Alpha Hemispheric Asymmetry and Stuttering

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Moore ◽  
William O. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Normal Speaking

The alpha hemispheric asymmetries of normal-speaking males, normal-speaking females and male stutterers were examined with electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques during exposure to connected speech and connected nonlinguistic stimuli. The subject selection was controlled for familial right handedness. The stutterers showed significantly less alpha in their right hemispheres for both verbal and nonverbal tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of possible variables affecting hemispheric processing in normal males, females, and stutterers. The hypothesis that stuttering may be a linguistic segmentation dysfunction is presented.

scholarly journals Hemispheric Asymmetries in Deaf and Hearing During Sustained Peripheral Selective Attention

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
O Scott Gwinn ◽  
Fang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries ◽  
Growing Body

Abstract Previous studies have shown that compared to hearing individuals, early deaf individuals allocate relatively more attention to the periphery than central visual field. However, it is not clear whether these two groups also differ in their ability to selectively attend to specific peripheral locations. We examined deaf and hearing participants’ selective attention using electroencephalography (EEG) and a frequency tagging paradigm, in which participants attended to one of two peripheral displays of moving dots that changed directions at different rates. Both participant groups showed similar amplifications and reductions in the EEG signal at the attended and unattended frequencies, indicating similar control over their peripheral attention for motion stimuli. However, for deaf participants these effects were larger in a right hemispheric region of interest (ROI), while for hearing participants these effects were larger in a left ROI. These results contribute to a growing body of evidence for a right hemispheric processing advantage in deaf populations when attending to motion.

Testosterone versus psychological castration in the expression of dominance, territoriality and breeding behavior by male village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus)

Behaviour ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Barfield ◽  
Nicholas Collias ◽  
Edward Tarvyd
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Subsaharan Africa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ploceus Cucullatus ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
The Village

AbstractThe village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus), a tropical passerine bird widely distributed in subSaharan Africa, was the subject of experiments in aviaries at our university. Castrated males fall in the dominance hierarchy, fewer such males establish territorial ownership, they sing less often and weave fewer nests. Injection with testosterone propionate in castrates, or in normal males outside the breeding season, tends to stimulate aggressiveness and breeding behavior. However, the most dominant individuals may strongly suppress breeding behavior by subordinate males (psychological castration). Thus, outside the breeding season, subordinate males that were injected with testosterone propionate to which they at first showed little response, promptly began to sing or sang significantly much more often, and established territories, after dominant males were removed from their aviary.

Reversal of Asymmetry in Human Perceptual Performance as a Function of Labeling, Mode of Response, and Familiarity

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Dee ◽  
H. Julia Hannay
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Verbal Labels ◽  
Perceptual Performance ◽  
The Difference

It has previously been demonstrated that certain characteristics of the stimulus, specifically visual complexity and verbal association value, as well as mnemonic factors are important in producing the usually obtained asymmetry in human perceptual performance, and thus presumably, hemispheric asymmetry of function. The present research demonstrated that the usual superiority of the left visual field for high-complexity, low-association-value visual forms can be reversed by the acquisition and use of verbal labels for such stimuli but is only attenuated when the labels are not used to respond to the stimuli. Simple familiarity with the visual stimuli attenuated the difference between the fields, but here there was no reversal. Implications of these results for hemispheric processing are discussed.

Clinical Measurement of Fundamental Frequency in Normal and Dysphonic Voices Using Electronic Tuners

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry C. Solberg ◽  
Linda A. Hoag ◽  
Laura Beals
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Clinical Measurement ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment ◽  
Female Voices ◽  
Normal Males

The purpose of this study was to determine whether fundamental frequency measurements made with two portable electronic tuners, relatively inexpensive devices used by musicians for fast-tuning their instruments, were comparable to those made with the Visi-Pitch (Model 6097) when analyzing both normal and dysphonic voices. Voice recordings of vowel prolongations and connected speech (oral reading) of 40 adult subjects (10 normal females, 10 dysphonic females, 10 normal males, 10 dysphonic males) were analyzed. Results indicated that measurements of connected speech samples made with the tuners correlated very highly with those made by the Visi-Pitch. The measurements of vowel samples made with the tuners also correlated very highly with those made with the Visi-Pitch with the exception of the dysphonic female voices. Measurement differences of approximately one octave for two severely dysphonic female voices contributed to the lower but nevertheless significant correlations for dysphonic female voices. Regression analyses indicated that the tuners underestimated the measurements made with the Visi-Pitch by approximately 4 Hz or less. The results support the use of the tuners for clinical measurement of fundamental frequency when more sophisticated equipment is unavailable and when users are aware of the devices’ limitations.

