Regional differences in protein production by human adipose tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Arner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Activator Inhibitor

Human adipose tissue has an important protein secretory function. Cytokines, hormones, prohormones and enzymes are secreted from fat cells and act in an endocrine or paracrine fashion. The production of several of these proteins is affected by obesity; normally there is an increase in the obese state. Protein production is, as a metabolic activity, subject to regional variations. In particular, the production of leptin, angiotensinogen, interleukin-6 and plasmin activator inhibitor-1 differs between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue sites, but no regional differences have been reported in the production of tumour necrosis factor α. It is possible that regional variations in protein production by adipose tissue are of importance in some of the endocrine and metabolic disturbances seen in various forms of obesity, such as visceral and upper-body obesity.

Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human adipose tissue: a role for TNF-α?

1999 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cigolini ◽  
M. Tonoli ◽  
L. Borgato ◽  
L. Frigotto ◽  
F. Manzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Activator Inhibitor

Regional Variation in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Adipose Tissue from Obese Individuals

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (04) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Van Harmelen ◽  
Johan Hoffstedt ◽  
Per Lundquist ◽  
Hubert Vidal ◽  
Veronika Stemme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryHigh plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity is a frequent finding in obesity and adipose tissue has recently been suggested to be a source of circulating PAI-1 in humans. In the present study, differences in adipose tissue gene expression and protein secretion rate of PAI-1 between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was analysed in specimens obtained from 22 obese individuals. The secretion rate of PAI-1 was two-fold higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue than in visceral adipose tissue (292 ± 50 vs 138 ± 24 ng PAI-1/107 cells, P <0.05). In accordance with the secretion data, subcutaneous adipose tissue contained about three-fold higher levels of PAI-1 mRNA than visceral adipose tissue (2.43 ± 0.37 vs 0.81 ± 0.12 attomole PAI-1 mRNA/µg total RNA, P <0.001). PAI-1 secretion from subcutaneous but not from visceral adipose tissue correlated significantly with cell size (r = 0.43, P <0.05). In summary, subcutaneous adipose tissue secreted greater amounts of PAI-1 and had a higher PAI-1 gene expression than visceral adipose tissue from the same obese individuals. Bearing in mind that subcutaneous adipose tissue is the largest fat depot these finding may be important for the coagulation abnormalities associated with obesity.

scholarly journals Pathways regulated by glucocorticoids in omental and subcutaneous human adipose tissues: a microarray study

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (3) ◽  
pp. E571-E580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Jeong Lee ◽  
Da-Wei Gong ◽  
Bryan F. Burkey ◽  
Susan K. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Glucocorticoids (GC) are powerful regulators of adipocyte differentiation, metabolism, and endocrine function and promote the development of upper body obesity, especially visceral fat stores. To provide a comprehensive understanding of how GC affect adipose tissue and adipocyte function, we analyzed patterns of gene expression (HG U95 Affymetrix arrays) after culture of abdominal subcutaneous (Abd sc) and omental (Om) adipose tissues from severely obese subjects (3 F, 1 M) in the presence of insulin or insulin (7 nM) plus dexamethasone (Dex, 25 nM) for 7 days. About 20% (561 genes in Om and 569 genes in sc) of 2,803 adipose expressed genes were affected by long-term GC. While most of the genes (90%) were commonly regulated by Dex in both depots, 26 in Om and 34 in Abd sc were affected by Dex in only one depot. 60% of the commonly upregulated genes were involved in metabolic pathways and were expressed mainly in adipocytes. Dex suppressed genes in immune/inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, expressed in nonadipocytes) and proapoptotic pathways, yet induced genes related to the acute-phase response (SAA, factor D, haptoglobin, and RBP4, expressed in adipocytes) and stress/defense response. Functional classification analysis showed that Dex also induced expression levels of 22 transcription factors related to insulin action and lipogenesis (LXRα, STAT5α, SREBP1, and FoxO1) and immunity/adipogenesis (TSC22D3) while suppressing 17 transcription factors in both depots. Overall, these studies reveal the powerful effects of GC on gene networks that regulate many key functions in human adipose tissue.

Direct attenuation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression in human adipose tissue by thiazolidinediones

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (04) ◽  
pp. 674-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Leugers ◽  
Jens Lohrmann ◽  
Sandra Ernst ◽  
Burton Sobel ◽  
Christoph Bode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Inhibitor Type ◽  
Activator Inhibitor Type ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryAdipose tissue produces substantial amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), an established cardiovascular risk factor. This study evaluated PAI-1 expression in human adipose tissue in response to thiazolidinediones, insulin sensitising drugs activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPAR-γ). Troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and ciglitazone significantly reduced PAI-1 protein expression in human preadipocytes under basal conditions and after stimulation of the cells with TGF-β. Pioglitazone had no effect. In human adipocytes all four thiazolidinediones significantly attenuated PAI-1 expression. Signalling appeared to be mediated via PPAR-γ and effects reflected, at least in part, changes in transcription. Accordingly, patients with insulin resistance may benefit from treatment with thiazolidinediones with respect to diminution of PAI-1 expression in adipose tissue and consequent potential reduction of cardiovascular risk.

Abstract 205: Protective Role for B-1 B Cells and IgM Antibodies in Obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Harmon ◽  
Stephanie N Oldham ◽  
Chantel C McSkimming ◽  
Heather M Perry ◽  
Jennifer L Kirby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Natural Igm ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Innate B-1 B cells can protect against inflammatory disease through production of natural IgM antibodies, but little is known regarding their role in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. In this study, we explore the role murine B-1 B cells play in regulating diet-induced glucose intolerance. In addition, we examine bariatric surgery samples for the presence of B cells in human adipose tissue and circulating natural IgM antibodies. We show that mice with increased visceral adipose tissue B-1b B cells due to B cell specific deletion of Id3 (Id3 BcellKO ) have attenuated high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance compared to littermate controls. Omental visceral adipose tissue from Id3 BcellKO mice had enhanced local natural IgM antibody secretion (49.0 ± 5.9 vs. 17.5 ± 4.2 U/mg fat), and demonstrated attenuated HFD-induced secretion of TNFa (2.5 ± 0.3 vs. 6.7 ± 1.3 pg/mg fat) and IFNg (0.10 ± 0.02 vs. 0.48 ± 0.14 pg/mg fat). Adoptive transfer of B-1b B cells null for Id3 protected against diet-induced glucose intolerance in Rag1 -/- hosts, while B-1b B cells unable to secrete IgM had no effect. Additional studies in humans undergoing bariatric surgery showed CD20+CD27+CD43+ B cells, previously shown to have B-1-like characteristics, within omental adipose tissue. A correlation was found between their presence and serum natural IgM levels (r=0.52). In addition, natural IgM levels were inversely associated with the inflammatory chemokine, MCP-1 (r=-0.21). Finally, IgM, but not IgG, natural antibodies were inversely associated with insulin resistance (r=0.32). Together, our findings provide the first evidence that B-1b B cells protect against diet-induced glucose intolerance in an IgM-dependent manner in mice, and suggest that anti-inflammatory natural IgM antibodies may modulate the inflammatory and metabolic consequences of obesity in humans.

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