Gender and consumerism in Nickolas Muray's photography for McCall's magazine, 1933-1945

This thesis examines aspects of gender and consumer culture in Nickolas Muray's photographs for McCall's magazine from 1933 to 1945. It emphasizes the fluidity of meaning from image content to magazine context and includes two image indexes of Muray's images for McCall's from 1933 to 1945. One features original photographs and the other, published images. McCall's was a mass circulating women's magazine designed for the middle class homemaker. Muray's photographs for McCall's had the dual responsibility of representing the magazine's identity and the reader's idealizations. His images reflected expectations and perpetuated stereotypes of the American woman. At times, her role embodied traditional female values and at other times, it embraced modem womanhood and consumer culture. The latter was continuously amplified by the context of the magazine. These aspects of her role did not conflict. Rather, they complemented one another and characterized the diversity and limitations of her identity.

Gender and consumerism in Nickolas Muray's photography for McCall's magazine, 1933-1945

This thesis examines aspects of gender and consumer culture in Nickolas Muray's photographs for McCall's magazine from 1933 to 1945. It emphasizes the fluidity of meaning from image content to magazine context and includes two image indexes of Muray's images for McCall's from 1933 to 1945. One features original photographs and the other, published images. McCall's was a mass circulating women's magazine designed for the middle class homemaker. Muray's photographs for McCall's had the dual responsibility of representing the magazine's identity and the reader's idealizations. His images reflected expectations and perpetuated stereotypes of the American woman. At times, her role embodied traditional female values and at other times, it embraced modem womanhood and consumer culture. The latter was continuously amplified by the context of the magazine. These aspects of her role did not conflict. Rather, they complemented one another and characterized the diversity and limitations of her identity.

Beauty has no age anymore: Fashion and youth in Colombia (1970–99)

This article analyses the cultural construction of youth and beauty as socially dominant values through an interrogation of Colombian fashion magazines produced between 1970 and 1999. To this end, the article analyses the role of fashion and the textile industry – including brands, textile companies and designers – within this key period to understand the transformation of male and female values in the process of establishing youth as an imperative standard for appearance and behaviour. The methodology used is discourse analysis applied to visual and textual advertising published by fashion magazines during the aforementioned period, as a means to understand the ideals and values of fashion and its material culture. This article reveals the tensions between the historical construction of youth in Colombia and the textile and fashion industries, the de-differentiation of youth as a value in men and women, and the paradoxical ambiguity between the ephemeral logic of fashion and the eternal aspiration of youth. These issues have not been adequately explored with regard to Colombia yet.

Moğol İmparatorluk Mirasının Önemli Bir Unsuru Olarak Alangoa Kültü

State formations have generally transformed societies into more hierarchical structures, caused differentiation in gender roles and formed more powerful patriarchal social structures. However, the traditional understanding of the Mongol society, which gives importance to the female line and female values, was institutionalized and preserved through centuries in the Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan. The fact that Chinggis Khan’s divine lineage was based on a woman named Alangoa, who got pregnant from divine light, has been very influential. In the Secret History, the ideal female model through the Alangoa cult was shaped by the mother of Chinggis Khan, Mother Höe’lün and his wife Börte and institutionalized in the Mongolian official state ideology. This article will examine how the traditional gender roles were institutionalized around the Alangoa cult in the light of the Secret History of the Mongols. In addition, the questions of why and how this understanding continued among Turco-Mongolian states and empires that were not descendants from Chinggis Khan’s lineage after the Mongol Empire will also be addressed.

ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL DO ARATU Goniopsis cruentata (LATREILLE, 1803) NO ESTUÁRIO DOS RIOS PIAUI/REAL, ESTADO DE SERGIPE, BRASIL

Artisanal fishing of aratu occurs throughout the northeastern coast, but their total catch is only estimated for three states, Pernambuco, Sergipe and Bahia. The aratu fishing is intense and few studies on the biology of the species, population dynamics and socioeconomic has been published. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the population structure and reproductive aspects of G. cruentata, landed in the communities of Cajazeiras and Pontal, in Sergipe. The collections were made monthly when the new moon, from March 2015 to February 2016. The results showed that the carapace width (LC) of the animals ranged in Cajazeiras 25 to 53.8 mm and 59.6 mm in Pontal. Cajazeiras and Pontal showed different patterns for the percentage of females and males, considering the frequency of carapace width. Females were predominant in 26-48 mm class in Cajazeiras and in Pontal from 28 to 44 mm. The males were the majority in the longest lengths in Cajazeiras and Pontal, the result indicates that the males dominate in the longest lengths. Mature female maturation was found throughout the study with greater frequency in September in both mangroves studied. The estimated result of the wide average carapace at first maturity of females in Cajazeiras indicated value of 33.2 mm and males equal to 36.5 mm; Pontal for the female values was 31.2 mm and 36.8 mm male.

