Maximum Voluntary Closing Forces in the Upper and Lower Lips of Humans

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Barlow ◽  
Erick M. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Closing Force ◽  
Male Subjects

Forces generated by facial muscles during speech production have previously been estimated to involve up to 20% of maximum voluntary closing force. The gross nature of this estimate is due, in part, to the complex relationship between muscle contraction and three-dimensional tissue conformation and to the lack of data concerning maximum force. The objective of the present study was to determine the maximum voluntary closing forces for the upper and lower lips in male and female adults. The results indicate the maximum force capabilities for the lower lip to be approximately three times greater than for the upper lip. Male subjects generated significantly greater lip closing forces than female subjects. The large difference between the upper and lower lips as force plants is discussed in relation to speech function and skilled motor behavior.

scholarly journals Relationship between lip-closing force and three-dimensional lip morphology in adults with straight facial profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Asuka Fujiwara ◽  
◽  
Fumiyo Kuroyanagi ◽  
Atsushi Kawabata ◽  
Atsushi Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Imaging ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Closing Force ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between multidirectional lip­closing force and the three-dimensional morphology of perioral soft tissue in adults. Twenty-three Japanese adults with straight facial profiles participated in this study. The signals of directional lip­closing force (DLCF) were investigated in 8 directions. Three-dimensional morphology of perioral soft tissue was recorded using a 30 surface-imaging device. Correlations between lip-closing force and the three-dimensional morphology of the perioral soft tissue were analyzed statistically. Upper lip-closing force significantly correlated with the anteroposterior, vertical, transverse morphology of the upper lip, while lower lip-closing force did not correlate with the anteroposterior, vertical, or transverse morphology of the lower lip. In adults with straight facial profiles, associations were found between upper lip-closing force and upper lip morphology. There were no associations between lower lip-closing force and lower lip morphology.

scholarly journals Influence of chin height on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, layperson, and clinician

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad B. Naini ◽  
Ana Nora A. Donaldson ◽  
Fraser McDonald ◽  
Martyn T. Cobourne
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Image ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Perceived Attractiveness

Abstract Objective: To determine an objective and quantitative evaluation of how severity of chin height variations influence perceived attractiveness. Materials and Methods: The chin height of an idealized male and female frontal facial image was altered in 2.5-mm increments from −12.5 to 22.5 mm (male images) and from −10 to 20 mm (female images). These images were rated on a seven-point Likert scale by a preselected group of pretreatment orthognathic patients, clinicians, and laypeople. Results: The classical lower facial proportional canon of upper lip height as one third (33.3%), lower lip height as one third (33.3%) and chin height as one third (33.3%) of lower anterior face height (LAFH) may be used as an “ideal” proportional ratio. However, chin height variations within a given proportional range are largely unnoticed, ie, from approximately 30% chin height in relation to LAFH (male and female) up to approximately 40% (males) and 50% (females) chin height in relation to LAFH. Additionally, surgery is only desired with greater variations in chin height: greater than 50% and less than 20%–23% of LAFH in males, and greater than 58% and less than 20%–22% of LAFH in females. Patients and clinicians are more critical than laypeople, but no significant differences were found between clinicians and patients. Conclusions: In relation to the classical canon, surgical correction of chin height deformities are desired with chin height greater than 50% and less than 20%–23% of LAFH in males, and greater than 58% and less than 20%–22% of LAFH in females.

