Simultaneous Identification and Quantification of Amino Acids in Biofluids by Using Reactive 19F-Tag

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun-Cheng Su ◽  
Ya-Ting Chen ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Jia-Liang Chen ◽  
Chao-Yu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
19F Nmr ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Simultaneous Identification ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Quantification of each individual amino acid in a biofluid is of great importance in biological and chemical analysis. We herein developed an efficient and simple method of 1D 19F NMR...

scholarly journals Amino acid availability: aspects of chemical analysis and bioassay methodology

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Amino Acid Availability

AbstractIt is important to be able to characterise foods and feedstuffs according to their available amino acid contents. This involves being able to determine amino acids chemically and the conduct of bioassays to determine amino acid digestibility and availability. The chemical analysis of amino acids is not straightforward and meticulousness is required to achieve consistent results. In particular and for accuracy, the effect of hydrolysis time needs to be accounted for. Some amino acids (for example, lysine) can undergo chemical modification during the processing and storage of foods, which interferes with amino acid analysis. Furthermore, the modified amino acids may also interfere with the determination of digestibility. A new approach to the determination of available lysine using a modifiedin vivodigestibility assay is discussed. Research is required into other amino acids susceptible to structural damage. There is recent compelling scientific evidence that bacterial activity in the small intestine of animals and man leads to the synthesis and uptake of dietary essential amino acids. This has implications for the accuracy of the ileal-based amino acid digestibility assay and further research is required to determine the extent of this synthesis, the source of nitrogenous material used for the synthesis and the degree of synthesis net of amino acid catabolism. Although there may be potential shortcomings in digestibility assays based on the determination of amino acids remaining undigested at the terminal ileum, there is abundant evidence in simple-stomached animals and growing evidence in human subjects that faecal-based amino acid digestibility coefficients are misleading. Hindgut microbial metabolism significantly alters the undigested dietary amino acid profile. The ileal amino acid digestibility bioassay is expected to be more accurate than its faecal-based counterpart, but correction of the ileal amino acid flow for amino acids of endogenous origin is necessary. Approaches to correcting for the endogenous component are discussed.

scholarly journals Highly expressed proteins prefer less informative amino acids

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Zhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Information Processing Perspective

AbstractThe transcriptional and translational systems are essentially information processing systems. However, how to quantify the amount of information decoded during expression remains a mystery. Here, we have proposed a simple method to evaluate the amount of information transcribed and translated during gene expression. We found that although proteins with a high copy number have more information translated, the average number of bits per amino acid is not high. The negative correlation between protein copy number and bits per amino acid indicates the selective pressure to reduce translational errors. Moreover, interacting proteins have similar bits per residue translated. All of these findings highlight the importance of understanding transcription and translation from an information processing perspective.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Amino Acids Using Papre Chromatography

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Hackman ◽  
Mahian Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Line Relationship

A simple method for the quantitative analysis of amino [teids [n'eHent ill a protein hydrolysate, or in other mixtures of amino aeids, is deserihocl. The amino aeids are separated on one�dimensional paper chromatogmllls, fOUl" solvent syst;mns being used to resolvo 17 amino acids. The chromatogrums are treatm! with a suitable reagent; to detect the spots corresponding to each amino acid . .!Daeh chromatogram, {,ftcr being made somi�t,mllsparent with dimeth:vlphthalato, is scanned nutomnticnlly, with a densitometer, and the intensity of the light transmitted by the coloured spots is recorded on light-sensitive paper. A straight line relationship was found to hold, [or all amino acids, boi;wcell conccnh'ntioll and log per cent. transmission, Tho most useful range of amino aoid OOllcolltmtion was 2 5 mlYI although tho mothod is usable in tho rango 1-"10 mlVl. 'l'he method includes a nnmber of nOW tOclllli(juOS and tho HYOeage cooflicient of variation for a sillglo readillg for an an1ino n.eid is 5-7 pOl' COllt.

