-of-the-art BCP separation membranes, their preparation, their device integration and their use for water purification.

Identification, Prediction and Data Analysis of Noncoding RNAs: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasali Emamjomeh ◽  
Javad Zahiri ◽  
Mehrdad Asadian ◽  
Mehrdad Behmanesh ◽  
Barat A. Fakheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Structural Prediction ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Fast Prediction

Background:Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) which play an important role in various cellular processes are important in medicine as well as in drug design strategies. Different studies have shown that ncRNAs are dis-regulated in cancer cells and play an important role in human tumorigenesis. Therefore, it is important to identify and predict such molecules by experimental and computational methods, respectively. However, to avoid expensive experimental methods, computational algorithms have been developed for accurately and fast prediction of ncRNAs.Objective:The aim of this review was to introduce the experimental and computational methods to identify and predict ncRNAs structure. Also, we explained the ncRNA’s roles in cellular processes and drugs design, briefly.Method:In this survey, we will introduce ncRNAs and their roles in biological and medicinal processes. Then, some important laboratory techniques will be studied to identify ncRNAs. Finally, the state-of-the-art models and algorithms will be introduced along with important tools and databases.Results:The results showed that the integration of experimental and computational approaches improves to identify ncRNAs. Moreover, the high accurate databases, algorithms and tools were compared to predict the ncRNAs.Conclusion:ncRNAs prediction is an exciting research field, but there are different difficulties. It requires accurate and reliable algorithms and tools. Also, it should be mentioned that computational costs of such algorithm including running time and usage memory are very important. Finally, some suggestions were presented to improve computational methods of ncRNAs gene and structural prediction.

Clandestine migration in Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Düvell
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Migration Research

The concept of clandestine or illegal migration dates back to the 1930s but only became prominent during the 1980s and 1990s. It is an umbrella term that refers to a complex set of conditions and embraces various patterns. Instead of applying the conventional but crude legal/illegal dichotomy this article suggests a fine-tuned analysis of clandestine migration on a scale between the two poles. This contribution surveys the state of the art and discusses various approaches in clandestine migration research; it aims at clarifying as yet blurred definitions, discusses often problematical quantitative aspects, and gives an overview of various major patterns in clandestine migration. Finally, in reflecting on the specific conditions that determine clandestine migration, it argues that this phenomenon is a social construct of the 21st century.

Desensitization regimens for drug allergy: state of the art in the 21st century

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1679-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
L. Fanning ◽  
H. Chong ◽  
J. Fernandez ◽  
D. Sloane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Drug Allergy ◽  
State Of The Art

scholarly journals Inlet and Nozzle Technology for 21st Century Fighter Aircraft

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin C. Gridley ◽  
Steven H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Fighter Aircraft ◽  
Current State ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
System Volume

The focus of propulsion integration technology in the 21st century will be economy. USAF inlet and nozzle technology goals translate into 50% weight reduction and 25% acquisition cost reduction metrics for new aircraft system. Innovative technology to enable these reductions over current state-of-the-art systems in weight and cost is required. For inlet systems, compact diffusers that reduce system volume by 50% will demand fewer parts and improved aerodynamic performance. Exhaust systems will be fixed with fewer parts, requiring a technology like fluidics, for example, to provide area control and thrust vectoring capabilities. Cooperative programs for both inlet and nozzle systems are in place to insure that technologies required to meet weight and cost reduction goals are matured by the year 2000.

scholarly journals Total Hip Arthroplasty, state of the art for the 21st century

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Courpied ◽  
Jacques Henri Caton
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Total Hip

scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores in Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Som Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Don Vicendese ◽  
Bircan Erbas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Background: Evidence of the influence of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors on childhood nutritional status is inconsistent. Few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study aimed to examine associations and interactions between WASH variables and preschool child undernutrition. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 2352 children assessed during the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed by multi-variable linear regression to understand the association between height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores and WASH variables. Interactions between WASH variables, sex and area of residence on childhood nutritional status were also examined. Results: The mean z-score [standard deviation] for children’s WAZ, HAZ and WHZ scores were -1.33 [1.1], -1.52 [1.3] and -0.65 [1.1], respectively. A unit increase in cluster sanitation coverage was associated with an increase of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12 to 0.48) for WAZ and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.001 to 0.56) for HAZ scores. Household water purification practice was associated with an increase of 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.41) in WHZ score. Handwashing practice with water and soap was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95%CI: 0.04 to 0.25) in WAZ and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.01 to 0.24) in WHZ scores. The effect of water purification practice was higher for rural areas compared to urban settings for HAZ scores (p-value for interaction=0.02). Conclusions: Consistent with findings from other countries in the South Asian region, findings of this study highlight the potential importance of good WASH practices, and therefore the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to improved nutritional status in rural Nepal.

Micellar block copolymer templated galvanic displacement for epitaxial nanowire device integration

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Doerk ◽  
Charles Dhong ◽  
Christine Politi ◽  
Ian Laboriante ◽  
Carlo Carraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Galvanic Displacement ◽  
Device Integration ◽  
Nanowire Device

Mechanically and structurally robust sulfonated block copolymer membranes for water purification applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (24) ◽  
pp. 245703 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Yeo ◽  
S Y Kim ◽  
S Kim ◽  
D Y Ryu ◽  
T-H Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Water Purification

On the design strategies for SMA-based morphing actuators: state of the art and common practices applied to a fascinating case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (14) ◽  
pp. 2114-2130
Author(s):  
Alessio Suman ◽  
Elettra Fabbri ◽  
Annalisa Fortini ◽  
Mattia Merlin ◽  
Michele Pinelli
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Aerospace Engineering ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Flexible Devices ◽  
Cooling Fan ◽  
Basic Ideas

The request of even more stringent restrictions, regarding efficiency and environmental impact of industrial components, determines an optimized use of primary energy but also entails the design of more lightweight, smart and flexible devices, able to adapt their operation as a function of several different inputs. In this framework, the use of a fascinating class of metallic materials, called Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), could represent a valid support for the designers. The capability of these materials to react to an external stimulus, without continuing to supply energy to external actuators, represents, especially in the aerospace engineering field, a technological breakthrough. The present paper reports the basic ideas and summarizes the important aspects related to the development of SMA-based actuators in relation to the present state of the art. A case study of morphing blades, equipped with embedded SMA strips, for an automotive cooling fan is reported. Finally, some hints, regarding the design process of SMA-based actuators, are proposed.

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