scholarly journals Influence of chin height on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, layperson, and clinician

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad B. Naini ◽  
Ana Nora A. Donaldson ◽  
Fraser McDonald ◽  
Martyn T. Cobourne
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Image ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Perceived Attractiveness

Abstract Objective: To determine an objective and quantitative evaluation of how severity of chin height variations influence perceived attractiveness. Materials and Methods: The chin height of an idealized male and female frontal facial image was altered in 2.5-mm increments from −12.5 to 22.5 mm (male images) and from −10 to 20 mm (female images). These images were rated on a seven-point Likert scale by a preselected group of pretreatment orthognathic patients, clinicians, and laypeople. Results: The classical lower facial proportional canon of upper lip height as one third (33.3%), lower lip height as one third (33.3%) and chin height as one third (33.3%) of lower anterior face height (LAFH) may be used as an “ideal” proportional ratio. However, chin height variations within a given proportional range are largely unnoticed, ie, from approximately 30% chin height in relation to LAFH (male and female) up to approximately 40% (males) and 50% (females) chin height in relation to LAFH. Additionally, surgery is only desired with greater variations in chin height: greater than 50% and less than 20%–23% of LAFH in males, and greater than 58% and less than 20%–22% of LAFH in females. Patients and clinicians are more critical than laypeople, but no significant differences were found between clinicians and patients. Conclusions: In relation to the classical canon, surgical correction of chin height deformities are desired with chin height greater than 50% and less than 20%–23% of LAFH in males, and greater than 58% and less than 20%–22% of LAFH in females.

scholarly journals Surgical Correction of Congenital Double Lip - A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6004-6007
Author(s):  
Janani Kandamani ◽  
Sudarssan Subramaniam Gouthaman ◽  
Divya Sanjeevi Ramakrishnan ◽  
Santhosh Kumar M. P.
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Mucous Gland ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
The Face ◽  
Transverse Zones

Lip provides an attractive and pleasing appearance to the face. Lip anomaly is by the presence of excess fold or redundant or tissue on side of the lip which is referred as double lip. It can be either congenital or acquired and unilateral or bilateral. Such rare entity can affect either upper lip or lower lip or both as seen in syndrome which can be easily diagnosed clinically and rarely reports were published on congenital double lip. During growth and development, the upper lip possesses an outer cutaneous zone often referred as pars and an inner zone which is known as pars which are the two transverse zones. The non-inflammatory labial mucous gland of the pars and unreasonable abundant tissue results in double lip. Treatment should be carried out by an excision of the and sub tissue, without involvement of the underlying muscle This article is a report of a 10 years old boy with this deformity who presented with the complaint of huge lips causing unaesthetic appearance of face and was surgically managed improving the appearance of the face aesthetically acceptable which in turn improves the confidence level of an individual.

Facial Profile Of Bataknese Based On Nose, Lips And Chin Proportions

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Bahirrah
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Lateral Cephalometry

Introduction: The success of orthodontic treatment is often associated with the improvement of facial appearance. Soft tissues of the nose, lips and chin are important factors in determining the beauty of the face. The aim of this study was to determine the facial profile of the Bataknese based on the proportion of soft tissue facial components such as nose, lips and chin. Materials and Methods: This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The samples of this research consists of 48 Batak tribe students in FKG USU Medan. This research was carried out by using 48 lateral cephalometry obtained from Batak tribe students who fit the inclusion criteria.Determination of soft tissue facial profile was carried out with Skinazi method. Results: The mean proportion results obtained from the soft tissue facial components of the nose was 64.41%, upper lip 13.79%, lower lip 14.80% and chin 6.86%. The results showed soft tissue facial profile obtained descriptively from the Bataknese were highest in nose proportion followed by lower lip, upper lip and the smallest were chin proportion. Large proportion of the nose and small proportion of chin showed that facial profile of the Bataknese were convex. The results of t- test and Mann Whitney analysis of nose, upper lip, lower lip and chin proportion showed there were no difference between male and female (p>0.05). Conclusion(s): The findings of this research showed that the soft tissue facial profile based on nose, lips and chin propotions in male and female from Batak tribe were convex.

