scholarly journals Comparison of 0.5% Levobupivacaine Versus 0.5% Isobaric Levobupivacaine with 3mcg Dexmedetomidine in Spinal Anaesthesia- A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Rajeev Tiwari ◽  
Saurabh Misra ◽  
Shivendu Shekhar Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Group I ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Effective postoperative pain control is an essential component of the care of the surgical patient. The present study was conducted to compare levobupivacaine 0.5% versus isobaric levobupivacaine 0.5% with 3mcg dexmedetomidine in spinal anaesthesia.Subjects and Methods:The present study was conducted on 80 patients of ASA Grade-I and Grade-II of both genders. They were divided into 2 groups of 40 each. Group I were those who received 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine with 0.3 ml of normal saline and group II patients received 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine with  3µg of dexmedetomidine. Parameters such as onset of sensory blockade at T10 dermatome and onset of motor blockade motor blockade, maximum level of sensory and motor blockade attained and the time taken for the same, total duration of sensory blockade and motor blockade were recorded.Results:Group I, ASA grade I was seen in 25 and II in 15, in group II, ASA grade I was seen in 22 and II in 18 patients. Group I comprised of 18 males and 22 females, group II had 20 males and 20 females. Mean duration of surgery in group I was 58.2 minutes in group I and 56.4 minutes in group II. Mean heart rate was 82.3 per minute in group I and 81.6 per minute in group II. The mean time required to obtained sensory block in group I was 10.4 minutes and in group II was 7.4 minutes. The mean time for motor block in group I was 8.2 minutes and in group II was 5.4 minutes. The mean time required to obtain motor block in group I was 16.5 minutes and in group II was 16.1 minutes.Conclusion:Authors found that addition of intrathecal dexmedetomidine to 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine shortens sensory and motor block onset time and prolongs block duration.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Intrathecal Neostigmine with Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine in Postoperative Analgesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Nischala Reddy G ◽  
Ajay Babu Ramakrishnan ◽  
S. Ankalagowri Sankardevar ◽  
Uthkala B Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Sedation Score ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hyperbaric Solution ◽  
Mean Time

Background: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of intrathecal neostigmine with intrathecal dexmedetomidine in postop- erative analgesia. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Anesthesia involving 100 patients belonging to ASA grade I and II, posted for elective Sub umbilical surgeries, under spinal anaesthesia. Group I patients received 3.0ml of hyperbaric solution of 0.5% bupivacaine + 50mcg (0.5ml) of Neostigmine. Group II patients received 3.0ml of hyperbaric solution of 0.5% bupivacaine + 10mcg (0.5ml) of dexmedetomidine. Results: The maximum patients were seen in age group 18-30 years ie 10 in group I and 16 in group II and minimum in 41-50 years ie 6 in group I and 4 in group II. The mean time for onset of sensory block in group I was 1.43 0.53 min and in group II was 2.319   0.44 min. The mean time for onset of peak sensory block in group I was 5.48    0.43 min and Group II was 7.31    0.44 min.  Time for two segment regression was significantly higher in dexmedetomidine group as compared to neostigmine group, the mean time for two segment regression in group I was 124.98 21.48 min and group II was 165.24 14.45 min. The mean time for onset of motor block was 3.079 0.44 min in group I and 4.0454  0.38 min in group II. The mean duration of motor block in group I was 191.58  26.81 min and 324   36.8 min in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). The mean sedation score in group I was 1.03 and in group II was 2.07. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors recommend the use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in subarachnoid block

Effects of cloprostenol and flurogestone acetate sponge on embryo yields and quality in indigenous ewes in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Zohara ◽  
Azizunnesa ◽  
M. F. Islam ◽  
M. G. S. Alam ◽  
F. Y. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Fertilisation Rate ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mean Time

