scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of individual parameters of the sum of the sizes intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine in juvenile males and males of the first mature age in norm

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
V.P. Danylevych ◽  
Yu.Y. Guminskyi ◽  
V.O. Tykholaz ◽  
Y.O. Bezsmertnyi ◽  
S.V. Pavlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anterior Posterior

In nowadays, an important area in medicine is the early preclinical identification of the parameters deviations from the norm, where mathematical modeling can help, which should be used to calculate individual linear parameters of internal structures based on external parameters of the body. The aim of the study was to calculate the individual total linear measures of the lumbar intervertebral discs in juniors and men of the first adulthood (17-28 years) in norm. The total size of the each intervertebral discs were calculated a sum of the anterior-posterior diameter, frontal diameter and vertical sizes of each lumbar intervertebral discs, which were measured by MRI. The next step was to calculate the relative proportional nonlinear somato-disc rates (based on body weight and body length) for each individual examined. Mathematical processing of the measured parameters and the relative values of the somato-disc relationships was carried out by the statistical data processing program “STATISTICA 6.1” using parametric methods. The correct distribution of the variational series indicators, mean values and their standard errors were evaluated. Based on relative values the mathematical model was created to obtain individual values of the TS of the lumbar intervertebral discs. Subsequently, we compared the measured total discs sizes of the anterior-posterior, frontal diameters and vertical sizes of the lumbar intervertebral discs with a mathematically calculated value for each lumbar intervertebral discs. The significant difference between the mathematically calculated and measured values of the total intervertebral discs’ sizes of the didn’t exceed 10%. Determination of the standard linear dimensions of the intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine using CT and MRI and comparison with theoretically calculated indices will make it possible to diagnose early manifestations of the lumbar intervertebral discs pathology.

Comparative assessment of odontometric parameters for gender determination: A hospital based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Mosmi Lomi ◽  
Jonathan Daniel M
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Significant Difference

Determining gender is one of the most important procedure in forensics. Teeth are made of the most enduring mineralized tissues in the body, as such, they have an extraordinary resistance to putrefaction and the effects of external agents (physical, thermal, mechanical, chemical or biological) which makes them invaluable material for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic examinations.i)To assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in maxillary canine using maxillary canine index, maxillary first molar and central incisor using mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual/buccopalatal (BL) dimensions of the crown. ii) To determine the accuracy of maxillary canine index, first molar and central incisor dimensions (mesiodistal and buccolingual/buccopalatal) in determining sex.This study consisted of total 30 participants (males=15, females=15) of age group ranging from 20 to 35 yrs. Measurement of dimensions of selected teeth were performed on maxillary cast using digital Vernier caliper, resolution 0.01mm. Data thus obtained were analyzed statistically.The mean values of all the measurements in males were greater than females. There was statistical significant difference in mean value of bucco-lingual width of molar, mesiodistal width of canine (on left side, right side and average) and the inter-canine distance between males and females. The buccolingual width of molar showed the highest % of sexual dimorphism (5.33%) and the mesiodistal width of molar showed the least % of dimorphism (0.7%). Bucco-lingual width of molar posed the highest prediction accuracy for gender determination. We conclude that buccolingual width of maxillary first molar can be used to predict the gender when only teeth of maxillary arch are available for forensic examination.

scholarly journals PO-288 Research on Norm Construction and Evaluating Levels of 20-m Running in Preschool Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuikun Li ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Qiongjia Yuan ◽  
Zheng Zhao ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fitness Evaluation ◽  
Percentile Method ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective The study tested young children's 20-m running in Chengdu, analyzed of the characteristics of change in age and gender, to construct the norm and evaluation system of the 20-m running of young children and provide the basis for assessing children's sports ability and physical fitness. The results can used as one of the children's physical fitness evaluation content. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select kindergarten children in from 25 kindergartens in a district of Chengdu, and totally, 3089 children of 3-6 years old were tested．The best scores by two trials were used as the 20-m running performance. Results With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased. There are significant differences in the mean values of boys and girls aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 (F = 228.696, F = 366.477, P < 0.01). Compared with boys and girls of the same age group, boys are superior to girls, and there is no significant difference between boys and girls aged 6 (F = 0.879, P > 0.05). The differences in other groups were statistically significant (F=0.138, F=0.204, F=0.133, P < 0.01). The percentile 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 values of the 20 m running of young children were recorded, respectively, and according to the statistical percentile method to divide the evaluation grade standards, the test results of the 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentage site test results were selected to develop the five-level rating system of children's 20 m running. Conclusions  With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased, and there are significant differences between groups. It is suggested that the flexibility of nervous processes, the coordination of the body, the flexibility of joints and muscles, and the strength and endurance of muscles are gradually enhanced in children. Constructed the norm and five-grade evaluation system of preschool children's 20 m running, and provided the basis for formulating the grade standard of preschool children's physique evaluation in the future.

