Auditory Sequence Learning in Children

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Lois Huffman ◽  
Leija McReynolds
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Verbal Stimulus ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Auditory Sequence ◽  
Group I ◽  
Terminal Behavior ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Three Phases

Two procedures were used for training preschool children to emit a three-sequence response to a three-sequence verbal stimulus. For the four children in Group I the verbal stimulus was presented simultaneously with the visual stimulus, whereas the four children in Group II were presented with the verbal stimulus only once preceding the presentation of the visual stimulus. Training was programmed in three phases starting with a single item and gradually increasing to the three-item terminal behavior. Results indicate that the procedures used to train the Group I children were more efficient in terms of number of trials and amount of time required to complete the program.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Obstacles in Young Children Argumentative Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Josephine Convertini
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Group I

Argumentation is an important aspect in the field of education because of its impact on learning processes. At the same time, argumentation is a complex activity in terms of cognitive, relational, emotional and social dynamics. In this paper, I investigate and I describe possible difficulties encountered by children during the argumentative process. The study involves 25 preschool children at a kindergarten engaged in three building tasks. The tasks were video-recorded and the argumentative discussions transcribed. For the aim of this paper, I analyze how argumentation are distributed among participants. I select interactions in which participants apparently do not argue or there are differences in the degree of argumentative participation between participants of the same group. I analyze these interactions and moments of impasse in the argumentative steps. The findings show how the simplicity of solving the task (e.g., when children do not encounter any problem in completing the activity) and the children’s self-perception of their competences in solving the task may have an impact on argumentation activities. Moreover, this perception is co-constructed by children within the interaction. The study contributes to the line of research on designing argumentation and highlights the role of the adult in managing children’s interactions.

scholarly journals Use of vaginal misoprostol before endometrial biopsy in premenopausal women: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2122
Author(s):  
Prabhavathi V. ◽  
Prasad D. K. V. ◽  
Lahari N. ◽  
Satyavathi R.
Keyword(s):  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Cervical Dilatation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Vaginal Misoprostol ◽  
Time Required

Background: It is well-known since long time the beneficial effects of misoprostol particularly as a cervical softening agent in obstetric practice. Keep in view, study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol 400 mcg before endometrial biopsy in premenopausal women.Methods: All the 200 patients were classified into two groups viz. study group (Group I) with 100 patients and control group (Group II) with 100 patients. To Group I patients, 400 mcg of misoprostol was given vaginally, 4 hours prior to the commencement of endometrial biopsy whereas no medication was received by Group II patients.Results: In the present study, the base line cervical dilatation is found to be 5.8±1.3 mm in Group I patients whereas 3.8±0.92 mm in Group II patients which is significantly higher (p<0.05). Only 32 patients in Group I required further dilatation whereas 88 patients in Group II underwent further dilatation. The mean time required for further dilatation in Group I and Group II patients was 42.6±17.4, 64.6±16.8 sec respectively and was significantly higher in Group II patients (p<0.05). Out of 100 patients in Group I, only 2% of patients complained severe pain whereas in Group II 48% of patients experienced intolerable pain and required anesthesia.Conclusions: Vaginal administration of 400 mcg misoprostol 4 hours prior to endometrial biopsy in premenopausal women had a significant effect on cervical resistance and cervical dilatation.

Efficient Extrapolation of the View with a Dynamic and Predictive Stimulus

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5068 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidemichi Mitsumatsu ◽  
Kazuhiko Yokosawa
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Real World ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Retinal Projection ◽  
Head Turning ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Time Required

In the real-world, the retinal projection of an object changes as we move, or as a moving object passes in front of us. We have to recognise objects, despite such retinal-projection changes. Many studies have shown that the time required to identify objects after a change in the retinal projection is longer than when there is no retinal-projection change. This recognition cost is referred to as the view-dependent effect. Previous researchers have studied the view-dependent effect while disregarding the predictability of retinal-projection changes. Here, we demonstrate that there is no view-dependent effect when the predictability is introduced, in the case where participants track moving objects by head-turning or eye-movement in a virtual environment. Violation of the predictability, such as an unpredictable retinal-projection change or a movement of the first stimulus that was inconsistent with a subsequent retinal-projection change, caused a view-dependent effect. Moreover, we found that extraretinal information such as head-turning or eye-movement was unnecessary for view-independent recognition. These results indicate that humans can extrapolate to the tested view from the studied view in a view-independent way when retinal-projection change is predictable from the visual stimulus.