The effects of two doses of cloprostenol and two doses of flurogestone acetate sponge on the onset of oestrus, and embryo recovery and quality were evaluated. Thirty-two indigenous ewes (Wera breed) were allocated into four groups of eight. All ewes were synchronised with 100 µg (Group I) or 175 µg (Group II) cloprostenol injection, 9 days apart, or insertion of intravaginal sponges containing 30 mg (Group III) or 45 mg (Group IV) flurogestone acetate (FGA) for 12 days. The ewes were superovulated with 600 IU PMSG intramuscularly 10 days after the second cloprostenol injection or immediately after sponge removal on Day 12. After the detection of oestrus, the ewes were mated naturally at 6 and 12 h, and some ewes were inseminated laparoscopically. Embryos were recovered surgically 5 or 6 days after service. All ewes exhibited oestrus. The onset of oestrus occurred significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in FGA-treated (50.0 ± 1.5 and 48.0 ± 0.00 h) than in cloprostenol-treated groups. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the mean time of onset of oestrus (50.0 ± 1.5 and 48.0 ± 0.00 h) between the two doses of cloprostenol. The mean number of corpora lutea (8.1 ± 1.26) and embryos recovered (6.1 ± 1.00) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA than in ewes treated with cloprostenol. Embryo recovery rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA (75.4%) than in other groups (41.7% and 51.6% in 100 μg and 175 μg cloprostenol- and 52.7% in 30 mg FGA-treated groups, respectively). Fertilisation rate was 93.3% in ewes given 100 µg cloprostenol, whereas other groups showed 100% fertilisation rate. The highest percentage (100%) of Grade 1 embryos was in FGA groups. In conclusion, despite FGA protocol presenting superior results, cloprostenol protocol was equally efficient in synchronising oestrus. The embryo recovery rate was better after 45 mg FGA than 30 mg FGA or after either dose of cloprostenol.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Dexamethasone and Tramadol as Adjuvant to Levobupivacaine in Supraclavicular Block

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-102
Author(s):  
Rangit Priyakar Pandey ◽  
Richa Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
American Society ◽  
Supraclavicular Block ◽  
Plexus Block

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare dexamethasone and tramadol as adjuvant to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular block. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II. Patients were divided in to two groups of 25 each. In group I, 30 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine hydrochloride plus 2 ml tramadol (100 mg) was used. In group II, 30 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine hydrochloride plus 2 ml dexamethasone (8 mg) was used. Visual Analogue Scale was used. The onset of sensory and motor block was evaluated.Results: The mean onset of sensory block in group I was 5.41 minutes and in group II was 3.86 minutes, motor onset was 9.12 minutes in group I and 7.25 minutes in group II, duration of sensory block in group I was 12.14 hours and in group II was 15.34 hours, duration of motor block in group I was 14.34 hours and I group II was 16.23 hours, duration of analgesia in group I was 16.1 hour and in group II was 18.4 hours. The difference was significant difference (P<0.05). The mean VAS score in group II was better as compared to group I (P <0.05). Conclusion:Authors found that dexamethasone is a better adjuvant than tramadol when added to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTRATHECAL FENTANYL WITH HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE TO IMPROVE PERIOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN PATIENT UNDERGOING ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Rahul Wagh ◽  
Swapnil Sangale ◽  
Nagesh Jambure
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Various methods exist for treating post-operative pain which includes systemic narcotics, NSAIDS, patient-controlled analgesia, regional anaesthesia techniques, epidural local anaesthetic – narcotic mixtures, cryoanalgesia, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, psychological methods. Various opioides intrathecally and epidurally have been tried for post-operative analgesia. These include - morphine, pethidine, pentazocine, methadone, tramadol, Fentanyl, sufentanyl. In present study, we tried to find out analgesic effectiveness of intrathecal Fentanyl for post-operative analgesia, combined with 0.5 % Bupivacaine and side effects if any, in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries. Materials and Methods: After approval from the local ethics committee and with written informed consent from patient, a randomized controlled prospective study is carried out in the medical college and hospital.100 patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)classification I &amp; II, aged between 18-60 years, posted for elective lower limb surgeries, were randomly allocated for the study. Group-I: 50 patients received intrathecal 3 ml of 0.5 % hyperbaric Bupivacaine only. Group-II : 50 patients received intrathecal 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine and Fentanyl 25 mcg.The patients studied across the group did not vary much with respect to age,height, weight and sex distribution. Results: The onset of sensory blockade was faster by 1.27 min in Group-BF. The perioperative and postoperative hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups. The sensory analgesia in Group II was significantly prolonged by 159 mins, thus increasing the duration of analgesia. The time of first request of analgesics by the patients in group-II is prolonged compared to group-I thus prolonging the duration of analgesia. Analgesic requirement is also reduced in study group in early post-operative period. The onset of motor block was faster when Fentanyl was added to intrathecal Bupivacaine and it was 1.1 min earlier in study group. The duration of motor block to Bromage III was prolonged by almost 22 min in study group as compare to control group. Visual analogue scores were significantly lower in group-II compared to group-I after two hours of surgery thus reducing the frequency of supplemental postoperative analgesics. Conclusion: With the present study we can summarize that intrathecal Fentanyl potentiates the action of Bupivacaine thereby bringing about better quality and longer duration of analgesia, intense motor block, no hemodynamic disturbance and better postoperative outcome with/ minimum side effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of efficacy between intrathecal nalbuphine and fentanyl as adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine for perianal surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Moslema Parvin ◽  
Anjuman Ara ◽  
Kazi Nurjahan ◽  
Lipika Roy ◽  
Lailatunnessa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
American Society