scholarly journals The difference in pediatric blood pressure between middle childhood and late childhood prior to dental treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Anissa Syaimima Syaiful Azim ◽  
Arlette Suzy Puspa Pertiwi ◽  
Rosiliwati Wihardja
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Every child will go through several stages in his or her life. They are different from each other as they are in the process of development of cognition, physics, emotion, and personality. For many children, a visit to the dentist can raise their anxiety. This anxiousness will lead to stress that influences the cardiovascular function in the body. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference in pediatric blood pressure between middle childhood and late childhood prior to dental treatment. This research was a clinical trial, pure experimental study. The sample consisted of 30 children within the range of 4-12 years old where they were divided into two groups of age; middle childhood (4-7 years old) and late childhood (8-12 years old). The blood pressures were measured before any dental treatment began and the values were recorded. The data were then analyzed using the One-Sample T-Test analysis. The results of blood pressure in middle childhood and late childhood were compared to the average mean values for each age group. It showed that there was a significant difference in the systolic pressure, which was found higher in the middle childhood group compared to the late childhood. From the result can be concluded that there was a difference in the pediatric blood pressure between middle childhood and late childhood prior to dental treatment.

scholarly journals Genetic homozygosity as a marker of smoking dependency

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
Slavko Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphogenetic variability as a marker of smoking dependency in adult smokers versus controls and to investigate the presence and the degree of morphogenetic variability difference between male and female smokers versus same gender controls. The cross-sectional study evaluated 241 smokers and 185 nonsmoker individuals as controls. We analyzed 17 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 17 HRCs between the controls and smokers (??2=61.400, p<0.001; for females ??2=79.440, p<0.001; for males ??2=84.972, p<0.001). The mean values of HRCs significantly differed between smokers and controls (MV?SEM(Controls) -4.79?0.13, MV?SEM(Smokers) -5.70?0.12; p<0.001). For males, presence of 6/17 (35.29% genetic homozygosity) HRCs (OR=6.12) was to the certain degree predictor for smoking dependency. Higher degree of genetic homozygosity, changed variability and male gender, might be some among potential numerous factors that could have impact on smoking development and dependence.

VALIDITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC SCANNING TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING PERCENT BODY FAT

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
K. SHITARA ◽  
H. KANEHISA ◽  
T. FUKUNAGA ◽  
T. YANAI ◽  
Y. KAWAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Body Surface ◽  
Estimated Error

Background:Three-dimensional photonic scanning (3DPS) was recently developed to measuredimensions of a human body surface. Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of bodyvolume measured by 3DPS for estimating the percent body fat (%fat). Design, setting, participants, andmeasurement:The body volumes were determined by 3DPS in 52 women. The body volume was corrected forresidual lung volume. The %fat was estimated from body density and compared with the corresponding referencevalue determined by the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results:No significant difference was foundfor the mean values of %fat obtained by 3DPS (22.2 ± 7.6%) and DXA (23.5 ± 4.9%). The root mean squareerror of %fat between 3DPS and reference technique was 6.0%. For each body segment, there was a significantpositive correlation between 3DPS- and DXA-values, although the corresponding value for the head was slightlylarger in 3DPS than in DXA. Residual lung volume was negatively correlated with the estimated error in %fat.Conclusions:The body volume determined with 3DPS is potentially useful for estimating %fat. A possiblestrategy for enhancing the measurement accuracy of %fat might be to refine the protocol for preparing thesubject’s hair prior to scanning and to improve the accuracy in the measurement of residual lung volume.

scholarly journals Are there sex differences in the body size of the Eurasian red squirrel in Slovakia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Čanády ◽  
Ladislav Mošanský ◽  
Peter Krišovský
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Sexual dimorphism of the Eurasian red squirrel on five somatic variables (head-and-body length, tail length, hind foot length, ear length and body weight) was evaluated on 55 squirrels. The overlap of values of the measured traits among sexes was high, but in all traits (with exception of the tail length) males seem to exhibit slightly higher mean values than females. However, these differences were non-significant, with the exception of a small significant difference in the tail length and tail-to-head-and-body ratio. Similarly, the results of discriminant function analysis show no differences between the sexes. Positive correlation analyses, together with PCA values, confirmed that tail length and hind foot length are traits that play a significant role in overall variability. We suggest that this relationship could explain their mutual importance in locomotion, where the feet are essential for movement in the trees. By contrast, the tail maintains balance on thin branches, or during jumps from one crown to another. Longer tails also demonstrate differential selection on males and females for a locomotor trait. Similarly, we discuss whether variations in tail length were connected to female reproductive success. Our results suggest that the non-significant results regarding SSD provide the benefit of the same size for both sexes in the protection of territory as well as inter- and intra-sexual interaction.

