Catamenial Variations in Erythrocyte Sodium–Lithium Countertransport and Blood Pressure

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Adebayo ◽  
L. Hemeryck ◽  
M. Hall ◽  
D. Gasparro ◽  
M. Sinnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Temporal Study ◽  
Erythrocyte Sodium ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol

1. We undertook a temporal study of external sodium-stimulated lithium efflux (sodium—lithium countertransport) in erythrocytes and blood pressure by measuring these two parameters in three phases of the menstrual cycle (menstrual, midcycle and luteal phases) in 22 healthy, non-medicated females with regular menstrual cycles. Plasma oestradiol and progesterone levels were also determined. 2. Sodium—lithium countertransport activity (activity in 140 mmol/1 external NaCl) in the midcycle phase (0.176 ± 0.017 mmol h−1 l−1 of cells) was lower than in the menstrual (0.192 ± 0.016 mmol h−1 l−1 of cells, P < 0.030) and luteal (0.203 ± 0.018 mmol h−1 l−1 of cells, P < 0.030) phases. The Vmax of the transporter changed similarly but the Km was unaltered. 3. The plasma oestradiol level was 628.9 ± 39.1 pmol/1 in the midcycle phase, higher than in the menstrual (232 ± 18.5 pmol/1, P < 0.001) and luteal (372.5 ± 28.1 pmol/1, P < 0.001) phases. The progesterone level was 28.6 ± 2.1 nmol/1 in the luteal phase, and values were lower in the menstrual (2.5 ± 0.3 nmol/1, P < 0.001) and midcycle (2.8 ± 0.4 nmol/1, P < 0.001) phases. 4. There was no correlation between plasma oestradiol and sodium—lithium countertransport activity or Vmax during the menstrual cycle, but plasma progesterone was positively correlated with sodium—lithium countertransport activity (r = 0.478, P < 0.025, n = 22) and Vmax (r = 0.551, P < 0.045, n = 14) in the luteal phase. 5. Systolic blood pressure did not change significantly during the menstrual cycle. However, the diastolic pressure showed variation similar to that in sodium—lithium countertransport activity/Vmax, its midcycle value of 66.6 ± 1.4 mmHg being lower than that in the luteal (71.6 ± 1.3 mmHg, P < 0.025) and menstrual (70.6 ± 1.4 mmHg, P < 0.025) phases. 6. We conclude that sodium—lithium countertransport activity exhibits catamenial variation. Therefore we suggest, given this observation, that blood sampling for the assessment of the state of activity of the transport system be standardized in relation to a phase of the menstrual cycle in future studies involving females.

Haemodynamic responses to psychosocial stress during the menstrual cycle

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Manhem ◽  
Christina Jern ◽  
Martin Pilhall ◽  
Guy Shanks ◽  
Sverker Jern
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

1. The haemodynamic effects of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle were examined in 11 normotensive women (age 20–46 years). The subjects were studied on days 2–8 (follicular phase) and days 18–26 (luteal phase) in a randomized order. A standardized mental stress test and a 24 h recording of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate were performed. 2. Pre-stress resting levels of heart rate and blood pressure were similar during the two phases of the menstrual cycle. 3. During mental stress, the heart rate response was significantly greater during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase (14.7 versus 9.7 beats/min; P < 0.05). 4. Blood pressure, plasma catecholamine concentrations and subjective stress experience increased significantly in response to stress, without any significant differences between the two phases. 5. During 24 h ambulatory monitoring, higher levels of systolic blood pressure and heart rate were observed in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase (P < 0.005 and P < 0.0001, respectively). 6. These data indicate that cyclic variations in female sex hormones not only affect systolic blood pressure and heart rate, but also alter the haemodynamic responses to psychosocial stress.

Decreased thermal conductance during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in women

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Frascarolo ◽  
Y. Schutz ◽  
E. Jequier
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Direct Calorimetry ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Metabolic Heat

