scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores in Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Som Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Don Vicendese ◽  
Bircan Erbas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Background: Evidence of the influence of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors on childhood nutritional status is inconsistent. Few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study aimed to examine associations and interactions between WASH variables and preschool child undernutrition. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 2352 children assessed during the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed by multi-variable linear regression to understand the association between height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores and WASH variables. Interactions between WASH variables, sex and area of residence on childhood nutritional status were also examined. Results: The mean z-score [standard deviation] for children’s WAZ, HAZ and WHZ scores were -1.33 [1.1], -1.52 [1.3] and -0.65 [1.1], respectively. A unit increase in cluster sanitation coverage was associated with an increase of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12 to 0.48) for WAZ and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.001 to 0.56) for HAZ scores. Household water purification practice was associated with an increase of 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.41) in WHZ score. Handwashing practice with water and soap was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95%CI: 0.04 to 0.25) in WAZ and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.01 to 0.24) in WHZ scores. The effect of water purification practice was higher for rural areas compared to urban settings for HAZ scores (p-value for interaction=0.02). Conclusions: Consistent with findings from other countries in the South Asian region, findings of this study highlight the potential importance of good WASH practices, and therefore the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to improved nutritional status in rural Nepal.

scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores in Nepal.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Som Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Don Vicendese ◽  
Bircan Erbas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Abstract: Background: Evidence of the influence of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors on childhood nutritional status is inconsistent. Few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study aimed to examine associations and interactions between WASH variables and preschool child undernutrition. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 2352 children assessed during the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed by multi-variable linear regression to obtain β-coefficients representing change in height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores associated with WASH variables. Interactions between WASH variables, sex and area of residence on childhood nutritional status were also examined. Results: The mean z-score [standard deviation] for children’s WAZ, HAZ and WHZ scores were -1.33 [1.1], -1.52 [1.3] and -0.65 [1.1], respectively. A unit increase in cluster sanitation coverage was associated with an increase of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12, 0.48) for WAZ and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.001, 0.56) for HAZ scores. Household water purification practice was associated with an increase of 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.41) in WHZ score. Handwashing practice with water and soap was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95%CI: 0.04, 0.25) in WAZ and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.01, 0.24) in WHZ scores. The effect of water purification practice was higher for rural areas compared to urban settings for HAZ scores (p-value for interaction=0.002). Conclusions: Consistent with findings from other countries in the South Asian region, findings of this study highlight the potential importance of good WASH practices, and therefore the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to improved nutritional status in rural Nepal.

scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores in Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Som Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Don Vicendese ◽  
Bircan Erbas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Background: Evidence of the influence of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors on childhood nutritional status is inconsistent. Few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study aimed to examine associations and interactions between WASH variables and preschool child undernutrition. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 2352 children assessed during the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed by multi-variable linear regression to understand the association between height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores and WASH variables. Interactions between WASH variables, sex and area of residence on childhood nutritional status were also examined. Results: The mean z-score [standard deviation] for children’s WAZ, HAZ and WHZ scores were -1.33 [1.1], -1.52 [1.3] and -0.65 [1.1], respectively. A unit increase in cluster sanitation coverage was associated with an increase of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12 to 0.48) for WAZ and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.001 to 0.56) for HAZ scores. Household water purification practice was associated with an increase of 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.41) in WHZ score. Handwashing practice with water and soap was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95%CI: 0.04 to 0.25) in WAZ and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.01 to 0.24) in WHZ scores. The effect of water purification practice was higher for rural areas compared to urban settings for HAZ scores (p-value for interaction=0.002). Conclusions: Consistent with findings from other countries in the South Asian region, findings of this study highlight the potential importance of good WASH practices, and therefore the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to improved nutritional status in rural Nepal.

scholarly journals Differences between WHO Growth Standards and China Growth Standards in Assessing the Nutritional Status of Children Aged 0–36 Months Old

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Qianling Tian ◽  
Xiao Gao ◽  
Tingting Sha ◽  
Qiong He ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
China’S Growth