The effect of thiourea and formaldehyde treatment on the chemical analysis of wool. II. Amino acid analyses

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Nicholls ◽  
LC Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
A New Technique

The anomalous amino acid analyses obtained for some amino acids, from the hydrolysates of thiourea-formaldehyde and formaldehyde-treated wool samples, are due largely to reactions with formaldehyde during acid hydrolysis. A new technique has been developed, involving hydrolysis in refluxing hydrochlorio acid in an atmosphere of nitrogen. This method improves the recovery of amino acids and has also been of assistance in explaining the abnormal analyses observed for oystine, tyrosine, lysine, and threonine in the presence of formaldehyde.

Amino acid pools in developing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: vegetative cells, gametes, and mature zygotes

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 724-728
Author(s):  
James E. Thomas ◽  
Christine A. Goertzen ◽  
Kazuo Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Unicellular Green Alga ◽  
Total Pool ◽  
Free Amino Acid Pools

Free amino acid pools were examined for cultures of vegetative cells, gametes, and mature zygotes of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Dangeard). The total pool of amino acids found in premature gametes of strains 137c+ (10.0 pmol∙μg protein−1) and 137c− (10.8 pmol∙μg protein−1) decreased to levels about half that seen in vegetative 137c− cells (19.8 pmol∙μg protein−1). Following light activation, amino acid pools in these gametes increased to 18.7 pmol∙μg protein−1 in 137c+ cells and 20.0 pmol∙μg protein−1 in 137c− cells. With the exception of cystine, individual amino acid pools in these cells had increased once more to levels similar to those seen in vegetative cells grown in liquid medium. Levels of cystine remained one to two orders of magnitude lower than that seen in vegetative cells. Mature 137c + and 137c− gametes mixed in solutions of either 2 mM cystine or 2 mM cysteine (half-cystine) suffered a 52–64% reduction, respectively, in the number of vis-à-vis conjugative pairs formed. This suggests that pools of endogenous cystine may play a role in the onset of mating. In zygotes levels of all amino acid pools, except histidine, were depressed; levels of cystine, valine, and phenylalanine were nondetectable in these cells.Key words: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, amino acid pools, gametes, zygotes, cystine.

scholarly journals Novel Numerical Characterization of Protein Sequences Based on Individual Amino Acid and Its Application

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-ping Zhang ◽  
Ya-jun Sheng ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Ping-an He ◽  
Ji-shuo Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Numerical Characteristic ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Numerical Characterization

The hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of amino acids play a very important role in protein folding and its interaction with the environment and other molecules, as well as its catalytic mechanism. Based on the two physicochemical indexes, a 2D graphical representation of protein sequences is introduced; meanwhile, a new numerical characteristic has been proposed to compute the distance of different sequences for analysis of sequence similarity/dissimilarity on the basis of this graphical representation. Furthermore, we apply the new distance in the similarities/dissimilarities of ND5 proteins of nine species and predict the four major classes based on the dataset containing 639 domains. The results show that the method is simple and effective.

A Simple and Practical Method for Isolation of an Early Plasmin Degradation Product of Human Fibrinogen

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiteru Takagi ◽  
Tadashi Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Degradation Product ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Hydrophobic Amino Acids ◽  
Very High

SummaryOne of the earliest plasmin degradation products of human fibrinogen, so-called fragment A, was isolated by a simple method.This peptide has a molecular weight of approximately 22,500, migrating electrophoretically at beta-area, and its amino acid composition shows a very high content of glycine, serine, threonine and proline, and a markedly low content of hydrophobic amino acids. This fragment does not react against anti-fibrinogen; however, the anti-serum of this fragment reacts strongly with fibrinogen.

Digestibility of amino acids in maize, wheat and barley meals measured in pigs with ileo-rectal anastomosis and isolation of the large intestine

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
S. Green ◽  
S. Bertrand ◽  
M. Duron ◽  
R. Maillard
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Rectal Anastomosis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
The Difference