To study the influence of the menstrual cycle on whole body thermal balance and on thermoregulatory mechanisms, metabolic heat production (M) was measured by indirect calorimetry and total heat losses (H) were measured by direct calorimetry in nine women during the follicular (F) and the luteal (L) phases of the menstrual cycle. The subjects were studied while exposed for 90 min to neutral environmental conditions (ambient temperature 28 degrees C, relative humidity 40%) in a direct calorimeter. The values of M and H were not modified by the phase of the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, in both phases the subjects were in thermal equilibrium because M was similar to H (69.7 +/- 1.8 and 72.1 +/- 1.8 W in F and 70.4 +/- 1.9 and 71.4 +/- 1.7 W in L phases, respectively). Tympanic temperature (Tty) was 0.24 +/- 0.07 degrees C higher in the L than in the F phase (P less than 0.05), whereas mean skin temperature (Tsk) was unchanged. Calculated skin thermal conductance (Ksk) was lower in the L (17.9 +/- 0.6 W.m-2.degrees C-1) than in the F phase (20.1 +/- 1.1 W.m-2.degrees C-1; P less than 0.05). Calculated skin blood flow (Fsk) was also lower in the L (0.101 +/- 0.008 l.min-1.m-2) than in the F phase (0.131 +/- 0.015 l.min-1.m-2; P less than 0.05). Differences in Tty, Ksk, and Fsk were not correlated with changes in plasma progesterone concentration. It is concluded that, during the L phase, a decreased thermal conductance in women exposed to a neutral environment allows the maintenance of a higher internal temperature.

scholarly journals Correlation between endometrial dating of luteal phase days 6 and 10 of the same menstrual cycle

1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 1734-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Haddad Filho ◽  
Agnaldo Pereira Cedenho ◽  
Vilmon de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
Study Setting

CONTEXT: Endometrial maturation, important in the diagnosis of infertile couples, has been evaluated since 1950 using the Noyes criteria. Nevertheless, there is no consensus regarding the most suitable period of the luteal phase for performing the biopsy. OBJETIVE: This study evaluated the correlation between the histological dating of two endometrial biopsies performed in the same menstrual cycle, on luteal phase days six and ten. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Human Reproduction Division of the Federal University of São Paulo, referral center. PATIENTS:Twenty-five women complaining of infertility had their menstrual cycles monitored by ultrasound and LH plasma levels, to obtain evidence of ovulation. PROCEDURES: Endometrial biopsies were performed on luteal phase days LH+6 and LH+10 (luteal phase day 1 = LH+1 = the day that follows LH peak). Dating was done according to morphometric criteria, in which an endometrium sample is considered out of phase if the minimum maturation delay is one day. On day LH+6, blood was drawn for plasma progesterone level determination. RESULTS: All patients had an ovulatory cycle (mean LH peak: 47.4 U/L; mean follicular diameter on LH peak day: 18.9 mm; mean endometrial thickness on LH peak day: 10.3 mm; mean plasma progesterone level on day LH+6: 14.4 ng/ml). 14 patients had both biopsies in phase; 5 patients had out of phase biopsies only on day LH+6; 3 had out of phase biopsies only on day LH+10 and 3 patients had out of phase biopsies on both days. McNemar's test showed no statistical difference between these data (p>33.36%). CONCLUSIONS: The correlation found between the endometrial datings suggests that biopsies performed on either of these two days are suitable for evaluation of endometrial maturation.

scholarly journals Variation in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation pressure and augmentation index during different phases of menstrual cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nudrath Kahkashan ◽  
Mehnaaz Sameera Arifuddin ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari ◽  
Safia Sultana ◽  
Farah Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Pressure

Physiological variation of estrogen and progesterone during menstrual cycle is well known. They not only have an effect on blood pressure control, but also seem to have a role in regulating arterial compliance. This study was done to find out whether there are any changes in central arterial parameters during different phases of menstrual cycle. Thirty female subjects in the age group of 18-22 years with normal, regular menstrual cycles participated in this prospective observational study at our teaching hospital. Anthropometric parameters were recorded. Blood pressure in all 4 limbs was recorded using cardiovascular risk analyzer-Periscope™ on Day 3rd to 5th (follicular phase), Day 12th to 14th (ovulation phase), Day 22nd to 24th (luteal phase) of their menstrual cycle. We collected blood samples during these three phases for estimation of estradiol and progesterone by ELISA technique. Analysis of variance and correlation statistics were done using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. No significant statistical changes were observed in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, aortic systolic pressure, aortic diastolic pressure, aortic augmentation pressure, aortic index and pulse wave velocity during the three recorded phases of the menstrual cycle. There are many studies which correlate changes in peripheral artery blood pressure with different phases of menstrual cycle. But there is scarcity in data available which correlates central arterial pressures and arterial stiffness with natural hormonal variations in different phases of menstrual cycle. However, our results show that although there are subtle changes in blood pressure parameters along with estrogen and progesterone levels throughout the menstrual cycle, yet these were not statistically significant.

