scholarly journals Relationship between lip-closing force and three-dimensional lip morphology in adults with straight facial profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Asuka Fujiwara ◽  
◽  
Fumiyo Kuroyanagi ◽  
Atsushi Kawabata ◽  
Atsushi Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Imaging ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Closing Force ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between multidirectional lip­closing force and the three-dimensional morphology of perioral soft tissue in adults. Twenty-three Japanese adults with straight facial profiles participated in this study. The signals of directional lip­closing force (DLCF) were investigated in 8 directions. Three-dimensional morphology of perioral soft tissue was recorded using a 30 surface-imaging device. Correlations between lip-closing force and the three-dimensional morphology of the perioral soft tissue were analyzed statistically. Upper lip-closing force significantly correlated with the anteroposterior, vertical, transverse morphology of the upper lip, while lower lip-closing force did not correlate with the anteroposterior, vertical, or transverse morphology of the lower lip. In adults with straight facial profiles, associations were found between upper lip-closing force and upper lip morphology. There were no associations between lower lip-closing force and lower lip morphology.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Facial Profile Changes Associated with Incisors Retraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Ayman Salman Al-Shakhs ◽  
Hayder Abdallah Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Lower Incisors

Background: The general tendency of facial soft tissue response toward incisors retraction could be expected in various malocclusions. However, different initial malocclusion no doubt leads to differences in this response. Material and method: This retrospective study consisted of thirty-seven pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalographs belongs to adolescent female with mean age of 15.03 years. The twenty-four landmarks (skeletal, dental, soft tissue) were located and horizontal and vertical reference planes were used. Sixteen linear and six angular measurements were evaluated statistically. The pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were superimposed on best fit cribriform plate of the ethmoid to analyze soft tissue facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment. Results: The three methods of error indicated that measurements were valid and reliable. The Labrale superius retraction exhibited the best predictability among upper lip components (Sn, Ss), whereas the lower lip showed better predictability and correlation than the upper lip. The upper and the lower lips revealed relatively similar mean retraction value (2.92 mm) and (2.6 mm) although the upper incisors retracted more (5.25 mm) than the lower incisors (2.86 mm). Conclusion: The upper incisors to Labrale superius ratio (1.99:1, UIP:Ls) exhibited the highest correlation (r=0.55**) among the other established ratios. The lower incisors to Labrale inferius ratio was (1.13:1, LIP: Is) with significant correlation (r=0.44**), whereas no significant correlation was observed with Labrale superius (r=0.27).

Facial Profile Of Bataknese Based On Nose, Lips And Chin Proportions

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Bahirrah
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Lateral Cephalometry

Introduction: The success of orthodontic treatment is often associated with the improvement of facial appearance. Soft tissues of the nose, lips and chin are important factors in determining the beauty of the face. The aim of this study was to determine the facial profile of the Bataknese based on the proportion of soft tissue facial components such as nose, lips and chin. Materials and Methods: This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The samples of this research consists of 48 Batak tribe students in FKG USU Medan. This research was carried out by using 48 lateral cephalometry obtained from Batak tribe students who fit the inclusion criteria.Determination of soft tissue facial profile was carried out with Skinazi method. Results: The mean proportion results obtained from the soft tissue facial components of the nose was 64.41%, upper lip 13.79%, lower lip 14.80% and chin 6.86%. The results showed soft tissue facial profile obtained descriptively from the Bataknese were highest in nose proportion followed by lower lip, upper lip and the smallest were chin proportion. Large proportion of the nose and small proportion of chin showed that facial profile of the Bataknese were convex. The results of t- test and Mann Whitney analysis of nose, upper lip, lower lip and chin proportion showed there were no difference between male and female (p>0.05). Conclusion(s): The findings of this research showed that the soft tissue facial profile based on nose, lips and chin propotions in male and female from Batak tribe were convex.