Profile clusters in the WAIS–R standardization sample

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN A. SCHINKA ◽  
RODNEY D. VANDERPLOEG
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Standardization Sample ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm ◽  
The Average Range

In this study we applied clustering procedures to a subgroup of 341 participants from the WAIS–R standardization sample. These individuals were selected by virtue of their having full-scale profiles characterized by scatter of greater than 8 scaled scores. Using a hierarchical clustering algorithm, a multistage procedure was used to establish and evaluate a cluster solution. The subject selection and clustering methods were successful in revealing a set of 9 profile types characterized by unique profile shapes. All profiles were associated with FSIQs that were at least in the average range. Seven of the profiles were characterized by specific subtest strengths, only 1 with subtest weaknesses. Examination of the external correlates of profile membership revealed differences among profile groups for age, marital status, education, and occupation. Our findings suggest that variability in and across the 9 profile types in this sample reflects increased contributions of unique abilities in comparison to the influence of the underlying primary and secondary WAIS–R dimensions of cognitive ability. (JINS, 1997, 3, 120–127.)

A STUDY OF BARR BODIES IN CASES OF PRIMARY AMENORRHEA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
M Hema Radhika ◽  
G. Krupa Elena
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Barr Body ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Buccal Smear ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normal Males

BACKGROUND: Barr body (or) X- chromatin is a heterochromatin mass seen in all somatic cells of females species. They account to nearly 80-90% in females and 1-3% of cells of normal males. Primary Amenorrhea a clinical condition is of varied aetiology, however Genetic factors being the major cause. Either a structural or a numerical anomaly like X- monosomy of a female results in failure of commencement of menstruation. Identication of chromatin negative condition in patients of primary amenorrhoea constitutes my study. The study i METHODOLOGY: s conducted on 58 patients who visited Obstetrics Gynaecology clinics Visakhapatnam district with presenting complaint of primary amenorrhea. Buccal smear examination is done to all the patients and observed under the microscope for Barr bodies. Photographs were taken and the observations were tabulated and analysed. Absence of Barr Body was ob RESULTS: served in 28 cases (chromatin negative) and 26 cases were chromatin positive and 4 cases showed mosaicism. Primary CONCLUSION: Amenorrhea due to chromosomal aberrations is a serious condition as it is associated with intense psychological trauma along with physical. In Turner's syndrome single X-chromosome is present (45XO), the subject is female in phenotype, but the ovaries are rudimentary (Streak Gonads) and absence of development of secondary sexual characters. So buccal smear is a simple, rapid test that will enable us to decide which patients are to be referred for further investigations to conrm the diagnosis.

Development of the Hybrid Rule and the Concept of Justice: The Selection of Subjects in Biomedical Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-924
Author(s):  
Yoshio Nukaga
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Risk Benefit Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethical Criteria ◽  
Temporal Measures ◽  
Selection Of

As biomedical research with volunteers was expanded in the United States, the rule of subject selection, constituting scientific and ethical criteria, was generated in 1981 to resolve selection bias in research. Few historical studies, however, have investigated the role of this new hybrid rule in institutional review systems. This paper describes how bioethics commissions and federal agencies have created the subject selection rule based on the concept of justice. I argue that the standardization of this rule as temporal measures, linked with risk-benefit assessment, has reformed the review mechanism, specifically investigators’ modification of research plans, thereby developing justice as balancing.

scholarly journals Evaluasi terhadap implementasi lintas minat dalam kelompok peminatan di SMA/MA Kecamatan Lembang

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggi Riafadilah ◽  
Laksmi Dewi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Guidance Counseling ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Preliminary Study

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of electives in interest groups in SMA and MA in Lembang District. As for the background in this paper is that in the current 2013 curriculum in force in Indonesia there is now a electives whose purpose is to provide a platform for learners to expand their interests and talents beyond the choice of interests according to their interests, talents, and ability by considering the value report cards, national examination scores, and counseling guidance counseling recommendations at the time the learners are in junior high school. The preliminary study that the authors do that the implementation of electives is not yet effective. Therefore, researchers try to evaluate the implementation of electives in the interest groups in high school and MA in the District of Lembang. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews and documentation studies. The result of this research is the implementation of elevtives in the interest groups in SMA and MA in Lembang not in accordance with the guidelines made by kemendikbud. Such incompatibility in terms of the subject selection process in electives. Schools determine what subjects learners get when it should learners themselves who should choose subjects in the electives. This impact on learning outcomes of learners. Factors that cause electives implementation are not in accordance with the guidelines kemendikbud such as the number of teachers, the number of students, as well as limited facilities and infrastructure. Keywords: Evaluation, Electives, Interset Group

Clinicians' Perception of Self-Produced Vocal Quality

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-594
Author(s):  
Herbert F. Schliesser
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Normal Voice ◽  
Perception Of Self ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Normal Speaking

5 graduate students in speech pathology recorded sustained vowels and connected speech under normal speaking and hyperfunctional conditions. These productions were judged by these subjects themselves and by a group of 18 listeners on a rating scale, with 1 representing normal voice and 5 severely harsh voice. Subjects were consistent in rating their own and each others' voices less harsh than listeners. Preconceived role orientation may influence students' perception of their own vocal quality.

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