Visual and Auditory Sequence Learning in Hearing-Impaired Children

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans G. Furth ◽  
Peter B. Pufall
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Sequence ◽  
Discrete Task ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

Two hearing impaired groups, one diagnosed as deaf, the other as aphasic, at two age levels, CA 6–7 and CA 10–11, with 8 subjects in each group, were compared to a control hearing group of 16 subjects at each age level. All subjects were given four paired-associate tasks: a visual discrete task with six associations (DPA) and three 2- to 6-sequence tasks with combinatory sequences as stimuli; one sequence task showed visual stimuli in simultaneous presentation (SIM), another in successive (SUC), and a third presented auditory successive sequences (AUD). The main results indicated no differences between aphasic and deaf except that the younger aphasics were poorer on AUD. The younger hearing-impaired were equal to controls on DPA, but poorer on SUC and AUD. For all groups SIM and for controls also AUD was easier than SUC.

scholarly journals Comparison of 0.5% Levobupivacaine Versus 0.5% Isobaric Levobupivacaine with 3mcg Dexmedetomidine in Spinal Anaesthesia- A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Rajeev Tiwari ◽  
Saurabh Misra ◽  
Shivendu Shekhar Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Group I ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Effective postoperative pain control is an essential component of the care of the surgical patient. The present study was conducted to compare levobupivacaine 0.5% versus isobaric levobupivacaine 0.5% with 3mcg dexmedetomidine in spinal anaesthesia.Subjects and Methods:The present study was conducted on 80 patients of ASA Grade-I and Grade-II of both genders. They were divided into 2 groups of 40 each. Group I were those who received 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine with 0.3 ml of normal saline and group II patients received 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine with  3µg of dexmedetomidine. Parameters such as onset of sensory blockade at T10 dermatome and onset of motor blockade motor blockade, maximum level of sensory and motor blockade attained and the time taken for the same, total duration of sensory blockade and motor blockade were recorded.Results:Group I, ASA grade I was seen in 25 and II in 15, in group II, ASA grade I was seen in 22 and II in 18 patients. Group I comprised of 18 males and 22 females, group II had 20 males and 20 females. Mean duration of surgery in group I was 58.2 minutes in group I and 56.4 minutes in group II. Mean heart rate was 82.3 per minute in group I and 81.6 per minute in group II. The mean time required to obtained sensory block in group I was 10.4 minutes and in group II was 7.4 minutes. The mean time for motor block in group I was 8.2 minutes and in group II was 5.4 minutes. The mean time required to obtain motor block in group I was 16.5 minutes and in group II was 16.1 minutes.Conclusion:Authors found that addition of intrathecal dexmedetomidine to 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine shortens sensory and motor block onset time and prolongs block duration.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of the efficacy of topical phenytoin with conventional wound dressing in healing of diabetic foot ulcers

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Prasad ◽  
Advait Prakash ◽  
Shailendra Patel ◽  
Ajay Lunawat ◽  
Devendra Mahore
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Granulation Tissue Formation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Time Required ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Foot ulcers secondary to diabetes mellitus are very difficult to treat. Various agents have been used with varying success for their treatment. Recently phenytoin has been used in the treatment of these stubborn ulcers. Therefore this study was conducted and compared for the efficacy of topical phenytoin with conventional wound dressings in healing of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: This is a prospective study comprising of 50 patients which were divided into two groups. In group I patients conventional betadine dressing was applied. In group II patients phenytoin was used for the dressing. Both the groups were compared on various parameters like time required for healing, complications, grafting and the results were statically evaluated.Results: Increased rate of granulation tissue formation was seen in topical phenytoin group when compared to conventional group. Better graft take up was seen in topical phenytoin group when compared to conventional group. On contrasting the number of days required for healing, effect on bacterial load and side effects of topical phenytoin dressing with conventional betadine dressing, the former yielded better results in all respects.Conclusions: Topical phenytoin dressing is an effective, inexpensive and widely available therapeutic agent in wound healing in chronic diabetic ulcers.