Maximum Voluntary Closing Forces in the Upper and Lower Lips of Humans

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Barlow ◽  
Erick M. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Closing Force ◽  
Male Subjects

Forces generated by facial muscles during speech production have previously been estimated to involve up to 20% of maximum voluntary closing force. The gross nature of this estimate is due, in part, to the complex relationship between muscle contraction and three-dimensional tissue conformation and to the lack of data concerning maximum force. The objective of the present study was to determine the maximum voluntary closing forces for the upper and lower lips in male and female adults. The results indicate the maximum force capabilities for the lower lip to be approximately three times greater than for the upper lip. Male subjects generated significantly greater lip closing forces than female subjects. The large difference between the upper and lower lips as force plants is discussed in relation to speech function and skilled motor behavior.

scholarly journals Lip Dimensions of an Adult Nigerian Population with Normal Occlusion

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Ikenna Isiekwe ◽  
Oluranti Olatokunbo daCosta ◽  
Michael Chukwudi Isiekwe
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Female Values

ABSTRACT Introduction The soft tissue paradigm is placing greater emphasis on the importance of the soft tissue profile to orthodontic treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the lip dimensions of a Nigerian adult population; compare the male and female values and to compare the values obtained for Nigerians with those reported for other population. Methodology Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 100 students (44 males and 56 females) of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, aged 18 to 25 years were taken. Selected subjects were of Nigerian ancestry with normal occlusion and a harmonious facial appearance. The radiographs were manually traced and the upper and lower lip length and thickness of each subject was measured. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS, while the male and female values were compared using student's t-tests. Results Mean values for the lip dimensions were computed for the entire sample. Marked sexual dimorphism was observed with the males having thicker and longer upper and lower lips than the females. The Nigerian sample also had a longer upper lip and a thicker and shorter lower lip than that reported for Caucasians. However, both population had a similar upper lip thickness. Conclusion Cephalometric norms were developed for the lip dimensions of a Nigerian population. Marked sexual dimorphism was observed in the Nigerian population studied with the males having longer and thicker lips than the females. The lip dimensions of the Nigerian population studied differed from that reported for Caucasians and other racial groups. Clinical significance The lip dimensions established in this study would aid in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment planning for Nigerians. Furthermore, due to the marked sexual dimorphism observed in the Nigerian population studied, gender specific and not generalized norms should be used. How to cite this article Isiekwe GI, daCosta OO, Isiekwe MC. Lip Dimensions of an Adult Nigerian Population with Normal Occlusion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):188-193.

scholarly journals Conservative treatment of a Class I malocclusion with 12 mm overjet, overbite and severe mandibular crowding

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Marcos Alan Vieira Bittencourt ◽  
Arthur Costa Rodrigues Farias ◽  
Marcelo de Castellucci e Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Aesthetics ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Lower Arch ◽  
Lower Incisors

INTRODUCTION: A female patient aged 12 years and 2 months had molars and canines in Class II relationship, severe overjet (12 mm), deep overbite (100%), excessive retroclination and extrusion of the lower incisors, upper incisor proclination, with mild midline diastema. Both dental arches appeared constricted and a lower arch discrepancy of less than -6.5 mm. Facially, she had a significant upper incisors display at rest, interposition and eversion of the lower lip, acute nasolabial angle and convex profile. OBJECTIVE: To report a clinical case consisting of Angle Class I malocclusion with deep overbite and overjet in addition to severe crowding treated with a conservative approach. METHODS: Treatment consisted of slight retraction of the upper incisors and intrusion and protrusion of the lower incisors until all crowding was eliminated. RESULTS: Adequate overbite and overjet were achieved while maintaining the Angle Class I canine and molar relationships and coincident midlines. The facial features were improved, with the emergence of a slightly convex profile and lip competence, achieved through a slight retraction of the upper lip and protrusion of the lower lip, while improving the nasolabial and mentolabial sulcus. CONCLUSIONS: This conservative approach with no extractions proved effective and resulted in a significant improvement of the occlusal relationship as well as in the patient's dental and facial aesthetics.

