Communicative Performance of Adolescents with Severe Speech Impairment

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth M. Dalton ◽  
Jan L. Bedrosian
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Mode Function ◽  
Communicative Performance ◽  
Therapy Room ◽  
Communication Board

The communicative performance of 4 preoperational-level adolescents, using limited speech, gestures, and communication board techniques, was examined in a two-part investigation. In Part 1, each subject participated in an academic interaction with a teacher in a therapy room. Data were transcribed and coded for communication mode, function, and role. Two subjects were found to predominantly use the speech mode, while the remaining 2 predominantly used board and one other mode. The majority of productions consisted of responses to requests, and the initiator role was infrequently occupied. These findings were similar to those reported in previous investigations conducted in classroom settings. In Part 2, another examination of the communicative performance of these subjects was conducted in spontaneous interactions involving speaking and nonspeaking peers in a therapy room. Using the same data analysis procedures, gesture and speech modes predominated for 3 of the subjects in the nonspeaking peer interactions. The remaining subject exhibited minimal interaction. No consistent pattern of mode usage was exhibited across the speaking peer interactions. In the nonspeaking peer interactions, requests predominated. In contrast, a variety of communication functions was exhibited in the speaking peer interactions. Both the initiator and the maintainer roles were occupied in the majority of interactions. Pertinent variables and clinical implications are discussed.

Conversational Responsiveness of Speech- and Language-Impaired Preschoolers

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1308-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Hadley ◽  
Mabel L. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Integrated Classroom ◽  
Conversational Partner

The purpose of this study was to describe preschoolers’ conversational responsiveness in an integrated classroom setting. Variables of primary interest were the types of responses as a function of the conversational partner. The children were categorized according to language ability: normally developing, marginal (children previously diagnosed as language or speech impaired, but now functioning within the normal range), language impaired (LI), and speech impaired (SI). They were observed during free play. Differences in response types were apparent between groups with both adult and peer partners. LI and SI children were ignored by their peers and responded less often when a peer initiated to them. Hence, they participated in proportionately fewer peer interactions. These results suggest that peer interaction difficulties may be concomitant consequences of early speech and language impairments. Clinical implications for verbal interactive skill intervention, particularly with peers in classroom settings, are discussed

scholarly journals Is Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Longevity? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Turiano ◽  
Eileen K. Graham ◽  
Sara J. Weston ◽  
Tom Booth ◽  
Fleur Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Integrative Data Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Future Work

Individual differences in the Big Five personality traits have emerged as predictors of health and longevity. Although there are robust protective effects for higher levels of conscientiousness, results are mixed for other personality traits. In particular, higher levels of neuroticism have significantly predicted an increased risk of mortality, no-risk at all, and even a reduced risk of dying. The current study hypothesizes that one potential reason for the discrepancy in these findings for neuroticism is that interactions among neuroticism and other key personality traits have largely been ignored. Thus, in the current study we focus on testing whether the personality traits neuroticism and conscientiousness interact to predict mortality. Specifically, we borrow from recent evidence of “healthy neuroticism” to explore whether higher levels of neuroticism are only a risk factor for increased mortality risk when conscientiousness levels are low. We conducted a pre-registered integrative data analysis using 12 different cohort studies (total N = 44,702). Although a consistent pattern emerged of higher levels of conscientiousness predicting a reduced hazard of dying, neuroticism did not show a consistent pattern of prediction. Moreover, no study provided statistical evidence of a neuroticism by conscientiousness interaction. The current findings do not support the idea that the combination of high conscientiousness and high neuroticism can be protective for longevity. Future work is needed to explore different protective factors that may buffer the negative effects of higher levels of neuroticism on health, as well as other behaviors and outcomes that may support the construct of healthy neuroticism.

