scholarly journals Appendicostomy in Preschool Children with Anorectal Malformation: Successful Early Bowel Management with a High Frequency of Minor Complications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernilla Stenström ◽  
Christina Granéli ◽  
Martin Salö ◽  
Kristine Hagelsteen ◽  
Einar Arnbjörnsson
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Anorectal Malformation ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Bowel Symptoms ◽  
Before School ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Age Range

Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate postoperatively bowel symptoms of antegrade colon enema through appendicostomies in preschool children with anorectal malformation (ARM).Method. 164 children with ARM operated on with posterior sagittal anorectal plasty were included. The malformations were classified according to Krickenbeck classification. Seventeen children in preschool age had an appendicostomy. The bowel symptoms according to the Krickenbeck follow-up were analysed pre- and postoperatively. All complications were registered. A questionnaire on the use of the appendicostomy was answered.Results. The median age (range) at the time of the appendicostomy was 4 (1–6) years. The observation time was 5 (0.5–14) years. The main indications for appendicostomy were incontinence and noncompliance to rectal enemas. Postoperatively there was a significant decrease in soiling and constipation (P<0.001). The total complication rate was 43% with infections (29%), stenosis (12%), and retrograde leakage (0). The median time required for giving enema in the appendicostomy was 45 minutes (range: 15–120) once a day varying from 2 times/week to 3 times/day. And: complications are less frequent than in older children.Conclusion. Appendicostomy in preschool children with ARM is a way to achieve fecal cleanness before school start. The infection rate was high, but other complications are less frequent than in older children.

A Longitudinal Investigation of Speaking Rate in Preschool Children Who Stutter

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Dailey Hall ◽  
Ofer Amir ◽  
Ehud Yairi
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Rate Of Speech

Both clinical and theoretical interest in stuttering as a disorder of speech motor control has led to numerous investigations of speaking rate in people who stutter. The majority of these studies, however, has been conducted with adult and school-age groups. Most studies of preschoolers have included older children. Despite the ongoing theoretical and clinical focus on speaking rate in young children who stutter and their parents, no longitudinal or cross-sectional studies have been conducted to answer questions about the possible developmental link between stuttering and the rate of speech, or about differences in rate development between preschool children who stutter and normally fluent children. This investigation compared changes in articulatory rate over a period of 2 years in subgroups of preschool-age children who stutter and normally fluent children. Within the group of stuttering children, comparisons also were made between those who exhibited persistent stuttering and those who eventually recovered without intervention. Furthermore, the study compared two metrics of articulatory rate. Spontaneous speech samples, collected longitudinally over a 2-year period, were analyzed acoustically to determine speaking rate measured in number of syllables and phones per second. Results indicated no differences among the 3 groups when articulation rate was measured in syllables per second. Using the phones per second measure, however, significant group differences were found when comparing the control group to the recovered and persistent groups.

The self-regulatory nature of preschool children's private speech in a naturalistic setting

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH PATRICK ◽  
EUGENE ABRAVANEL
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Age ◽  
Private Speech ◽  
The Self ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Task Success ◽  
Age Range

Private speech (PS) – or speech for the self – was studied in preschool-age children to determine how widely and with what characteristics it occurs when examined in the familiar home setting. Activities were selected that required several steps and that were intended to engage working memory or longer term recall. Both quantitative (numbers of words and utterances produced) and qualitative (utterance type) analyses were conducted on the children's PS. Across the age range from 4 ½ to 6 years, younger children had higher frequencies of PS than older children, which fits the predictions made by Vygotsky (1958/1962, 1978). Increased information loads resulted in more PS, indicating a relation between PS and task difficulty; however, total quantities of PS were not correlated with degree of task success. Self-regulatory utterances accounted for 89% of the PS produced; the majority of these utterances involved repetitions of the instructions that appeared to enhance recall, to help pace the children's activity, or to enable deliberation with respect to making choices. There was a strong age trend in which the amount of audible PS decreased with age. Qualitative differences across tasks are presented and considered in relation to how PS functions for different activities and possibly achieves adaptive significance.