Kebaya: Belenggu Konservatif Perempuan Muslim

Kebaya as clothing that is identical to Indonesian identity has undergone changes in line with modernization. This change, apart from encouraging adaptations that must be carried out by women, also has implications for female values. This paper explains how changes in the existence and use of the kebaya as women's clothing have become the basis for the values and norms imposed on women. Kebaya modifications in various forms also become a configuration that forms the inherent values of women. Given that the kebaya is also the clothing of Muslim women, the kebaya has presented an interaction between culture and religion in its use. In other words, the times that were adapted to clothing have also changed perceptions of women's identity.

Sex-selective abortion in Vietnam during 1999-2009: the first quantitative study at national level

Introduction: The sex ratio at birth has dramatically increased since 1999 in Vietnam and stood at 112.7 boys per 100 girls in 2017. This figure alarms many female fetuses are aborted for sex-selection but the numerical evidence is unknown. To depict an accurate picture about the sex-selective abortion, we conducted a study to analyze the national data for sex-abortion in Vietnam. Methods: To estimate the number of sex-selective abortions between 1999 and 2009, the 2009 Census and 1999 Life table of Vietnam were adopted. We calculated the actual number of female and male births for ten years using the reverse survival method. Then the number of sex-selective abortions was the gap between the expected and actual numbers of female births. Results: There was 217,902 sex-selective abortions, which accounted for 11.8% of all causes of abortion in Vietnam from 1999 to 2009. The number of sex-selective abortions was nearly double from 74,179 in 1999-2004 to 143,723 in 2005-2009, even the national punishments on sex-selective abortion were launched since 2003. Conclusions: Female fetuses are more likely aborted before birth for sex-selection in Vietnam because of the son preference. In the situation of Vietnam, changing the social norm regarding female values and roles in both family and society is the key solution to end this problem.

The potential role of palatal rugae pattern in sex determination among an adult Egyptian population sample

Background Sex determination is the first step in personal identification in the forensic field. Participants and Methods The study sample included 200 participants of equal number of both sexes in the age group between 20 and 30 years. They were collected from the outpatient clinics of the Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University after taking their informed consent. Maxillary arch impression was taken, with an alginate impression material using a stainless steel impression tray, for subsequent palatal rugae study. Results The mean number of primary palatal rugae was more than the secondary rugae, the wavy rugae were the most predominant type followed by the straight rugae. There was a highly statistically significant difference between males and females with a higher male values regarding the total palatal rugae number, wavy rugae number and primary rugae number while, there was a highly statistically significant difference with higher female values regarding the straight rugae numbers. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between age and primary palatal rugae number. An Egyptian equation was constructed using discriminant function analysis to determine the sex of an unidentified person. Conclusion Palatal rugae pattern study is a useful science for sex determination in the forensic field.

The efficiencies of teaching process in the faculty member of Koya University according to some changes

University conceders the most important institution in the process of making human forces for any society. One of the any university is whether the faculty members updating their efficiencies in the process of teaching and tutorial application of them. The aims of this research are to the capacity of teaching among university lecturers in general and according to specialization, gender and scientific title. For this purpose, deceptive method has been used among (80) university lecturer in Koya University for the academic year 2018-2019. The researcher designed a questioner of 62 items of choosing, yes and no which have specific answers. The results showed that the efficiencies of the teachers and the value of (t) were more than the table-(t) value, which means that the teachers care more about their efficiencies. Concerning of the changing relation of demographical gender, the study showed the differences between the male and female values (264-33) more than the average value of the male (247-33), which means that the female teachers care more about their efficiencies than the male teachers. Concerning the Faculties of sciences and the Faculties of humanities, the experiment of (Anova) showed no differences between the both values. Based on the results of the study, conducting more research among different and larger sample is recommended. In addition, the students and lecturers should give them an opportunity in the processes of teaching. Finally, the ministry of higher education and scientific research may take advantage from this kind of scientific research.

A Comparison Between the Goddess Image in Ancient China and Ancient Greek Mythology from the Perspective of Female Values

<p>Mythology, as a special cultural carrier, can reflect people’s spiritual values in a certain period and region. In ancient Chinese mythology and ancient Greek mythology, there are some goddess with similar attributes or symbolic meaning. Their symbolic attributes essentially represent some specific areas of women’s values, such as fertility, wisdom, love and marriage. Based on the mythology of ancient China and Greece as well as the ancient social background of the two countries, this paper analyzes and compares the goddess images in the myths of the two countries from the perspective of fertility, wisdom, love and marriage in the female values. In the aspect of fertility, China in the matriarchal society showed the worship of the supremacy of women. In the aspect of wisdom, the ancient Greek society affirmed the importance of moral wisdom, and also emphasized the necessity of acquiring personal skills, interests and reputation. In the aspect of love and marriage, women in both countries were victims of the patriarchal society, but the ancient Greek society emphasized the pursuit of individual hedonism and freedom. What’s more, the goddess images in Chinese mythology are romantic, while the goddess images in ancient Greek mythology is more humanistic. From these aspects, the comparative analysis of the two goddesses can reveal the characteristics, social causes and evolution of the ancient women’s values of the people of the two countries.</p><p> </p>