Background: Intrathecal opioids enhance the duration of action of local anasthetic drugs. Both nalpuphine and fentanyl enhance the action of hyperbaric bupivacaine when introduced intrathecally as adjuvant with bupivacaine. Objective: Our study was aimed to compare the clinical efficiency of nalbuphine and fentanyl as adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine for anal and perianal surgery. Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial patients were included from January 2007 to June 2008 at Khulna Medical College & some private clinics in Khulna. Patients were ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiology) status I & II of both gender aged 18-70 years and was randomized into two groups. Each group received either nalbuphine, (Group I) or fentanyl (Group-II) with bupivacaine. After intrathecal use every patient was examined for sensory and motor block, drug related side effects like hypotension pruritus, nausea, vomiting respiratory depression for three hours and were recorded. Results: Among two hundred study patients mean age was 49.5 and 5.2 in respective group I & II. Male female ratio was 16:14 in group I, whereas in group II it was 65:35. Mean duration of surgery was 46 and 43 minutes respectively in group I & II. Onset and cephalic extension of block was almost same in both groups. Time to recovery of sensory and motor block were significantly prolonged in Group 1. Duration of analgesia was also extended in group I. No significant drug related side effects were observed in either group. Conclusion: Nalbuphine as adjuvant to bupivacaine was clinically more efficient than fentanyl for post--operative analgesia and duration of sensory and motor block in SAB (Sub Aracnoid Block) for anal and perianal surgery. Bang Med J Khulna 2020: 53 : 27-30

scholarly journals Processing and Interpretation Times of CT Angiogram and CT Perfusion in Stroke

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Srinivasan ◽  
Mayank Goyal ◽  
Cheemun Lum ◽  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
William Miller
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Ct Angiogram ◽  
Group I ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time