Background: At present, whether to use the World Health Organization’s (WHO) growth standards or native growth standards to assess the nutritional status in a given population is unclear. This study aimed to compare the differences between the WHO’s growth standards and China’s growth standards in assessing the nutritional status of children aged 0~36 months. Methods: We used z-scores to evaluate the nutritional status of children. The weight-for-age z-scores (WAZs), length/height-for-age z-scores (LAZ/HAZs), and weight-for-length/height z-scores (WLZ/WHZs) were calculated using the WHO’s growth standards and China’s growth standards. MeNemar’s test was used to compare the nutritional status of children. Results: The results in this study showed that there were differences between the WHO’s standards and China’s standards in assessing children’s nutritional status except for stunting and obesity. The prevalence of underweight assessed using China’s standards was higher than when using the WHO’s standards (except when 3 and 36 months old). The prevalence of wasting was significantly higher when assessed using China’s standards than when using the WHO’s standards from 12 to 36 months. The prevalence of overweight was higher when assessed using the WHO’s standards from 3 to 8 months. Conclusions: Both the WHO’s and China’s growth standards are useful measures in assessing children’s nutritional status but with key significant differences. Therefore, caution should be taken in selecting appropriate measures in a given population.

Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children from Urban Low Income Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
R. V. Lakshmi ◽  
M. Sylvia Subapriya ◽  
Kalaivani Krishnamurthy ◽  
Prema Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

India is currently the home of the largest number of under-nourished and over-nourished children in the world. Data from longitudinal studies in India indicate that both under nutrition and over-nutrition in childhood is associated with higher risk of over-nutrition and noncommunicable diseases in adult life. A community based mixed longitudinal study of underfive children from urban low income families was taken up to assess their nutritional status. Weight was taken every month in all; length was measured every month in infants and height was measured once in three months in 1-5 year children. BMI was computed in all. Nutritional status was assessed using the WHO anthro software package. Between 2012 and 2015, 3888 pre-school children were enrolled (49.4% boys and 50.6% girls); mean age of these children at enrolment was 22.5±16.17 months. The mean Z scores for height for age was - 1.79; weight for age was - 1.41 and -0.47 for BMI for age. Prevalence of stunting was 43.4%; underweight was 31.9%, wasting was 12% and over-nutrition was between 3-5%. The reduction in wasting rate between 0-3 years was mainly due to the increase in prevalence of stunting. With universal screening for early detection of wasting and over-nutrition and effective management of these, it will be possible to achieve the WHA targets of reducing and maintaining wasting below 5% and preventing increase in over-nutrition in this population. This may reduce the risk of over-nutrition and non-communicable diseases in these children during their adult life.

scholarly journals The Nutritional Status of Individuals Adopted Internationally as Children: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Richard Ivey ◽  
Marko Kerac ◽  
Michael Quiring ◽  
Hang T. Dam ◽  
Susie Doig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Since 1955, international adoption has been a way of finding homes for children who have been orphaned or abandoned. We aimed to describe the nutritional status of individuals adopted internationally and their long-term nutritional and health outcomes. We searched four databases for articles published from January 1995 to June 2020, which included information on anthropometric or micronutrient status of children adopted internationally (CAI). Mean Z-scores on arrival to adoptive country ranged from −2.04 to −0.31 for weight for age; −0.94 to 0.39 for weight for height; −0.7 to 0 for body mass index; −1.89 to −0.03 for height for age; −1.43 to 0.80 for head circumference for age. Older children, those adopted from institutionalized care or with underlying disability, were more likely to be malnourished. Though long-term data was scarce, mean Z-scores post-adoption ranged from −0.59 to 0.53 for weight for age; −0.31 to 1.04 for weight for height; 0.39 to 1.04 for body mass index; −1.09 to 0.58 for height for age; −0.06 to 1.23 for head circumference for age. We conclude that though CAI are at high risk of malnutrition at baseline, marked catch-up growth is possible, including for those older than two years of age on arrival. This has implications not only for CAI but for the wider population of malnourished children worldwide. Research on how to optimize catch-up growth is a priority.

scholarly journals Outcome of food intake and nutritional status after discontinuation of a cow’s-milk-free diet post negative oral food challenge in infants and children