Evaluation was made of the extent to which amino acids in maize, wheat and barley meals were digested by pigs.Apparent Digestibility (AD) of an individual amino acid was determined as the difference between amino acid intake and amino acid in the ileal digesta, expressed as a percentage of the intake. AD was adjusted to True Digestibility (TD) by correcting for the endogenous amino acid in the digesta, measured after feeding protein-free diets. An attempt was made to account for the possible influence of dietary fibre on digestility determinations by using protein-free diets which provided similar intakes of crude fibre as that achieved with the cereals.4 littermate male pigs (22 kg live weight) were each surgically modified to create an ileo-rectal anastomosis. The large intestine was sealed at both ends and a cannula exteriorized from its lumen to enable fermenting residues to escape. Pigs were housed in individual metabolism crates. Digesta by-passed the large intestine, were expelled via the anus and collected in trays. The spurious influence of bacteria in the large intestine, on digestibility measurement, was thus avoided.

scholarly journals Concentrations of amino acids and urea in the plasma of the ruminating calf and estimation of the amino acid requirements

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Williams ◽  
R. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

1. A study was made of factors affecting the plasma concentrations of free amino acids (PAA) and urea (PU) in calves receiving approximately equal daily amounts of concentrates (flaked maize and protein supplements) and straw, the former at 10.00 and 17.00 hours, the latter at 17.00 hours only.2. For calves receiving a diet containing 20 g nitrogen/kg dry matter in which the protein supplement was decorticated, extracted groundnut meal (DCGM) (diet A) there were marked increases in PAA and PU about 1–2 h after a morning feed, then a fall in these values 2 h later to a level which was maintained for the next 3 h. No similar changes occurred after the evening feed. Samples taken 3 h after the morning feed were used in subsequent comparative experiments. There was much more variation between animals than within animals in total PAA, PU and the concentrations of most individual amino acids in these samples.3. Total PAA and most individual amino acid concentrations were not appreciably affected when the DCGM intake was reduced to give 10 g N/kg dry matter in the diet (diet C), but PU was halved. When maize gluten replaced DCGM as the protein supplement at the higher N intake (diet B) then PU doubled, but again total PAA and most individual amino acid concentrations were little affected. Exceptions were arginine, which was halved, and leucine, which was doubled.4. Infusions of more than 4·4 g L-methionine/d into the abomasums of calves (110–160 kg live weight) receiving diet A led to a marked increase in plasma methionine concentration. This was considered to correspond with the point at which methionine requirements were met. Using a chromic oxide marker to estimate flows of methionine and cystine from the rumen to the duodenum, it was calculated that under these conditions the methionine requirement was 9·8 g/d, with a cystine flow of 4·9 g/d. Similar calculations showed the corresponding value to be 7·5 g/d with a cystine flow of 2·8 g/d for calves receiving diet C.5. Infusion of increasing levels of L-lysine into the abomasums of calves (110–160 kg live weight) receiving diet B led to a progressive increase in plasma lysine concentration. There was no consistent change in the rate of increase with increasing amounts infused. Estimated lysine requirement appeared therefore to be less than the flow of lysine from the rumen to the duodenum under these conditions (18·8 g/d).

scholarly journals High Throughput Procedure for Comparative Analysis of In Vivo Cardiac Glucose or Amino Acids Use in Cardiovascular Pathologies and Pharmacological Treatments

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Marta Tomczyk ◽  
Mariola Olkowicz ◽  
Ewa M. Slominska ◽  
Ryszard T. Smolenski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Simple Method

The heart is characterized by the prominent flexibility of its energy metabolism and is able to use diverse carbon substrates, including carbohydrates and amino acids. Cardiac substrate preference could have a major impact on the progress of cardiac pathologies. However, the majority of methods to investigate changes in substrates’ use in cardiac metabolism in vivo are complex and not suitable for high throughput testing necessary to understand and reverse these pathologies. Thus, this study aimed to develop a simple method that would allow for the analysis of cardiac metabolic substrate use. The developed methods involved the subcutaneous injection of stable 13C isotopomers of glucose, valine, or leucine with mass spectrometric analysis for the investigation of its entry into cardiac metabolic pathways that were deducted from 13C alanine and glutamate enrichments in heart extracts. The procedures were validated by confirming the known effects of treatments that modify glucose, free fatty acids, and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, we studied changes in the energy metabolism of CD73 knock-out mice to demonstrate the potential of our methods in experimental research. The methods created allowed for fast estimation of cardiac glucose and amino acid use in mice and had the potential for high-throughput analysis of changes in pathology and after pharmacological treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document