Facial Profile Of Bataknese Based On Nose, Lips And Chin Proportions

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Bahirrah
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Lateral Cephalometry

Introduction: The success of orthodontic treatment is often associated with the improvement of facial appearance. Soft tissues of the nose, lips and chin are important factors in determining the beauty of the face. The aim of this study was to determine the facial profile of the Bataknese based on the proportion of soft tissue facial components such as nose, lips and chin. Materials and Methods: This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The samples of this research consists of 48 Batak tribe students in FKG USU Medan. This research was carried out by using 48 lateral cephalometry obtained from Batak tribe students who fit the inclusion criteria.Determination of soft tissue facial profile was carried out with Skinazi method. Results: The mean proportion results obtained from the soft tissue facial components of the nose was 64.41%, upper lip 13.79%, lower lip 14.80% and chin 6.86%. The results showed soft tissue facial profile obtained descriptively from the Bataknese were highest in nose proportion followed by lower lip, upper lip and the smallest were chin proportion. Large proportion of the nose and small proportion of chin showed that facial profile of the Bataknese were convex. The results of t- test and Mann Whitney analysis of nose, upper lip, lower lip and chin proportion showed there were no difference between male and female (p>0.05). Conclusion(s): The findings of this research showed that the soft tissue facial profile based on nose, lips and chin propotions in male and female from Batak tribe were convex.

Lip and Jaw Motor Control during Speech: Responses to Resistive Loading of the Jaw

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Folkins ◽  
James H. Abbs
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Motor Reorganization ◽  
Resistive Loading ◽  
Medial Pterygoid ◽  
On Line ◽  
Resistive Loads

Resistive loads were applied to the jaw during speech production. Loads were initiated during the jaw closing movement associated with the production of bilabial stops, creating a situation in which bilabial closure would be disrupted if motor control were independent of peripheral feedback. Three subjects were observed during control and experimental conditions. In all utterances in which a load was appropriately introduced, closure of the lips was achieved and the bilabial stop was adequately produced. To assess the nature of this control, displacement of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw, in the inferior-superior dimension, were recorded along with EMG from medial pterygoid, anterior temporalis, masseter, and orbicularis oris superior muscles. Based on observation of these variables, it appears that the muscles of the lips and jaw are capable of on-line compensatory motor reorganization.

Differential Fine Force Control of the Upper and Lower Lips

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Barlow ◽  
Ronald Netsell
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip

From a review of the literature, it was hypothesized that the upper lip and lower lip are differentially controlled by separate, but interacting, neuronal connectivities. A normal data base was developed for select measures of fine force control occurring within physiologic levels presumably involved in speech production. Fine force control in the lower lip was found to be significantly more stable, and recruited at higher rates than the upper lip. Explanations are presented for the lower lip superiority on these measures and observations are made concerning the use of these rudimentary physiologic measures in studies of the dysarthrias.

scholarly journals Lip Dimensions of an Adult Nigerian Population with Normal Occlusion

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Ikenna Isiekwe ◽  
Oluranti Olatokunbo daCosta ◽  
Michael Chukwudi Isiekwe
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Female Values

ABSTRACT Introduction The soft tissue paradigm is placing greater emphasis on the importance of the soft tissue profile to orthodontic treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the lip dimensions of a Nigerian adult population; compare the male and female values and to compare the values obtained for Nigerians with those reported for other population. Methodology Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 100 students (44 males and 56 females) of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, aged 18 to 25 years were taken. Selected subjects were of Nigerian ancestry with normal occlusion and a harmonious facial appearance. The radiographs were manually traced and the upper and lower lip length and thickness of each subject was measured. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS, while the male and female values were compared using student's t-tests. Results Mean values for the lip dimensions were computed for the entire sample. Marked sexual dimorphism was observed with the males having thicker and longer upper and lower lips than the females. The Nigerian sample also had a longer upper lip and a thicker and shorter lower lip than that reported for Caucasians. However, both population had a similar upper lip thickness. Conclusion Cephalometric norms were developed for the lip dimensions of a Nigerian population. Marked sexual dimorphism was observed in the Nigerian population studied with the males having longer and thicker lips than the females. The lip dimensions of the Nigerian population studied differed from that reported for Caucasians and other racial groups. Clinical significance The lip dimensions established in this study would aid in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment planning for Nigerians. Furthermore, due to the marked sexual dimorphism observed in the Nigerian population studied, gender specific and not generalized norms should be used. How to cite this article Isiekwe GI, daCosta OO, Isiekwe MC. Lip Dimensions of an Adult Nigerian Population with Normal Occlusion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):188-193.