Hypercapnic blood pressure response is greater during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 2142-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Edwards ◽  
I. Wilcox ◽  
O. J. Polo ◽  
C. E. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Edwards, N., I. Wilcox, O. J. Polo, and C. E. Sullivan.Hypercapnic blood pressure response is greater during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2142–2146, 1996.—We investigated the cardiovascular responses to acute hypercapnia during the menstrual cycle. Eleven female subjects with regular menstrual cycles performed hypercapnic rebreathing tests during the follicular and luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. Ventilatory and cardiovascular variables were recorded breath by breath. Serum progesterone and estradiol were measured on each occasion. Serum progesterone was higher during the luteal [50.4 ± 9.6 (SE) nmol/l] than during the follicular phase (2.1 ± 0.7 nmol/l; P < 0.001), but serum estradiol did not differ (follicular phase, 324 ± 101 pmol/l; luteal phase, 162 ± 71 pmol/l; P = 0.61). The systolic blood pressure responses during hypercapnia were 2.0 ± 0.3 and 4.0 ± 0.5 mmHg/Torr (1 Torr = 1 mmHg rise in end-tidal [Formula: see text]) during the follicular and luteal phases, respectively, of the menstrual cycle ( P < 0.01). The diastolic blood pressure responses were 1.1 ± 0.2 and 2.1 ± 0.3 mmHg/Torr during the follicular and luteal phases, respectively ( P < 0.002). Heart rate responses did not differ during the luteal (1.7 ± 0.3 beats ⋅ min−1 ⋅ Torr−1) and follicular phases (1.4 ± 0.3 beats ⋅ min−1 ⋅ Torr−1; P = 0.59). These data demonstrate a greater pressor response during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle that may be related to higher serum progesterone concentrations.

Peripheral Haemodynamics and Renal Function in Relation to the Menstrual Cycle

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Van Beek ◽  
A. J. H. M. Houben ◽  
P. N. Van Es ◽  
C. Willekes ◽  
E. C. C. M. Korten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Vascular Relaxation ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle differs from the follicular phase by the development of a state of general vascular relaxation. 2. Once in the follicular and once in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, we measured by non-invasive techniques: arterial blood pressure (by finger blood pressure measurements), vascular tone (by pulse-wave velocity and plethysmography), blood flow to skin (by laser-Doppler), blood flow to forearm (by plethysmography) and blood flow to kidneys (by para-aminohippurate clearance), and the glomerular filtration rate (by inulin clearance). The data points obtained in the luteal phase were compared with those in the follicular phase by non-parametric tests. 3. Arterial blood pressure, vascular tone and the blood flows to the forearm and kidneys were comparable in the two phases of the menstrual cycle. In contrast, the blood flow to the skin was consistently lower, and the glomerular filtration rate higher in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. 4. The results of the present study do not support our hypothesis of a general vascular relaxation in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The lower skin flow in the luteal phase may be an adaptation needed to ensure the higher core temperature of 0.3–0.5°C in the luteal phase. The higher glomerular filtration rate was in most cases paralleled by a higher renal blood flow in the luteal phase. This suggests that the higher glomerular filtration rate is secondary to a selective vasorelaxation of the afferent renal arterioles.

Effect of pulsatile infusion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone on plasma oestradiol-17β concentrations and follicular development during naturally and artificially maintained high levels of plasma progesterone in heifers

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Glencross
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol

ABSTRACT To stimulate a follicular-phase pattern of pulsatile LH release, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 5 μg) was infused (i.v.) hourly into heifers for periods of 5–11 days during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle, and also when plasma progesterone levels were increased artificially by means of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device. Plasma oestradiol-17β concentrations increased from basal (EEE 2·5 pmol/l) to preovulatory peak levels (20–30 pmol/l) during the first 3 days of GnRH treatment. They were maintained at these values before returning to basal levels within 24 h of cessation of infusion. This response occurred regardless of the source of progesterone (endogenous or administered). Follicular development was observed by ovarian palpation (per rectum) in some heifers at the time of maximum secretion of oestradiol-17β. There was no detectable cervical mucus secretion or oestrous behaviour during these periods of high oestradiol-17β levels and ovulation did not occur. Treatment with GnRH did not affect plasma progesterone concentrations or oestrous cycle length. The study shows that oestradiol-17β secretion and follicular development (and the accompanying oestrus and ovulation) are suppressed during the luteal phase of the cycle by high concentrations of plasma progesterone, and provides strong indirect evidence that such inhibition is associated with a reduction in the pulse frequency of LH release. J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 77–85

