Electro-oxidative depolymerisation of technical lignin in water using platinum, nickel oxide hydroxide and graphite electrodes

Abstract Background When dispensing hearing aids, audiologists must follow validated fitting and verification procedures to ensure that the hearing aids are properly fitted to the client's hearing. Real ear measurements (REMs) are best practice for verifying hearing aids. Prior literature regarding REMs has mainly focused on the clinicians' perspective. Purpose This study investigated informational counseling throughout REMs by gathering perspectives of first-time hearing aid users regarding the content and format of counseling. Research Design The study used an interpretive description approach with focus groups. Study Sample There were 16 adult participants (4 males, 12 females) who were first-time hearing aid users and who all had memory of REMs occurring during their own hearing aid verification. Intervention We investigated the addition of informational counseling during REM verification. Data Collection and Analysis Four focus groups were conducted to elicit feedback on a demonstration of informational counseling during REM hearing aid verification. The data from the focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Analysis revealed positive aspects, negative aspects, and suggested changes in relation to the verbal and visual information presented during the REM verification demonstration. These data fell into two broad categories: the interaction and transaction of informational counseling. Conclusion Most clients were interested in learning more about REMs if the information was accessible. Results provide recommendations for clinical audiologists and REM system manufacturers to make the information presented during informational counseling more client-friendly and individualized for client-centered care. To continue exploring this new inquiry, further experimental research is required to determine if there is any added value of incorporating informational counseling during REMs.

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Fungal Treatment for the Valorization of Technical Soda Lignin

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7010039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Mariane Daou ◽

Clementina Farfan Soto ◽

Amel Majira ◽

Laurent Cézard ◽

Betty Cottyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Filamentous Fungi ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Molar Mass ◽

Glycoside Hydrolases ◽

Fungal Treatment ◽

Industrial Transformation ◽

Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽

Technical Lignin ◽

Soda Lignin ◽

Technical Lignins

Technical lignins produced as a by-product in biorefinery processes represent a potential source of renewable carbon. In consideration of the possibilities of the industrial transformation of this substrate into various valuable bio-based molecules, the biological deconstruction of a technical soda lignin by filamentous fungi was investigated. The ability of three basidiomycetes (Polyporus brumalis, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Leiotrametes menziesii) to modify this material, the resultant structural and chemical changes, and the secreted proteins during growth on this substrate were investigated. The three fungi could grow on the technical lignin alone, and the growth rate increased when the media were supplemented with glucose or maltose. The proteomic analysis of the culture supernatants after three days of growth revealed the secretion of numerous Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). The secretomic profiles varied widely between the strains and the presence of technical lignin alone triggered the early secretion of many lignin-acting oxidoreductases. The secretomes were notably rich in glycoside hydrolases and H2O2-producing auxiliary activity enzymes with copper radical oxidases being induced on lignin for all strains. The lignin treatment by fungi modified both the soluble and insoluble lignin fractions. A significant decrease in the amount of soluble higher molar mass compounds was observed in the case of P. sanguineus. This strain was also responsible for the modification of the lower molar mass compounds of the lignin insoluble fraction and a 40% decrease in the thioacidolysis yield. The similarity in the activities of P. sanguineus and P. brumalis in modifying the functional groups of the technical lignin were observed, the results suggest that the lignin has undergone structural changes, or at least changes in its composition, and pave the route for the utilization of filamentous fungi to functionalize technical lignins and produce the enzymes of interest for biorefinery applications.

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4D Bragg Edge Tomography of Directional Ice Templated Graphite Electrodes

Journal of Imaging ◽

10.3390/jimaging6120136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Ralf F. Ziesche ◽

Anton S. Tremsin ◽

Chun Huang ◽

Chun Tan ◽

Patrick S. Grant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Li Ion Battery ◽

Graphite Electrodes ◽

Neutron Spallation Source ◽

Spallation Source ◽

Li Ion ◽

Tomography Method ◽

First Time ◽

Pulsed Neutron ◽

Tomography Data ◽

Insight Into

Bragg edge tomography was carried out on novel, ultra-thick, directional ice templated graphite electrodes for Li-ion battery cells to visualise the distribution of graphite and stable lithiation phases, namely LiC12 and LiC6. The four-dimensional Bragg edge, wavelength-resolved neutron tomography technique allowed the investigation of the crystallographic lithiation states and comparison with the electrode state of charge. The tomographic imaging technique provided insight into the crystallographic changes during de-/lithiation over the electrode thickness by mapping the attenuation curves and Bragg edge parameters with a spatial resolution of approximately 300 µm. This feasibility study was performed on the IMAT beamline at the ISIS pulsed neutron spallation source, UK, and was the first time the 4D Bragg edge tomography method was applied to Li-ion battery electrodes. The utility of the technique was further enhanced by correlation with corresponding X-ray tomography data obtained at the Diamond Light Source, UK.