2022 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dayane Pêdra Batista de Fariaa ◽  
Marcela Duarte Sillos ◽  
Patrícia da Graça Leite Speridião ◽  
Mauro Batista de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Oral Food Challenge ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of food intake and nutritional status post discontinuation of a cow’s-milk-free diet after a negative oral food challenge.Methods: This was a prospective, uncontrolled study that evaluated food intake and nutritional status of a cohort of 80 infants and children under 5 years of age. Food intake and nutritional status were evaluated on the day of the oral food challenge test and after 30 days. Weight and height were measured on the day of the test and after 30 days.Results: The mean age of the patients was 18.7 ± 12.4 months, and 58.7% were male. After discontinuation of the elimination diet, the children showed daily intake increases in (P < 0.001), protein (P < 0.001), carbohydrates (P = 0.042), calcium from foods (P < 0.001), calcium from foods and supplements (P < 0.001), phosphorus (P < 0.001), and vitamin D from foods (P = 0.006). The Z-scores (n = 76) on the day of the oral food challenge test and 30 days after restarting the consumption of cow’s milk were as follows: weight-for-age (P < 0.001) and height-for-age (P < 0.001), respectively.Conclusion: Cow’s milk protein in the diet was associated with increased intake of energy, proteins, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, in addition to an increase in the Z-scores for weight-for-age and height-for-age.

scholarly journals Survei status gizi balita di Agats, Asmat, Papua: Analisis situasi pascakejadian luar biasa gizi buruk

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Maria Fransiska Pudjohartono ◽  
Hanggoro Tri Rinonce ◽  
Josephine Debora ◽  
Pritania Astari ◽  
Monica Gisela Winata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Situation Analysis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

A recent extraordinary event of malnutrition in childrenin Asmat, Papua, Indonesia has drawn enormous attention. To help in post-emergency rehabilitation, Gadjah Mada University sent a Kuliah Kerja Nyata – Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) team to Agats, Asmat in March 17 – April 20, 2018. As part of situation analysis, the team surveyed the nutritional status of under five-years-old children in Agats, Asmat. The subjects were under five-year-old children coming to posyandus in fiveareasin Agats in March-April 2018. The data of sex, age, weight, and height were obtained, then the nutritional status in the form of Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) was calculated using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 software. Nutritional status was determined based on criteria from World Health Organization (WHO). Among the 372 children, 35 (9.4%) children were underweight and 7 (1.9%) were severely underweight. Twenty one (5.7%) children were stunted and 12 (3.2%) were severely stunted. As many as 23 (6.2%) children were found to be wasted and 6 (1.6%) were severely wasted. The percentages of children with malnutrition found in this survey were lower than the percentages for Indonesia and Papua overall, but percentages in two posyandus were higher than the national and Papua percentages. The relatively low total percentages may be accounted for by concentration of malnutrition cases in districts other than Agats and lack of coverage of children absent from posyandu. Prevalence of malnutrition varied in different age groups possibly due to inadequacy of complementary foods, changes in incidence of infections, and addition of siblings. Further surveys are needed using home visitsthat will also enable to analyze of socioeconomic factors at the same time as nutritional status determinants in Agats and other districts in Asmat.

Impact of Nutrition on Treatment Outcome in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia of Childhood in Developing Country