Multimodal intervention improves core symptoms in preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Eeg Biofeedback ◽  
Multimodal Intervention ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Group I ◽  
Core Symptoms

I tested the effect of a psychobehavioral intervention combined with electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback on the core symptoms of preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were 42 preschool children with attention-deficit, hyperactive-impulsive, or compound-type ADHD. They were randomly divided into the control group, a psychobehavioral intervention group, an EEG biofeedback intervention group, or a psychobehavioral + EEG biofeedback intervention group (i. e., comprehensive). After 4 months of intervention, I assessed (a) attention concentration time and (b) impulsivity and hyperactivity scores using Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire. Results show that the multimodal intervention significantly improved participants' concentration time and behavioral hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. The multimodal (vs. single-modal) intervention was more effective in improving core symptoms. My results provide a reference for related research and practical application.

scholarly journals Processing and Interpretation Times of CT Angiogram and CT Perfusion in Stroke

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Srinivasan ◽  
Mayank Goyal ◽  
Cheemun Lum ◽  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
William Miller
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Ct Angiogram ◽  
Group I ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time

ABSTRACT:Objective:To determine the mean time for acquiring computed tomogram perfusion (CTP) and CT angiogram (CTA) images in acute stroke. To determine and compare processing and interpretation times amongst three groups of radiologists with varying degree of expertise: two radiology residents (Group I), two neuroradiology fellows (Group II) and four consultant neuroradiologists (Group III).Methods:The mean time of acquisition of CTA and CTP studies was calculated among ten patients presenting with acute stroke. All readers had to process the CTA and CTP images, interpret them (for presence or absence of thrombus and penumbra) and save them on the GE Advantage Windows workstation. The mean time for processing and interpreting these studies was calculated.Results:The mean time for acquisition of CTA and CTP studies in the ten patients was 14.6 ± 5.9 minutes. The time taken for CTA processing and interpretation in Groups I, II and III was 2.3 ± 1.3 min, 1.6 ± 0.4 min and 1.5 ± 0.7 min respectively. The time required for CTP processing and interpretation by the same groups was 5.2 ± 1.7 min, 4.5 ± 1.5 min and 4.1 ± 1.1 min respectively. There was a statistically significant difference of means between Groups I and III in the CTA and CTP processing and interpretation times (p=0.02, p=0.01 respectively) but no statistical difference between Groups I and II (p=0.15, p=0.22 respectively) or Groups II and III (p=0.31, p=0.30 respectively).Conclusion:The CTA and CTP studies can be performed, processed and interpreted quickly in acute stroke.

scholarly journals Appendicostomy in Preschool Children with Anorectal Malformation: Successful Early Bowel Management with a High Frequency of Minor Complications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernilla Stenström ◽  
Christina Granéli ◽  
Martin Salö ◽  
Kristine Hagelsteen ◽  
Einar Arnbjörnsson
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Anorectal Malformation ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Bowel Symptoms ◽  
Before School ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Age Range

Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate postoperatively bowel symptoms of antegrade colon enema through appendicostomies in preschool children with anorectal malformation (ARM).Method. 164 children with ARM operated on with posterior sagittal anorectal plasty were included. The malformations were classified according to Krickenbeck classification. Seventeen children in preschool age had an appendicostomy. The bowel symptoms according to the Krickenbeck follow-up were analysed pre- and postoperatively. All complications were registered. A questionnaire on the use of the appendicostomy was answered.Results. The median age (range) at the time of the appendicostomy was 4 (1–6) years. The observation time was 5 (0.5–14) years. The main indications for appendicostomy were incontinence and noncompliance to rectal enemas. Postoperatively there was a significant decrease in soiling and constipation (P<0.001). The total complication rate was 43% with infections (29%), stenosis (12%), and retrograde leakage (0). The median time required for giving enema in the appendicostomy was 45 minutes (range: 15–120) once a day varying from 2 times/week to 3 times/day. And: complications are less frequent than in older children.Conclusion. Appendicostomy in preschool children with ARM is a way to achieve fecal cleanness before school start. The infection rate was high, but other complications are less frequent than in older children.

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