Maximum Voluntary Closing Forces in the Upper and Lower Lips of Humans

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Barlow ◽  
Erick M. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Closing Force ◽  
Male Subjects

Forces generated by facial muscles during speech production have previously been estimated to involve up to 20% of maximum voluntary closing force. The gross nature of this estimate is due, in part, to the complex relationship between muscle contraction and three-dimensional tissue conformation and to the lack of data concerning maximum force. The objective of the present study was to determine the maximum voluntary closing forces for the upper and lower lips in male and female adults. The results indicate the maximum force capabilities for the lower lip to be approximately three times greater than for the upper lip. Male subjects generated significantly greater lip closing forces than female subjects. The large difference between the upper and lower lips as force plants is discussed in relation to speech function and skilled motor behavior.

scholarly journals Angular Photogrammetric Soft Tissue Facial Profile Analysis of Bangladeshi Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Lubna Akter ◽  
Md. Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Introduction Angular photogrammetric soft tissue facial profile analysis provides a permanent record for the actual appearance of a person, which would also serve to establish an ideal esthetic treatment goal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the average angular variables that define the soft tissue facial profile of a Bangladeshi sample. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Bangladesh, from July to December 2015. Soft tissue facial profiles of 200 participants (100 males and 100 females) between 18 and 25 years of age, with a dental Class I occlusal relationship and harmonious soft tissue profile, were selected by convenience sampling among students, doctors, and patients of Dhaka Dental College. Standardized photographs of 200 samples were taken in the natural head position. The photographic records were analyzed with the software for Windows, Microsoft Visio 2007, Standard Edition. All data were analyzed through standard methods using Statistical Package for the Statistical Package for Social Science Software (SPSS Version-20, IBM Corp, USA). Results The average angular measurements for nasofrontal, total facial angle, facial angle, upper lip angle, projection of lower lip to chin, and mentolabial angle were wider in females. The mean value for nose tip angle, nasolabial angle, nasomental angle, and projection of upper lip to chin angle was higher in males compared to females. Nasofrontal angle (G-N-Nd) (P = 0.000) and mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg) (P = 0.001) showed statistically significant differences. The greatest variability was found for mentolabial angle. Conclusion The study of angular photogrammetric soft tissue facial profile analysis of Bangladeshi young adults contributes to the establishment of standardized normal values for the population. This study provides data which can be used in treatment planning by specialists such as orthodontists, prosthodontists, plastic surgeons, and maxillofacial surgeons, who have the capability to change the soft tissue facial features.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Reproducibility of Facial Measurements of Digital Photographs and Wrapped Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Photographs

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Maged Sultan Alhammadi ◽  
Abeer Abdulkareem Al-mashraqi ◽  
Rayid Hussain Alnami ◽  
Nawaf Mohammad Ashqar ◽  
Omar Hassan Alamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Digital Photographs ◽  
Gonial Angle

The study sought to assess whether the soft tissue facial profile measurements of direct Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized facial photographs are accurate compared to the standardized digital photographs. In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with an age range of 18–30 years, who were indicated for CBCT, were enrolled. Two facial photographs were taken per patient: standardized and random (non-standardized). The non-standardized ones were wrapped with the CBCT images. The most used soft tissue facial profile landmarks/parameters (linear and angular) were measured on direct soft tissue three-dimensional (3D) images and on the photographs wrapped over the 3D-CBCT images, and then compared to the standardized photographs. The reliability analysis was performed using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and depicted graphically using Bland–Altman plots. Most of the linear and angular measurements showed high reliability (0.91 to 0.998). Nevertheless, four soft tissue measurements were unreliable; namely, posterior gonial angle (0.085 and 0.11 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), mandibular plane angle (0.006 and 0.0016 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), posterior facial height (0.63 and 0.62 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively) and total soft tissue facial convexity (0.52 for both wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively). The soft tissue facial profile measurements from either the direct 3D-CBCT images or the wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized frontal photographs were accurate, and can be used to analyze most of the soft tissue facial profile measurements.

scholarly journals The maxillary incisor display at rest: analysis of the underlying components

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Jeelani ◽  
Mubassar Fida ◽  
Attiya Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maxillary incisal display is one of the most important attributes of smile esthetics. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maxillary incisal display at rest (MIDR) and various soft tissue, hard tissue and dental components. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 males, 75 females) aged 18-30 years. The MIDR was recorded from the pretreatment orthodontic records. The following parameters were assessed on lateral cephalograms: ANB angle, mandibular plane angle, palatal plane angle, lower anterior and total anterior facial heights, upper incisor inclination, upper anterior dentoalveolar height, and upper lip length, thickness and protrusion. The relationship between MIDR and various skeletal, dental and soft tissue components was assessed using linear regression analyses. Results: The mean MIDR was significantly greater in females than males (p = 0.011). A significant positive correlation was found between MIDR and ANB angle, mandibular plane angle and lower anterior facial height. A significant negative correlation was found between MIDR and upper lip length and thickness. Linear regression analysis showed that upper lip length was the strongest predictor of MIDR, explaining 29.7% of variance in MIDR. A multiple linear regression model based on mandibular plane angle, lower anterior facial height, upper lip length and upper lip thickness explained about 63.4% of variance in MIDR. Conclusions: Incisal display at rest was generally greater in females than males. Multiple factors play a role in determining MIDR, nevertheless upper lip length was found to be the strongest predictor of variations in MIDR.