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4744-4744
Author(s):  
Soma Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Sudeshna Gangopadhyay ◽  
Pinaki Gupta ◽  
Jayasri Basak ◽  
Ashis Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Abstract 4744 Malnutrition is a major problem in children with cancer. All conventional modalities of anti cancer therapy interfere with normal nutrition. In this study we retrospectively analyzed 331 children of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) being intensively treated by National cancer Institute protocol (MCP 841) during period from August, 2000 to December, 2010 in a tertiary cancer institute of the country. Our aim was to determine the nutritional status of children with ALL at diagnosis and to study the influence of nutrition on complete remission, disease free survival (DFS) and toxicity of chemotherapy. The variables studied were height for age, weight for age and serum albumin levels. The height for age and the weight for age were taken as normal if they were between 3rd and 97th percentile curve of the growth chart as recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The albumin level was considered normal if the value was equal to or more than 3 gm%. It was seen that 16.9% children were low weight for age and 10.3% were of low height for age at diagnosis. Low weight for age (p value <0.01) and low albumin (p-value <0.005) were significant in DFS. We conclude that malnutrition is having much impact on prognosis of ALL in developing countries like ours. The major nutrition indicators are height for age, weight for age and serum albumin. The patients with malnutrition have less DFS duration, more chances of relapse and more toxicity during therapy as compared to well nourished children.Table 1:Nutritional status of 331 childrenVariablesNormalLowWeight for age275 (83.08%)56 (16.91%)Height for Age297 (89.73%)34 (10.3%)Total Protein274 (82.78%)57 (17.22%)Serum Albumin301 (90.94%)30 (9.06%)Table 2:Effect of Nutritional variables on remission of ALLVariableTotalRemissionNon ResponderInduction DeathTotal failure of Inductionp-valueNormal Weight for age275260 (94.54%)4 (1.45%)11 (4%)15 (5.45%)Low Weight for Age5651 (91.1%)05 (8.9%)5 (8.9%)0.236Normal Height for Age297283 (95.23%)4 (1.35%)10 (3.37%)14 (4.7%)Low Height for Age3428 (82.35%)1 (2.94%)5 (14.7%)6 (17.6%)Normal Albumin301287 (95.35%)2 (0.66%)12 (4%)14 (4.6%)Low Albumin3024 (80%)2 (6.7%)4 (13.3%)6 (20%)Table 3:Effect of Nutritional variables on Disease Free SurvivalVariableTotalDFS (%)Relapse Death (%)Death due to Other Causes (%)Total Deathp-valueNormal Weight for age275198 (72%)59 (21.45%)18 (6.54%)77 (28%)Low Weight for Age5619 (33.9%)25 (44.6%)12 (21.4%)37 (66%).001Normal Height for Age297213 (71.7%)68 (22.9%)16 (5.4%)84 (28.3%)Low Height for Age344 (11.8%)20 (58.8%)10 (29.4%)30 (88.2%)0.0001Normal Albumin301212 (70.4%)62 (20.6%)27 (8.97%)89 (29.6%)Low Albumin305 (16.7%)13 (43.33%)12 (40%)25 (83.3%)0.0001Table 4:Effect of Nutritional variables on Toxicity ProfileVariableMyeloLiverGINeuroMetabolicPancreatitisTotalNormal Weight for age (275)45 (16.36%)15 (5.45%)1 (0.36%)13 (4.72%)2 (0.72%)2 (0.72%)55 (20%)Low Weight for Age (56)21 (37.5%)9 (16.07%)3 (5.36%)5 (8.93%)2 (5.36%)24 (42.8%)Normal Height for Age (297)50 (16.8%)17 (5.72%)2 (0.67%)14 (4.71%)2 (0.67%)2 (0.67%)61 (20.8%)Low Height for Age (34)16 (47%)7 (20.5%)2 (5.8%)4 (11.6%)2 (5.8%)18 (52.9%)Normal Albumin (301)12 (3.98%)3 (0.99%)02 (0.66%)1 (0.33%)64 (21.3%)Low Albumin (30)24 (66.67%)21 (58.33%)4 (11.1%)16 (44.4%)2 (5.55%)3 (8.3%)15 (50%)Table 5:Comparison of the effect of Nutritional variables in Remission vs Relapse Group with Other StudiesVariablesYu LC et al (1994)Present Study (2011)Remission GroupRelapseRemission GroupRelapseWeight %106.4 ± 29.9109.1 ± 19.323.96 ± 13.4421.1 ± 10.1Height %99.3 ± 4.9104.9 ± 16.1121.17 ± 27.02117.85 ± 22.8Protein Mean6.65 ± 0.886.38 ± 1.12Albumin Mean4.23 ± 0.33.59 ± 0.584.01 ± 0.733.63 ± 0.93 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Growth and Nutritional Status of Children in North Korean Refugee Families

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Seong-Woo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
North Korean Refugee ◽  
Refugee Families ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Purpose: This study assessed the growth and nutritional status of children in North Korean (NK) refugee families.Methods: This study examined 301 children in NK refugee families. Their growth and nutritional status were estimated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart for Children and Adolescents. Stunting, being underweight, and wasting were defined as height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) z -scores < –2.0, respectively.Results: The overall prevalences of stunting, being underweight, and wasting were 7.6%, 5.6%, and 5.0%, respectively. In children living in South Korea for <5 years, the prevalences of stunting, being underweight, and wasting were 10.3%, 8.6%, and 3.4%, respectively, compared to 7.9%, 7.9%, and 0.0% for those living in South Korea for ≥5 years. The prevalences of WAZ and WHZ > 2.0 were 5.0% and 11.0%, respectively.Conclusion: Children in NK refugee families still suffer serious malnutrition after settling in South Korea, although being overweight is emerging as a new problem.

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