scholarly journals Conservative treatment of a Class I malocclusion with 12 mm overjet, overbite and severe mandibular crowding

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Marcos Alan Vieira Bittencourt ◽  
Arthur Costa Rodrigues Farias ◽  
Marcelo de Castellucci e Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Aesthetics ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Lower Arch ◽  
Lower Incisors

INTRODUCTION: A female patient aged 12 years and 2 months had molars and canines in Class II relationship, severe overjet (12 mm), deep overbite (100%), excessive retroclination and extrusion of the lower incisors, upper incisor proclination, with mild midline diastema. Both dental arches appeared constricted and a lower arch discrepancy of less than -6.5 mm. Facially, she had a significant upper incisors display at rest, interposition and eversion of the lower lip, acute nasolabial angle and convex profile. OBJECTIVE: To report a clinical case consisting of Angle Class I malocclusion with deep overbite and overjet in addition to severe crowding treated with a conservative approach. METHODS: Treatment consisted of slight retraction of the upper incisors and intrusion and protrusion of the lower incisors until all crowding was eliminated. RESULTS: Adequate overbite and overjet were achieved while maintaining the Angle Class I canine and molar relationships and coincident midlines. The facial features were improved, with the emergence of a slightly convex profile and lip competence, achieved through a slight retraction of the upper lip and protrusion of the lower lip, while improving the nasolabial and mentolabial sulcus. CONCLUSIONS: This conservative approach with no extractions proved effective and resulted in a significant improvement of the occlusal relationship as well as in the patient's dental and facial aesthetics.

scholarly journals Improving 3D-3D facial registration methods: potential role of three-dimensional models in personal identification of the living

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Gibelli ◽  
Andrea Palamenghi ◽  
Pasquale Poppa ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Cristina Cattaneo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
3D Registration ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
Male Subjects

AbstractPersonal identification of the living from video surveillance systems usually involves 2D images. However, the potentiality of three-dimensional facial models in gaining personal identification through 3D-3D comparison still needs to be verified. This study aims at testing the reliability of a protocol for 3D-3D registration of facial models, potentially useful for personal identification. Fifty male subjects aged between 18 and 45 years were randomly chosen from a database of 3D facial models acquired through stereophotogrammetry. For each subject, two acquisitions were available; the 3D models of faces were then registered onto other models belonging to the same and different individuals according to the least point-to-point distance on the entire facial surface, for a total of 50 matches and 50 mismatches. RMS value (root mean square) of point-to-point distance between the two models was then calculated through the VAM® software. Intra- and inter-observer errors were assessed through calculation of relative technical error of measurement (rTEM). Possible statistically significant differences between matches and mismatches were assessed through Mann–Whitney test (p < 0.05). Both for intra- and inter-observer repeatability rTEM was between 2.2 and 5.2%. Average RMS point-to-point distance was 0.50 ± 0.28 mm in matches, 2.62 ± 0.56 mm in mismatches (p < 0.01). An RMS threshold of 1.50 mm could distinguish matches and mismatches in 100% of cases. This study provides an improvement to existing 3D-3D superimposition methods and confirms the great advantages which may derive to personal identification of the living from 3D facial analysis.

The five‐factor personality model in applied settings

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Montag ◽  
Joseph Levin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Two studies of the Revised NEO‐Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) conducted on two different applicant samples (one consisting of 539 female subjects and the other consisting of 396 male subjects) are reported. Factor analysis of the female sample yielded a five‐factor solution, highly congruent with the factors presented by Costa, McCrae and Dye (1991). Results of the male data were less clear‐cut, yielding four to five factors which were moderately congruent with the American data. The combined male and female sample showed again high congruence coefficients. Various minor deviations in the location of the facet variables are discussed.

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