ABSTRACT:Objective:To determine the mean time for acquiring computed tomogram perfusion (CTP) and CT angiogram (CTA) images in acute stroke. To determine and compare processing and interpretation times amongst three groups of radiologists with varying degree of expertise: two radiology residents (Group I), two neuroradiology fellows (Group II) and four consultant neuroradiologists (Group III).Methods:The mean time of acquisition of CTA and CTP studies was calculated among ten patients presenting with acute stroke. All readers had to process the CTA and CTP images, interpret them (for presence or absence of thrombus and penumbra) and save them on the GE Advantage Windows workstation. The mean time for processing and interpreting these studies was calculated.Results:The mean time for acquisition of CTA and CTP studies in the ten patients was 14.6 ± 5.9 minutes. The time taken for CTA processing and interpretation in Groups I, II and III was 2.3 ± 1.3 min, 1.6 ± 0.4 min and 1.5 ± 0.7 min respectively. The time required for CTP processing and interpretation by the same groups was 5.2 ± 1.7 min, 4.5 ± 1.5 min and 4.1 ± 1.1 min respectively. There was a statistically significant difference of means between Groups I and III in the CTA and CTP processing and interpretation times (p=0.02, p=0.01 respectively) but no statistical difference between Groups I and II (p=0.15, p=0.22 respectively) or Groups II and III (p=0.31, p=0.30 respectively).Conclusion:The CTA and CTP studies can be performed, processed and interpreted quickly in acute stroke.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF 0.5% LEVOBUPIVACAINE AND 0.5% BUPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYL FOR SPINAL ANAESTHESIA FOR TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE / BLADDER TUMOUR: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED AND CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Adequate Level ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background – The aim of this study is to compare safety and efficacy of bupivacaine 0.5% of 2ml (10mg) with 25mcg fentanyl and levobupivacaine 0.5% of 2ml with 25mcg fentanyl when given intrathecally in patients of Transurethral Resection of Prostate/Bladder Tumor Surgeries Methods–After local ethics committee approval,60 patients were selected according to eligibility criteria and a written informed consent was obtained from each patient after explaining the technique prior to inclusion in this study in their own vernacular language and randomly allocated in two groups of 30 each. GROUP I: patients received 2 ml(10 mg) 0.5% bupivacaine with 25 mcg fentanyl intrathecally to achieve an adequate level of anaesthesia.GROUP II: patients received 2 ml(10 mg) 0.5% bupivacaine with 25 mcg fentanyl inrathecally to achieve adequate level of anaesthesia.Spinal block was performed by an anaesthesiologist consultant. Patients were monitored for sensory blockade,motor blockade,Ramsay sedation score,VAS score and complications. Hemodynamics were compared in both the groups. Observations –In this study we evaluated and compared 0.5% bupivacaine and fentanyl with 0.5% levobupivacaine and fentanyl in terms of intraoperative hemodynamic changes, onset & duration of sensory block, onset of motor block, level of sedation and occurance of complications when given intrathecally for transurethral resection of prostate/bladder tumors.It was observed that sensory blockade qualities were comparable in both the groups. However, motor blockade was significantly reduced in group-II(Levobupivacaine) as compared to groupI(Bupivacaine). Patients in Group II had better hemodynamic stability,good patient and surgeon satisfaction and fewer side effects as compared to Group I. Conclusion –0.5% Levobupivacaine plus fentanyl provides less motor blockade,better hemodynamic stability and fewer side effects in patients undergoing TURP/TURBT compared to 0.5% bupivacaine plus fentanyl.

PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PFN AND PFNA2 PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAILS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Bijendra Kumar Meena ◽  
S.K. Bhaskar ◽  
Hemeshwar Harshwardhan ◽  
B.S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Trochanteric Fracture ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Group I ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Helical Blade ◽  
Hip Screw ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Type Of Fracture

Introduction: Trochanteric fractures are among the most common injuries which are usually resulting from minimal to moderate physical trauma to areas of bone signicantly weakened by osteoporosis. The greatest problems for the orthopedic surgeon to treating the unstable trochanteric fracture and the complications (implant failure, varus collapse, non union) occur from xation that result of instability. The implants have evolved from extramedullary implants like dynamic hip screw to the intramedullary types of PFNA2 nail. 50 patients were Material and Methods : included in our study from December 2018 to December 2020. 25 patients were treated with PFNA2 (Group I) and 25 patients with PFN (Group II) Nails. Mean blood loss during surgery was 153.8±10.92 & 201.6±38.48 in group I & group II respectiv Results : ely and the mean duration of surgery in group I and group II was 65.24+6.57 min and 85.44 + 11.08 min respectively. We concluded Conclusion : that use of helical blade PFN is certainly better in 31A2.2 and 31A3.3 type of fracture than screw PFN.

Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Intrathecal Levobupivacaine in Lower Segment Cesarean Section

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2537-2541
Author(s):  
Madiha Zafar ◽  
Usman Zeeshan ◽  
Shazia Jang Sher ◽  
Aesha Sadaf Rizwan ◽  
Arooj Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
P Value ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽  
Group I ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Intrathecal Analgesia

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine on the spinal anaesthesia as an adjuvant to the hyperbaric levobupivacaine in patients undergoing cesarean section. Study Design: Comparative/Observational Place & Duration: The study was conducted at Anesthesiology/Obstetrics and Gynaecology departments of Mayo hospital, Lahore for duration of six months i.e from 1st November 2020 to 30th April 2021. Methods: This analysis included a total of 120 cases. After the informed consent the patients had received comprehensive demographics. Three equal classes of patients were divided into groups A, B and C. Group I had 40 patients and received 2.5 ml isobaric levobupivacane, group II with 40 patients and received 2.5 ml isobaric levobupivacaine and 5μg dexmedetomidine, and group III received 2.5 ml isobaric levobupivacaine and 25 μg fentanyl intrathecally. The outcomes of these groups were analysed in which sensory and motor blockage period were measured from the time the intrathecal drugs were administered. The full SPSS 26.0 version was used to analyze the results. Results: The mean age of the patients in group I was 27.44 ± 7.64 years with BMI 23.19±8.44, mean age in group II was 27.22 ±7.42 years with BMI 24.44 ± 6.16 and in group III mean age was 26.99 ±9.61 years with BMI 24.72 ±4.34. Duration of sensory and motor blockade was observed and resulted that it was earlier in group III as compared to group I and II. Prolonged duration of sensory and motor blockade was observed in group II as compared to groups I and III with significantly P value< 0.001. Conclusion: We concluded that for an adjuvant of 0.5 percent isobaric levobupivalacaine, Intrathecal dexmedetomidine induces both prolonged motor blockage and post operative analgesia than fentanyl. Key words: Levobupivacaine; Spinal anesthesia, Fentanyl, Intrathecal analgesia, Cesarean section; Dexmedetomidine.

scholarly journals Efficiency of nalbuphine as an adjuvant to bupivancaine in lower limb orthopaedic surgery-a prospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Kanhya Lal Gupta ◽  
Amit Gupta ◽  
. Neeraj
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Preservative Free

Background: Spinal Anaesthesia is a well-known technique of performing lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. It has a shorter duration of action and early arising postoperative pain due to which various adjuvant needs to be added and their roles are being evaluated in various studies. Intrathecal opioids act synergistically with local anaesthetics and thus intensifying the sensory block without having any effect on sympathetic blockage. The main aim of present study is to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of intrathecal nalbuphine (preservative free) as an adjuvant and also the efficacy of nalbuphine for postoperative analgesia and its complications if there are any.Methods: A total of 60 patients were included in this study belonging to ASA I and ASA II score with normal coagulation profile. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each. Group I receiving 3 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%+1.0mgm of nalbuphine (preservative free) injection made in 0.5 ml normal saline intrathecally. Group II received 3 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%+0.5 ml injection Normal saline intrathecally. The following criteria were noted. The onset of sensory blockade and complete motor blockade highest level of sensory blockade, duration of sensory blockade, duration of motor and duration of effective analgesia were recorded. Any hemodynamic alterations were also noted.Results: The mean time for the onset of sensory blockage was 56 sec in Group I and 59 sec in Group II (control). The difference were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The mean onset of motor blockage was 106 sec in Group I and 208 sec in Group II (control). The difference was statically insignificant. The peak onset time in Group I and Group II was 372 sec and 220 sec respectively (p>0.05). Two segment regression times for sensory blockage was prolonged in Group I (118.20±8.56 min) compared to Group II (104.56±15.20 mins).Conclusions: The duration of postoperative analgesia was 6-8 hours in Group I compared to 3-4 hours in Group II (p value= 0.0001, statistically significant).

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