Assessment of Phonological Representations in Children With Speech Impairment

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Sutherland ◽  
Gail T. Gillon
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Reading Development ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Assessment Tasks ◽  
Use Of Assessment

Purpose: This study explored the use of assessment tasks to examine underlying phonological representations in preschool children with speech impairment. The study also investigated the association between performance on phonological representation tasks and phonological awareness development. Method: The performance of 9 children (aged 3;09 [years;months] to 5;03) with moderate or severe speech impairment and 17 children of the same age with typical speech development was investigated on a range of novel receptive-based assessment tasks designed to tap underlying phonological representations. Results: Preschool children with speech impairment experienced more difficulty judging correct and incorrect speech productions of familiar multisyllable words and showed inferior performance in the ability to learn nonwords as compared to children without speech impairment. Performance on these tasks was moderately correlated with phonological awareness ability. Clinical Implications: Factors such as the precision and accessibility of underlying phonological representations of spoken words may contribute to problems in phonological awareness and subsequent reading development for young children with speech impairment. Receptive-based assessments that examine underlying phonological representations provide clinically relevant information for children with speech impairment.

The Interplay of Communication Device Output Mode and Interaction Style between Nonspeaking Persons and their Speaking Partners

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jeffery Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Augmentative Communication ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Interaction Style ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Communication Breakdowns ◽  
Communication Board

This study sought to determine how augmentative communication device output modes differentially affected various aspects of interactions between nonspeaking persons (NSPs) and their speaking partners (SPs). It was hypothesized that when an electronic output display (EOD) was added to a communication board, the semipermanent display of information would lessen the dyad's need to adopt specialized turn and message formulation conventions, permitting the NSP to construct more complex messages with fewer communication breakdowns. A series of 10 interactional teaching tasks were recorded for two adult male nonhandicapped dyads performing under the two output conditions (±EOD). Interaction transcripts were analyzed with regard to quantitative differences within and between dyads with respect to turn taking, message formulation, propositional content, and several types of insertion sequences (guessing, confirmation queries, message reformulations). With the exception of message reformulation, changes due to output mode were nonexistent or inconsistent for the variables measured within and across dyads. The addition of the EOD significantly lowered the rate of message reformulation and the total number of reformulation-related turns. Results are discussed with regard to research and clinical implications for augmentative communication.

Respiratory and Head Position Influences on Late Stretch Reflexes

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Linda G. Clements ◽  
William A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Stretch Reflexes ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Head Positions ◽  
Tonic Neck Reflex

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effects of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) and of respiration on the upper limb, as measured by their influence on the stretch reflexes. Long latency stretch reflexes (M2 and M3) were induced in elbow muscles of human subjects. The subject's right forearm was strapped into a manipulandum. The forearm was perturbed with a torque test pulse at a fixed interval prior to an intended forearm movement. It was found that both the M2 and M3 reflexes, in triceps or brachialis muscles were significantly increased when perturbations were delivered during inspiration as compared to expiration. Rotated head positions to the right or left could also significantly alter reflex magnitude but there was no consistent pattern among subjects. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

BUILT-IN TEST SIGNAL FEATURE EXTRACTION METHOD BASED ON HILBERT–HUANG TRANSFORM

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1250005
Author(s):  
MIAO ZHANG ◽  
YI SHEN ◽  
XIAO-LEI ZHANG ◽  
ZHI-BO WANG ◽  
YE ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Hilbert Huang Transform ◽  
Mode Function ◽  
Reference Signals ◽  
Voltage Signal ◽  
Self Adaptation

This work proposes a feature extraction method from Hilbert–Huang-transform- or HHT-based data analysis of built-in test (BIT) signals, which are sampled on-site and without reference signals for fault diagnosis. The proposed method fully utilizes self-adaptation of the HHT method in characterizing the envelope amplitude and instantaneous frequency for the intrinsic mode function (IMF), so as to single out the features with most irregular characteristics. Simulations are carried out on steering gear feedback voltage signal of target drone aircraft, and the extracted features show great potential for the improvement in built-in fault diagnosis.

scholarly journals Kreativitas Guru Tahfidz dalam Mengajarkan Al-Quran pada Siswa Penderita Tuna Wicara

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enjang Jaenudin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Collection Data

This study aims to discuss the creativity of teachers in teaching the Koran to students who have limited speech. It can be seen that students with speech impairment are students who have lives with special needs. Nothing else in the process of studying a religious science, namely learning the Koran, both in terms of reading and memorizing. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of this research data with several parts, namely, data collection, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of data analysis showed that the methods applied by the Tahfidz teacher in teaching the Koran to students with speech impairment had a good influence. Like the Yanbu’a method and the Talaqqi method.

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