CIRCADIAN VARIATIONS IN PLASMA PROGESTERONE IN THE LUTEAL PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND DURING PREGNANCY

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Runnebaum ◽  
W. Rieben ◽  
A.-M. Bierwirth-v. Münstermann ◽  
J. Zander
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma

ABSTRACT Serial plasma progesterone determinations were performed by gas-liquid chromatography in healthy women during 24 hour periods during the luteal phase of the cycle and during pregnancy. In 10 women during the hyperthermic phase of the cycle and in 14 women during early pregnancy (week 8–18) no significant circadian variation in the peripheral plasma progesterone concentration was observed. During later pregnancy (week 20–41) in 15 women, a statistically significant rise in the plasma progesterone concentration, usually from 8.00 a.m. until between 4.00 and 8.00 p. m. followed by a decrease after 8.00 p. m. until between 4.00 and 8.00 a. m., was demonstrated. The data indicate a diurnal change in the peripheral plasma progesterone level during the last trimester of pregnancy.

LUTEINIZING HORMONE LEVELS DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE OF THE BABOON (PAPIO HAMADRYAS)

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Goncharov ◽  
A. V. Antonichev ◽  
V. M. Gorluschkin ◽  
L. Chachundocova ◽  
D. M. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Lh Surge

ABSTRACT The peripheral plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) as measured by an in vitro bioassay method were determined in daily plasma samples collected throughout one menstrual cycle in 8 normally menstruating baboons (Papio hamadryas). In addition LH was measured in plasma at three hourly intervals throughout the day in the follicular, peri-ovulatory and luteal phases of the cycle in 7, 3 and 6 animals respectively. The plasma levels of progesterone and oestradiol were also determined in the same samples throughout the menstrual cycle and during the period of the midcycle LH surge. The circulating LH profile measured throughout the cycle was characterized by a sharp mid-cycle surge (completed within one day) which was followed by a series of LH surges of varying intensity during the luteal phase of the cycle. The initial surge was considered to be pre-ovulatory as indicated by its relationship to the peak of plasma oestradiol and to the first significant increase in the levels of plasma progesterone above values found earlier in the follicular phase. A circadian rhythm of LH was observed during the luteal phase of the cycle; a 3 fold rise in LH was noted during the hours 15.00 to 24.00. No differences were observed throughout the day in the follicular phase of the cycle. The LH profile in three animals studied during the mid-cycle LH surge showed pronounced circadian changes with a major peak at 24.00 h. Plasma progesterone levels during this period rose sharply to values normally found in the mid-luteal phase of the cycle. A comparison of plasma levels of biologically active LH during the menstrual cycle of the baboon with those found in normally menstruating women reveals that in the baboon the LH peak is of much shorter duration and the levels in the follicular and peri-menstrual phases are significantly lower than in the human.

Changes in plasma LRH during the normal menstrual cycle in women

1980 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Miyake ◽  
Y. Kawamura ◽  
T. Aono ◽  
K. Kurachi
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol

Abstract. The plasma concentrations of immunoreactive LRH, LH, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone were measured daily by a sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay during 12 cycles of 8 normal cyclic women. The mean (± se) immunoreactive LRH levels in the follicular and luteal phase except the immunoreactive LRH peaks during normal cycles were 4.18 ± 0.38 pg/ml and 4.50 ± 0.45 pg/ml, respectively. The immunoreactive LRH peaks were observed in 11 of 12 cycles, appearing on day −4 to −1 from the LH surge in 9 cycles and on day +1 and +2 in 2 cycles. The mean value of immunoreactice LRH peaks was 42.0 ± 11.4 pg/ml with range of 12 to 154 pg/ml. The immunoreactive LRH peak lasted for one day in 10 cycles and for 4 days in one cycle. The immunoreactive LRH peaks in different cycles of the same women did not occur on the same day relative to the LH peak. The plasma immunoreactive LRH levels measured every 10 min for 40 min periods every day in normal cyclic women during the ovulatory phase showed slight, but not significant fluctuations. Plasma oestradiol levels began to increase on day −6, reaching a peak on day − 1, and were followed by peaks of LH and FSH. These data indicate that increase in serum oestradiol was followed by release of LRH from the hypothalamus and pre-ovulatory discharge of gonadotrophins from the pituitary.

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