scholarly journals The origin and destiny of cholesterol in the animal organism. Part XIV—The cholesterol metabolism in normal breast fed infants

1925 ◽  
Vol 98 (687) ◽  
pp. 76-92 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Breast Fed

In Part XII (1921) of this series of papers, we gave an account of our investigations on the cholesterol balance of normal adult men fed on a known and carefully controlled diet. In the 26 cases examined the average intake of cholesterol per day was 0∙253 grm. and the average output 0∙56 grm. The average negative balance was thus 0∙307 grm. per day, the individual values varying between +0∙05 (1 case) and —0∙9. From these experiments we were led to the conclusion that since cholesterol is an integral constituent of all cells of the body and there is an excess of output over intake, there must be some organ in the body capable of synthesising cholesterol. .

scholarly journals Observations on the Presence of Pteroyl Polyglutamates in Human Serum

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. BANERJEE ◽  
J. B. CHATTERJEA
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pteroic Acid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Chicken Pancreas

Abstract Treatment of serum with folic acid conjugase obtained from fresh chicken pancreas indicated the presence therein of polyglutamyl derivatives of pteroic acid. The polyglutamyl derivatives appeared to belong to a group higher than the triglutamate. Two groups of subjects, one with normal level and the other with low level of unconjugated folate, were studied. In the normal group, the level of unconjugated serum folate varied between 3.2 and 18.0 ng./ml., while that of total folate (unconjugated plus conjugated) varied between 14.0 and 47.0 ng./ml. In the other group, the level of unconjugated folate varied from 2.0 to 2.6 ng./ ml., while that of total folate varied from 14.5 to 31.0 ng./ml. No significant difference, either in the individual values or in their means, was noticed in the two groups of subjects.

scholarly journals A Morphometric Study of Lumbar Spine Pedicles in Nepalese Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Rudra Prasad Marasini ◽  
Pratiksha Gautam ◽  
Binod Sherchan ◽  
Ganesh Gurung ◽  
Bachchu Ram K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
The Individual

Background and Objective: In this observational study, morphometric data were obtained and analyzed by taking plain x-rays in various age groups to establish the morphometric values in Nepalese population.Methods: All the pedicle dimensions were measured by taking plain x-ray AP (Antero-posterior) and Lateral view of the lumbar spine in 246 Nepalese of different age groups. Pedicle diameters (Vertical and Horizontal) and interpedicular distance were measured in AP radiographs and sagittal angle was measured in the lateral radiographs. Differences between mean dimensions of pedicles of male and female of various age groups were tested by using ANOVA, independent t-test was used to test the individual mean dimensions.Results: Mean values of the pedicle dimensions were found as: Horizontal diameter (L1=7.17mm, L2=7.26mm, L3= 9.50mm, L4= 10.57mm and L5=11.3mm), Vertical diameter (L1= 15.00mm, L2=15.28mm, L3=15.21mm, L4=13.44mm and L5= 12.59mm), Interpedicular distance (L1= 25.54mm, L2 =27.03mm, L3 = 27.70mm, L4 =28.62mm and L5= 31.29mm) and the sagittal angle (L1=17.83degree, L2=15.7degree, L3= 15.91degree, L4=13.94degree, and L5=12.97degree) respectively.Conclusions: Values of pedicle dimensions found in Nepalese population by this study can be guidelines for the transpedicular procedure and for further research activities.JCMS Nepal 2014; 10(4):12-17

Quantitative Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Image Sagittal T2 Mapping in Lumbar Spine Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2855-2860
Author(s):  
Lianta Su ◽  
Jianlong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disc Classification ◽  
Value Changes

Objective: To evaluate the significance of T2 value changes of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus in intervertebral disc degeneration, and to discuss feasibility and effectivity of intervertebral disc classification through MRI sagittal T2 mapping (specifically based on sagittal multi-echo SE sequence T2 mapping). Methods : 35 healthy volunteers (including 20 males and 15 females, aged 20 to 48, average age is 36.8) were randomly selected and their intervertebral discs of L3/L4, L4/L5 and L5/S1, with a sum-up of 90 discs, were scanned by sagittal MRI using routine FSE sequence as well as multi-echo SE sequence. T2 mapping was handled by image post-processing and each intervertebral disc was classified. T2 values of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus were measured and statistical analysis were performed to study the relationship between T2 values and ages, disc grades or disc locations. Results: In classification through MRI sagittal T2 mapping, the disc grade increased along with the decrease of disc location or the increase of age. T2 value of nucleus pulposus decreased along with the increase of age (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in T2 mean values of nucleus pulposus of different grades (P < 0.05). Conclusion: MRI sagittal T2 mapping provides us with a classification of intervertebral disc based on T2 values. Through evaluation of T2 mapping and measurement of T2 values of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, early stage degeneration of intervertebral disc can be monitored and the its relationship with relevant factors can be studied.

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