Visual and Phonetic Memory in Preschool Children: Evidence for Coding Flexibility

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1043-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Brown
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Visual Similarity ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phonetic Similarity ◽  
Age Range

This study examined visual and verbal (phonetic) memory coding in 22 preschool children 4 to 5 yr. of age. A major goal was to determine whether these children would code visual items phonetically during input in a short-term memory task as older children and adults often appear to do. Items to be remembered were visually presented letters that varied in visual as well as phonetic similarity. Subjects labeled each letter during presentation, and serial recall was probed either visually or verbally. Recall scores were analyzed according to planned individual comparisons and a 4-factor analysis of variance: probe modality (visual, verbal) × visual similarity (low, high) × phonetic similarity (low, high) × serial position (1, 2, 3, 4). Data indicated (1) a significant detrimental effect of high phonetic similarity for subjects whose recall was probed verbally, (2) a significant facilitating effect of high visual similarity, and (3) significant interactions indicating differential effects of phonetic similarity and probe modality on the serial position curve. These findings suggest flexibility of coding in children of the age range tested.

scholarly journals Features of the value orientations formation in the middle - older preschool age range

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
I. Karabayeva
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Age Range ◽  
External Characteristics

The article, based on empirical research, outlines the results of qualitative restructuring and dynamic changes in the formation of value orientations in preschool children in the age range of 5 - 6 years. The paper demonstrates that the process of becoming value orientations at six years is the most dynamic despite all the individually variational features. The author emphasizes that between 5 and 6 years there is a significant increase in important components of value orientations and their adequately motivated expression. It is claimed that in the age range from middle to older preschool age, meaningful orientations change in the filling of its constituent components towards greater differentiation (components become more), completeness (transition from external characteristics to behavioural manifestations, personality traits and semantic categories), awareness (the importance and significance of the conscious components increases) and resilience (increasing the number of persistent traits and qualities that describe pre-schoolers’ value orientations). The author describes personal centralization as one of the peculiarities of the value orientations formation at children in children of middle and older preschool age.

scholarly journals Bowel symptoms in children with anorectal malformation — a follow-up with a gender and age perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernilla Stenström ◽  
Christina Clementson Kockum ◽  
Ragnhild Emblem ◽  
Einar Arnbjörnsson ◽  
Kristin Bjørnland
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Malformation ◽  
Bowel Symptoms ◽  
Gender And Age

scholarly journals A ten year follow-up of key gas exchange exercise parameters in a general population – Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania

2020 ◽  
pp. 00350-2020
Author(s):  
Beate Stubbe ◽  
Till Ittermann ◽  
Sabine Kaczmarek ◽  
Anne Obst ◽  
Martin Bahls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
General Population ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Age Range

BackgroundCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a frequently used method for the evaluation of the cardiorespiratory system. The prognostic relevance of the measured parameters is commonly known. Longitudinal data on cardiorespiratory fitness in a large sample of well characterised healthy volunteers are rare in literature.MethodsCPET data of 615 healthy individuals who voluntarily took part in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) at three times were analysed. The median observation time was 10.5 years. The age range was 25 to 85 years.ResultsOver the observed timeframe and with rising age a decline in maximum power, oxygen uptake and oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold was detectable. This decline was aggravated with rising age. For the VÉ/VCO2 slope an increase in individuals older than 50 years was measured only.ConclusionThe present study affirms the decrease in aerobic capacity with increasing age in a selected, well characterised, healthy study sample, that seems to be less pronounced in women.

The Solution Strategy as an Indicator of the Developmental Stage of Preschool Children’s Mental-Rotation Ability

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Quaiser-Pohl ◽  
Anna M. Rohe ◽  
Tobias Amberger
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Solution Strategy ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Solution Strategies ◽  
Close Relationship

The solution strategies of preschool children solving mental-rotation tasks were analyzed in two studies. In the first study n = 111 preschool children had to demonstrate their solution strategy in the Picture Rotation Test (PRT) items by thinking aloud; seven different strategies were identified. In the second study these strategies were confirmed by latent class analysis (LCA) with the PRT data of n = 565 preschool children. In addition, a close relationship was found between the solution strategy and children’s age. Results point to a stage model for the development of mental-rotation ability as measured by the PRT, going from inappropriate strategies like guessing or comparing details, to semiappropriate approaches like choosing the stimulus with the smallest angle discrepancy, to a holistic or analytic strategy. A latent transition analysis (LTA) revealed that the ability to mentally rotate objects can be influenced by training in the preschool age.

