scholarly journals Pathways to economic viability: a pilot scale and techno-economic assessment for algal bioremediation of challenging waste streams

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3400-3414
Author(s):  
Hannah Leflay ◽  
Katarzyna Okurowska ◽  
Jagroop Pandhal ◽  
Solomon Brown
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Waste Streams

A microalgal–bacterial consortium was used for pilot scale bioremediation of landfill leachate. A techno-economic analysis was conducted using experimental results to provide a pathway for economic viability.

Economic Analysis of a Vertical Sheet Algal Photobioreactor for Biodiesel Production

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Zemke ◽  
Byard D. Wood ◽  
Daniel J. Dye ◽  
David J. Bayless ◽  
Jeff D. Muhs
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Algal Productivity

The combination of a 100% increase in diesel fuel prices since 2002 and a new photobioreactor technology has renewed interest in producing biodiesel, a direct petroleum diesel fuel substitute, from microalgae. A new photobioreactor technology in which the microalgae are grown on vertically suspended membranes promises to increase algal productivity per acre ten-fold compared to microalgae ponds, and 400-fold compared to soybeans. This paper describes the general photobioreactor concept and assesses the economic viability of such technology given the current crude oil prospects. The majority of the data necessary for assessment are obtained from published articles, with experimental results providing the remaining necessary information. Analysis results indicate that the photobioreactor would need to be constructed and operate on the order of dollars per square foot per year.

Process combination of nanofiltration and adsorption: optimisation of an air and back flushing procedure

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
J. Meier ◽  
T. Neymann ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Side Pressure ◽  
New Process ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Process Combination

A new process combination integrating adsorption on powdered adsorbent into a nanofiltration process is applied to landfill leachate treatment on a pilot scale. Lab scale experiments have shown that the permeate flux is significantly increased by the application of a flushing procedure combining permeate back flushing and feed and air cross flow flushing. In this paper an optimisation strategy for the flushing procedure is described and first experimental results are presented. These results indicate that the cross flow flushing velocity and the number of permeate side pressure pulses are the major factors of the flushing procedure.

scholarly journals Preliminary Techno-Economic Assessment of Animal Cell-Based Meat

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Derrick Risner ◽  
Fangzhou Li ◽  
Jason S. Fell ◽  
Sara A. Pace ◽  
Justin B. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody Production ◽  
Technological Performance ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Cost Factors

Interest in animal cell-based meat (ACBM) or laboratory-grown meat has been increasing; however, the economic viability of these potential products has not been thoroughly vetted. Recent studies suggest monoclonal antibody production technology can be adapted for the industrialization of ACBM production. This study provides a scenario-based assessment of the projected cost per kilogram of ACBM produced in the United States based on cellular metabolic requirements and process/chemical engineering conventions. A sensitivity analysis of the model identified the nine most influential cost factors for ACBM production out of 67 initial parameters. The results indicate that technological performance will need to approach technical limits for ACBM to achieve profitably as a commodity. However, the model also suggests that low-volume high-value specialty products could be viable based on current technology.

Prospective environmental and economic assessment for biotreatment of micropollutants in drinking water resources in Denmark

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Muñoz ◽  
Erik de Vries ◽  
Janneke Wittebol ◽  
Jens Aamand
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Immobilized Bacteria ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Scale Data

A prospective environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) and financial cost assessment is performed to the application of bioaugmentation to sand filters in Danish waterworks, to remove 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) from drinking water resources. Based on pilot-scale and laboratory-scale data, we compare bioaugmentation to current alternative strategies, namely granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, and well re-location. Both assessments identified well re-location as the least preferred option, however, this result is very sensitive to the distance from the waterworks to the new well. When bioaugmentation is compared to GAC, the former has a lower impact in 13 impact categories, but if immobilized bacteria are used, the impacts are higher than for GAC in all impact categories. On the other hand, from a cost perspective bioaugmentation appears to be preferable to GAC only if immobilized bacteria are used.