Movements of the Upper and Lower Lips during Speech

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Folkins ◽  
Jeanne L. Canty
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Organizational Systems ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Block Sizes ◽  
Open Position ◽  
Normal Speaking ◽  
Speech Articulators

Inferior-superior displacements of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw were transduced with a strain-gauge system in 4 normal-speaking adults. Movements of the upper and lower lips were compared across conditions in which the jaw was free to move and when bite blocks were used to fix the jaw at four different vertical positions. As jaw-open position was increased with the bite blocks, it was found that: (a) Positions of both lips changed for bilabial closure, but the closing movements did not usually maintain consistent proportions between lips across different bite-block sizes; (b) although the lips maintained fairly consistent maximum interlabial opening across many conditions, this opening was reduced in the small bite-block conditions; and (c) in a few cases there was an increase in the duration of lip-closing movements, but these were small and inconsistent. The findings are discussed relative to possible organizational systems that would produce the observed interactions among speech articulators.

Lip and Jaw Kinematics in Bilabial Stop Consonant Production

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Löfqvist ◽  
Vincent L. Gracco
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Vowel Context ◽  
Virtual Target ◽  
Contextual Variability ◽  
Consonant Voicing

This paper reports two experiments, each designed to clarify different aspects of bilabial stop consonant production. The first one examined events during the labial closure using kinematic recordings in combination with records of oral air pressure and force of labial contact. The results of this experiment suggested that the lips were moving at a high velocity when the oral closure occurred. They also indicated mechanical interactions between the lips during the closure, including tissue compression and the lower lip moving the upper lip upward. The second experiment studied patterns of upper and lower lip interactions, movement variability within and across speakers, and the effects on lip and jaw kinematics of stop consonant voicing and vowel context. Again, the results showed that the lips were moving at a high velocity at the onset of the oral closure. No consistent influences of stop consonant voicing were observed on lip and jaw kinematics in five subjects, nor on a derived measure of lip aperture. The overall results are compatible with the hypothesis that one target for the lips in bilabial stop production is a region of negative lip aperture. A negative lip aperture implies that to reach their virtual target, the lips would have to move beyond each other. Such a control strategy would ensure that the lips will form an air tight seal irrespective of any contextual variability in the onset positions of their closing movements.

Articulatory peculiarities of the Baraba-Tatar phoneme о /ʊ̇/ (on MRI data)

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-208
Author(s):  
T. R. Ryzhikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Acoustic Effect ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Vocal System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The paper aims to describe the articulatory traits of the Baraba-Tatar phoneme o /ʊ̇/ by the somatic methods. The method used is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Eighteen Barabian tomograms comprising o-type articulation have been described and analyzed according to the technique adopted in the V. M. Nadelyayev’s Laboratory of Experimental-Phonetic Researches (Institute of Philology SB RAS). The text provides only general observations and conclusions, with a full description of all tomograms given in three tables. The experimentalphonetic analysis of the Baraba-Tatar tomograms of the vowel o allowed the author to draw several conclusions. There is a variability of the o-type tunings in Barabian, the most typical being the central-back narrow labialized ejective realization. Though it is very narrow and is phonetically transcribed as /ʊ̇/, it is acoustically perceived as o. While producing the sound o, the oral and pharyngeal cavities become very small, producing the effect of tension. Additional narrowing occurs between the soft palate and the tongue back as well as between the upper teeth and the lower lip, thus preventing the airflow from free release. The lip position is also unusual: instead of protruding forward, the upper lip moves back, tightly covering the upper teeth to produce an interesting acoustic effect. To sum up, further investigation of all vocal system units of Baraba-Tatar is needed to draw ultimate conclusions about the typological belonging of the language under consideration.

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