Instruction Helps and Hinders Young Children’s Feature Learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kalish ◽  
Nigel Noll
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Prediction Task ◽  
Feature Correlation ◽  
The Future

Existing research suggests that adults and older children experience a tradeoff where instruction and feedback help them solve a problem efficiently, but lead them to ignore currently irrelevant information that might be useful in the future. It is unclear whether young children experience the same tradeoff. Eighty-seven children (ages five- to eight-years) and 42 adults participated in supervised feature prediction tasks either with or without an instructional hint. Follow-up tasks assessed learning of feature correlations and feature frequencies. Younger children tended to learn frequencies of both relevant and irrelevant features without instruction, but not the diagnostic feature correlation needed for the prediction task. With instruction, younger children did learn the diagnostic feature correlation, but then failed to learn the frequencies of irrelevant features. Instruction helped older children learn the correlation without limiting attention to frequencies. Adults learned the diagnostic correlation even without instruction, but with instruction no longer learned about irrelevant frequencies. These results indicate that young children do show some costs of learning with instruction characteristic of older children and adults. However, they also receive some of the benefits. The current study illustrates just what those tradeoffs might be, and how they might change over development.

Primary Calvarial Ewing Sarcoma: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Mohindra ◽  
Manjul Tripathi ◽  
Aman Batish ◽  
Ankur Kapoor ◽  
Ninad Ramesh Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Radical Excision ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Intradural Tumor ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background Calvarial Ewing tumor is a relatively rare differential among bony neoplasms. We present our experience of managing primary calvarial Ewing sarcoma (EWS), highlighting their clinical and radiological findings. Method In a retrospective analysis, we evaluated our 12-year database for pathologically proven EWS. A literature search was conducted for the comparative presentation and update on the management and outcome. Result From January 2008 to December 2020, we managed eight patients (male:female = 5:3; age range 6 months to 19 years, mean 11.5 years) harboring primary calvarial EWS. All cases underwent wide local excision; two patients required intradural tumor resection, while one required rotation flap for scalp reconstruction. Mean hospital stay was 8 days. All patients received adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy. Three patients remained asymptomatic at 5 years of follow-up, while two patients died. Conclusion Primary calvarial EWS is a rare entity. It usually affects patients in the first two decades of life. These tumors can be purely intracranial, causing raised intracranial pressure symptoms, which may exhibit rapidly enlarging subgaleal tumors with only cosmetic deformities or symptoms of both. Radical excision followed by adjuvant therapy may offer a favorable long-term outcome.

WoundClot® Hemostatic Gauze Reduces Bleeding Time after Arterial Venous Fistula Decannulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Orit Kliuk-Ben Bassat ◽  
Doron Schwartz ◽  
Alexander Zubkov ◽  
Amir Gal-Oz ◽  
Alexander Gorevoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Cotton Gauze ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Venous Fistula ◽  
Thrombosis Rate

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Decannulation of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after each hemodialysis session requires a precise compression on the needle puncture site. The objective of our study was to evaluate the bleeding time (BT) needed to achieve hemostasis using WoundClot, an innovative hemostatic gauze, and to assess whether its long-term use can improve AVF preservation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a prospective single center study. Initially, the time to hemostasis after AVF decannulation was compared between WoundClot and cotton gauze in 24 prevalent hemodialysis patients. Thereafter, the patients continued to use WoundClot for 12 months and were compared to a control group consisting of 25 patients using regular cotton gauze. Follow-up data included parameters of dialysis adequacy, AVF interventions, and thrombotic events. <b><i>Results:</i></b> WoundClot use shortened significantly the time needed for hemostasis. Mean venous BT decreased by 3.99 (±4.6) min and mean arterial BT by 6.38 (±4.8) min when using WoundClot compared to cotton gauze (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). At the end of the study, dialysis adequacy expressed by spKt/V was higher in the WoundClot group compared to control (1.73 vs. 1.53, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.047). Although patients in WoundClot group had a higher baseline BT, arterial and venous pressures did not differ between the groups after a median follow up of 10.8 months. AVF thrombosis rate was similar between the groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> WoundClot hemostatic gauze significantly reduced the time required for hemostasis after AVF decannulation and may be associated with better AVF preservation. We suggest using WoundClot for arterial BT longer than 15 min and for venous BT longer than 12.5 min.

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