Performance of a pilot-scale packed bed reactor for perchlorate reduction using a sulfur oxidizing bacterial consortium

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber R. Boles ◽  
Teresa Conneely ◽  
Robert McKeever ◽  
Paul Nixon ◽  
Klaus R. Nüsslein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Packed Bed ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Perchlorate Reduction ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

scholarly journals Live performance, carcass quality, and economic assessment of over 100kg slaughtered pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Oliveira ◽  
T.M. Bertol ◽  
A. Coldebela ◽  
J.I. Santos Filho ◽  
A.J. Scandolera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Protein Deposit ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Recent genetic improvement has developed pigs with maximum potential for protein deposit at higher weights; however, their optimal slaughter weight still needs to be determined. The objective of the study was to evaluate live performance, carcass traits, and economic viability of 417 Agroceres PIC pigs slaughtered with 100, 115, 130, and 145kg live weight. Pigs were reared in pens with 10-11 barrows and gilts each, offered a feed allowance of 2.8kg/pig/day until the following slaughter weights (SW): 99.65±0.82kg, 118.53±0.98kg, 133.97±1.17kg, and 143.90±1.24. There was no interaction between sex and SW (P>0.05). Backfat thickness, fat area, and loin eye area linearly increased with SW (P<0.001; R2: 70.12-77.44%), and carcass yield increased in a quadratic manner (P<0.001; R²=24.66%). Lean yield was not affected (P>0.05), and feed conversion ratio (R²=43.29%) linearly worsened with SW (P<0.001), but the effect of SW on live production cost (R$/kg) was quadratic, with the minimum point at 134.8kg. It was concluded that, under the applied management, increasing SW results in larger amount of lean tissue with no change in its yield and little effect on growth performance.

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

scholarly journals Clinical-economic analysis of morphologic diagnosis methods of irreversible myocardial changes aimed at selecting optimal strategy of surgical treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
T. A. Kalitvyanskaya ◽  
Ye. V. Yusoubova ◽  
V. A. Kazakov ◽  
I. V. Soukhodolo ◽  
V. M. Shipoulin
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Surgery Department

The aim of the study was performing clinical-economic analysis of the assessment methods of morphologic-functional status of left ventricular myocardium in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. The assessment of expenses of morphologic study methods of before operation and intra-operation diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction irreversibility stage was done. Method of minimizing ex-penses was chosen to analyze these two approaches. Comparative analysis of morphologic methods showed that the most economi-cally profitable is before operation method. The economic assessment was performed for optimization of morphologic studies in the work of cardiovascular surgery department of the Institute of Cardiology, TSC RAMS (Tomsk). The necessity of myocardial dys-function state analysis is due to the selection of optimal approach to surgical treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy patients or re-vealing contraindications to it.

Improving the predictions of ASM2d through modelling in practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Larrea ◽  
I. Irizar ◽  
M.E. Hildago
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Autotrophic Biomass ◽  
Rate Processes

The paper presents the adjustments carried out on the structure and in some default values of the kinetic coefficients of the ASM2d model in order to get an improved prediction for the experimental results obtained in pilot scale plants studies with different activated sludge treatment processes for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal. In order to predict the high effluent filtered COD experimentally observed in high rate processes for carbon removal, a new model structure has been proposed, incorporating into the carbon model a soluble fraction of the slowly biodegradable substrate. Studies with the step feed and the alternating processes showed simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in aerated reactors which was predicted with increased values in the oxygen saturation coefficients for heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass. Both processes also showed loss of the denitrification capacity under unfavourable conditions, such us rains and low anoxic fraction, which required a very large decrease in the value of the reduction factor for denitrification so as to improve the predictions for effluent nitrate experimental results. Regarding phosphorus removal, the ASM2d model showed a satisfactory predictive capacity. For improved predictions of phosphorus release in anaerobic conditions, high values of the rate constant for storage of XPHA and low values of the anaerobic hydrolysis reduction factor were used. For phosphorus uptake in aerobic and anoxic conditions satisfactory predictions were obtained using the default values.

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