Effect of Presentation Modality on Immediate and Delayed Recall in Individuals With Alzheimer’s Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Mahendra ◽  
Kathryn A. Bayles ◽  
Frances P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Presentation Modality ◽  
Story Recall ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Story Retelling

Episodic memory (EM) deficits are the hall-mark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Story-retelling tasks are particularly sensitive to EM impairments and require participants to recall a short story immediately and after a delay. The purpose of this study was to determine whether presentation modality influences story recall in AD participants. Thirty AD participants and 30 healthy elders recalled short stories in (a) auditory, (b) visual, and (c) combined auditory-visual modalities. Recall was assessed immediately as well as after 15- and 30-min delays. Presentation modality significantly influenced story recall in AD participants. AD participants demonstrated better recall after silently reading a story than after hearing an examiner tell the story or simultaneously hearing and reading the story. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Verbal Episodic Memory and Endogenous Estradiol: An Association in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Bittner ◽  
V. Bittner ◽  
M. W. Riepe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Apoe Phenotype ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

In the continuum of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal controls, a possible association of verbal memory and endogenous estradiol (E2) levels was investigated. Verbal episodic memory was measured with a german version of the California verbal memory test (CVLT). Results were controlled for apolipoprotein E (ApoE) phenotype. We studied 37 controls, 32 MCIs and 117 ADs. Groups differed in all trials of the CVLT and in E2levels . E2 levels differed significantly between groups only among females . In females correcting for age and ApoE, there was an overall correlation between CVLT delayed recall and level of E2  . Stepwise regression analyses found E2level to be a significant predictor for CVLT delayed recall . It may be concluded that lower E2levels occur more in the course of the disease than may be considered as a risk factor per se.

Intrusions in story recall: When over-learned information interferes with episodic memory recall. Evidence from Alzheimer's disease

Cortex ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca De Anna ◽  
Eve Attali ◽  
Laurence Freynet ◽  
Lucie Foubert ◽  
Aurore Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Story Recall

Gist Distinctions in Healthy Cognitive Aging Versus Mild Alzheimer's Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Chapman ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Garen Sparks ◽  
C. Munro Cullum
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Word List ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
The Third

AbstractThere is limited understanding of the effects of normal and abnormal aging on gist-based memory in relation to the massive evidence regarding detail-based memory. This void is striking given the widely accepted view that memory is rarely veridical, but most often abstracted. The present study examined the effects of healthy advanced aging and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) on three distinct forms of gist. Two of these gist forms involved a passage: transformed gist (global generalised meaning of a passage) and main-idea gist (main points of a passage). The third gist form involved a word list: categorical gist (clustering of words according to semantic categories during list recall). These gist forms were assessed in immediate and delayed recall conditions. A total of 36 participants were included: 12 cognitively healthy young seniors (65–79 years), 12 cognitively healthy old seniors (80–95 years), and 12 young seniors with mild AD (65–79 years). The findings revealed that age and dementia did not equally affect all three forms of gist. Specifically, transformed gist was relatively maintained in the cognitively healthy senior groups as compared to the other two gist forms (main-idea gist and categorical gist), whereas all three gist forms were impaired in individuals with AD. The present study suggests that transformed gist operates differently than detail-based memory in the cognitively healthy senior groups. These findings have important theoretical implications in terms of informing existing models on the interrelationship between gist and detail-based memory and clinical implications in diagnosis of AD.

scholarly journals Association between increased levels of amyloid-β oligomers in plasma and episodic memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Meng ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xiaozhen Lv ◽  
Zhiyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective The objectives of this study were to investigate whether the plasma levels of oligomeric amyloid-β (OAβ) were affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to examine the associations (or possible correlations) between plasma OAβ levels and memory performance. Method Thirty subjects with AD and 28 cognitively normal controls were recruited in the study. The multimer detection system (MDS) was used to measure the levels of OAβ in the plasma. In addition to assessing the general cognitive function with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive portion (ADAS-Cog), the common objects memory test (COMT) was used to examine the episodic memory performance. Pearson’s and partial correlation analyses were conducted to explore the associations between cognitive performance and OAβ levels in the plasma. A receiving operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to discriminate between the AD and control groups. Results The plasma OAβ levels in the AD group were significantly higher than those in the control group [1.88 (0.38) ng/ml vs 1.20 (0.40) ng/ml, p < 0.001]. The elevated levels of plasma OAβ showed a strong correlation with cognitive performance in patients with AD, including an inverse correlation with scores on the MMSE (r = − 0.43, p = 0.02), CASI (r = − 0.56, p < 0.01), and the immediate recall (r = − 0.45, p = 0.01), 5-min delayed recall (r = − 0.56, p < 0.01), and 30-min delayed recall (r = − 0.71, p < 0.001) tests of the COMT, and a positive correlation with the ADAS-Cog scores (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). The EDTA plasma Aβ oligomer optical density (OD) value measured using the MDS could discriminate between the AD and control groups with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89. The optimal sensitivity and specificity were 82.1% and 90.0%, respectively. Conclusion The elevated levels of OAβ in the plasma distinguished the AD and control groups and were associated with the severity of symptoms, especially memory performance, in patients with AD. Our results suggested that plasma OAβ could potentially be a simple and non-invasive blood-based biomarker for AD diagnosis. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the application of plasma OAβ levels as a valid diagnostic biomarker in patients with AD.