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Nickel oxide/hydroxide nanoplatelets synthesized by chemical precipitation for electrochemical capacitors

Electrochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 3427-3435 ◽

Cited By ~ 175

Author(s):

Mao-Sung Wu ◽

Hung-Ho Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Nickel Oxide ◽

Electrochemical Capacitors ◽

Chemical Precipitation ◽

Oxide Hydroxide

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Microwave-Ultrasonic Synergistic Extraction of Crude Se-Polysaccharides from Se-Enriched Tea

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.360 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 737 ◽

pp. 360-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tao Wang ◽

Wen Li ◽

Tong Xiang Li

Keyword(s):

Optimal Condition ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Synergistic Extraction ◽

Added Value ◽

Biological Macromolecules ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Efficient Technology ◽

Tea Production ◽

First Time

Se-polysaccharides are organic Se-conjugated biological macromolecules with stronger biological activities than Se-free polysaccharides. Se-polysaccharides, as a kind of biological materials, can be extracted from Se-enriched tea and can increase the added value of tea production. Microwave–ultrasonic synergistic extraction exhibits the advantages of microwave and ultrasonic extraction and thus provides an economic and effective path for utilization of Se-polysaccharides. In this study, Se-polysaccharides were extracted from Se-enriched tea by microwave–ultrasonic synergistic method for the first time. The optimal condition was determined through single-factor experiment and L9(43) orthogonal experiment. Results showed that the optimal condition comprised the following: ratio of solvent to material of 20:1, microwave power of 250 W, extraction temperature of 60 °C, and extraction time of 210 s; under this condition, the extraction rate of Se-polysaccharides reached the maximum value of 4.56%. This study shows that microwave–ultrasonic synergistic extraction is an efficient technology for extracting Se- polysaccharides from Se-enriched tea.

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Cheap pencil graphite electrodes for rapid voltammetric determination of chlorogenic acid in dietary supplements

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/c6ay01819j ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (35) ◽

pp. 6537-6544 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

I. G. David ◽

D. E. Popa ◽

M. Buleandra ◽

Z. Moldovan ◽

E. E. Iorgulescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Graphite Electrode ◽

Voltammetric Determination ◽

Pencil Graphite Electrode ◽

Green Coffee ◽

Graphite Electrodes ◽

First Time

A disposable pencil graphite electrode was used for the first time for rapid voltammetric determination of chlorogenic acid in green coffee dietary supplements.

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Electroanalytical detection of pindolol: comparison of unmodified and reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed graphite electrodes

The Analyst ◽

10.1039/c4an02005g ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 140 (5) ◽

pp. 1543-1550 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Loanda R. Cumba ◽

Jamie P. Smith ◽

Dale A. C. Brownson ◽

Jesús Iniesta ◽

Jonathan P. Metters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Graphite Electrodes ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

First Time ◽

Screen Printed

We demonstrate, for the first time, that the electroanalytical quantification of pindolol is actually possible using bare (unmodified) screen-printed graphite electrodes (SPEs).

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Metaanálisis entre la videolaringoscopia y la laringoscopia directa en el manejo de la vía aérea difícil por parte de anestesiólogos experimentados

Revista Electrónica AnestesiaR ◽

10.30445/rear.v10i8.608 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Orreaga Zugasti Echarte

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Difficult Airway ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Added Value ◽

Initial Management ◽

Revisión Sistemática ◽

Para Determinar ◽

First Time

En este artículo se presenta una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis para determinar si la literatura indicaba que los videolaringoscopios suponen una ventaja sobre la laringoscopia directa cuando son utilizados por anestesiólogos experimentados en el manejo de la vía aérea difícil prevista. El éxito en la intubación al primer intento fue mayor en el grupo de los videolaringoscopios. Su uso también se asoció con una significativa mejor visión de la glotis y con un menor traumatismo de la mucosa de la vía aérea. Se concluye que la videolaringoscopia es un valor añadido para el anestesiólogo experimentado, mejorando la intubación en el primer intento, la visión de la glotis y reduciendo el trauma de la mucosa, pudiendo tener un papel importante en el abordaje inicial de la vía aérea difícil prevista. ABSTRACT This article presents a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain if the literature indicated if videolaryngoscopy conferred an advantage when used by experienced anaesthetists managing patients with a known difficult airway. First-attempt success of tracheal intubation was higher in the videolaryngoscopy group. Use of videolaryngoscopy was also associated with a significantly better view of the glottis and with a less rate of airway mucosal trauma. Videolaryngoscopy has added value for the experienced anaesthetist, improving first-time success, the view of the glottis and reducing mucosal trauma. It could become a standard of care in the initial management of the known difficult airway.

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