scholarly journals An amyloid sensitive composite model to determine subtle cognitive differences in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Min Jung Hahn ◽  
Young Ju Kim ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
Hyemin Jang ◽  
Duk L. Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
Color Reading ◽  
Mimic Model ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Preclinical Ad

Abstract Background: Recently, the focus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research has shifted from the clinical and symptomatic stage to the preclinical and asymptomatic stage. However, studies on the distinctive neuropsychological features of preclinical AD with adjusted measurement errors are insufficient. The present study aimed to investigate the distinctive cognitive features of preclinical AD and develop a cognitive composite model that can sensitively distinguish between the amyloid positive (Aβ+) and amyloid negative (Aβ-) status in cognitively normal (CN) elderly participants. Methods: A total of 423 CN elderly participants with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) images were recruited. Using the multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) model, sensitive cognitive domains to the Aβ+ group were found. Then, several cognitive tests were selected to create the cognitive composite model as a result of the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The MIMIC model revealed that the domains of episodic memory (verbal and visual) and executive functions were significantly different between Aβ- and Aβ+ ( p <0.05) participants. According to MANCOVA, the Seoul Verbal Learning Test-Elderly’s version (SVLT-E) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) both distinguished between the Aβ+ group and the Aβ- group on the delayed recall tests in terms of episodic memory ( p <0.1). Furthermore, on tests of executive functions, the Aβ+ group performed worse than the Aβ- group in color reading of the Korean-Color Word Stroop test (K-CWST) and the animal naming of the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) ( p <0.1). Consequently, the Preclinical Amyloid Sensitive Composite (PASC) model was comprised of SVLT-E delayed recall, RCFT delayed recall, K-CWST color reading, COWAT-animal, and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) according to the results from our study and previous studies. Conclusions: In the present study, we developed our own composite PASC model with the distinctive cognitive profiles of Aβ+ CN individuals. Hence, this composite model can eventually contribute to not only early detection but also early interventions for AD.

Impact of Comorbid Depression on Serial Position Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke A. Hofrichter ◽  
Sandra Dick ◽  
Thomas G. Riemer ◽  
Carsten Schleussner ◽  
Monique Goerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Word List ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
List Memory

Hippocampal dysfunction and deficits in episodic memory have been reported for both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Primacy performance has been associated with hippocampus-dependent episodic memory, while recency may reflect working memory performance. In this study, serial position profiles were examined in a total of 73 patients with MDD, AD, both AD and MDD, and healthy controls (HC) by means of CERAD-NP word list memory. Primacy performance was most impaired in AD with comorbid MDD, followed by AD, MDD, and HC. Recency performance, on the other hand, was comparable across groups. These findings indicate that primacy in AD is impaired in the presence of comorbid MDD, suggesting additive performance decrements in this specific episodic memory function.

The Self-Reference Effect on Episodic Memory Recollection in Young and Older Adults and Alzheimer’s Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lalanne ◽  
Johanna Rozenberg ◽  
Pauline Grolleau ◽  
Pascale Piolino
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Reference

scholarly journals Women have Farther to Fall: Gender Differences Between Normal Elderly and Alzheimer's Disease in Verbal Memory Engender Better Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Chapman ◽  
Mark Mapstone ◽  
Margaret N. Gardner ◽  
Tiffany C. Sandoval ◽  
John W. McCrary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Immediate Recall

AbstractWe analyzed verbal episodic memory learning and recall using the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to determine how gender differences in AD compare to those seen in normal elderly and whether or not these differences impact assessment of AD. We administered the LM to both an AD and a Control group, each comprised of 21 men and 21 women, and found a large drop in performance from normal elders to AD. Of interest was a gender interaction whereby the women's scores dropped 1.6 times more than the men's did. Control women on average outperformed Control men on every aspect of the test, including immediate recall, delayed recall, and learning. Conversely, AD women tended to perform worse than AD men. Additionally, the LM achieved perfect diagnostic accuracy in discriminant analysis of AD versus Control women, a statistically significantly higher result than for men. The results indicate the LM is a more powerful and reliable tool in detecting AD in women than in men. (JINS, 2011, 17, 654–662)

scholarly journals Decline in verbal memory during preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Examination of the effect of APOE genotype

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
KELLY L. LANGE ◽  
MARK W. BONDI ◽  
DAVID P. SALMON ◽  
DOUGLAS GALASKO ◽  
DEAN C. DELIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Ε4 Allele

A subtle decline in episodic memory often occurs prior to the emergence of the full dementia syndrome in nondemented older adults who develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). The APOE-ε4 genotype may engender a more virulent form of AD that hastens this decline. To examine this possibility, we compared the rate of decline in episodic memory during the preclinical phase of AD in individuals with or without at least one APOE ε4 allele. Nondemented normal control (NC; n = 84) participants, nondemented older adults who subsequently developed dementia within 1 or 2 years (i.e., preclinical AD; n = 20), and patients with mild AD (n = 53) were examined with 2 commonly employed tests of episodic memory, the Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised and the California Verbal Learning Test. Results revealed a precipitous decline in verbal memory abilities 1 to 2 years prior to the onset of the dementia syndrome, but there was little effect of APOE genotype on the rate of this memory decline. The presence of an APOE-ε4 allele, however, did have a differential effect on the sensitivity of the 2 types of memory tests for tracking progression and made an independent contribution to the prediction of conversion to AD. (JINS, 2002, 8, 943–955.)

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