scholarly journals Soft tissue thickness of face profile conditioning by dento-skeletal anomalies

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Tatjana Tanic ◽  
Zorica Blazej ◽  
Vladimir Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Introduction. Orthodontic treatment of dento-skeletal anomalies is generally based on the correction of teeth and jaws relationship, while it is expected that soft facial tissue spontaneously adapts to therapeutically achieved relationship and to accompany hard tissue changes. Objective. To establish facial soft tissue thickness conditioning by the presence of dento-skeletal anomalies. Methods. The study was performed at the Dental Clinic of Nis, and involved the analysis of cephalometric rendgenograms in 121 patients, aged 12-18 years, with no previous orthodontical treatment. According to dento-skeletal relationship between teeth and jaws the patients were divided into four groups; class I (control group), class II of division 1, class II of division 2 and class III. The standard analysis of dento-skeletal profile was done according to Steiner and soft tissue profile according to Burstone was done in all. Results. The patients of class II/1 had a significantly thinner upper lip (t=2.650; p<0.05) and thinner upper lip sulcus (t=1.999; p<0.05). The patients of class II/2 had a significantly thicker upper lip (t=2.912; p<0.01), while those of class III had a significantly thinner lower lip (t=3.900; p<0.001). Conclusion. The thickness of facial soft tissue considerably influences facial profile appearance in persons with a dento-skeletal anomaly. Not only do soft tissues adapt to the existing jaws relationship, but can also camouflage present anomalies.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Novel Soft-Tissue Landmarks on Three-Dimensional Human Facial Scan Images in Caucasian and Asian

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouxiao Li ◽  
Riccardo Enzo Giunta ◽  
Konstantin Frank ◽  
Thilo Ludwig Schenck ◽  
Konstantin Christoph Koban
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Surface Imaging ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Three-dimensional surface imaging is established in many disciplines for objective facial acquisition regarding anthropometry. Former studies addressed the validation of landmark-based measurements for single race. In order to distinguish racial difference, the reproducibility of the landmark measurements must first be validated. Objectives Our purpose is to validate the reproducibility of 46 facial soft-tissue landmarks on x, y, z axes to prove their reliability as 3D reference points. Methods The study included 80 European Caucasian and 80 Chinese volunteers. Standardized 3D surface imaging was performed using Vectra 3D system. Two raters identified and defined 46 landmarks (138 coordinates), then repeatedly 3D-imaged volunteers' facial region in separate sessions. Coordinates' reproducibility of landmarks is divided into three categories (< 0.5 mm, < 1 mm, and >1 mm) for intra- and inter-rater reproducibility assessments. Results Coordinates' reproducibility of 160 samples was distributed as follows: Intra-rater: < 0.5 mm (45%), < 1 mm (42%), >1 mm (13%); inter-rater: < 0.5 mm (31.2%), < 1 mm (42%), > 1 mm (26.8%). The reproducibility of landmarks in nasal tip region differs slightly between Caucasians and Asians. Compared to females, males typically have higher landmark reproducibility in lip and chin region. However, there were no differences in the reproducibility ranking of landmarks by gender. Conclusion The majority of the 46 landmarks in the 3D plane are reproducible to 1 mm, which is clinically acceptable. All selected landmarks showed strong consistency across race and gender, suggesting their potential use as reference points in prospective clinical practice. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Soft tissue facial profile in Class III malocclusion: long-term post-pubertal effects produced by the Face Mask Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Francesca Gazzani ◽  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Saveria Loberto ◽  
Roberta Lione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Facial Mask ◽  
The Face

SummaryObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyze soft tissue changes produced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy in growing Class III patients.MaterialsThe treated group consisted of 32 Caucasian patients (15 females and 17 males) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion treated with the Face Mask Protocol (FMP, rapid maxillary expander, facial mask, and removable lower bite-block). All patients were evaluated before treatment (T1; mean age, 8.4 years), at the end of active treatment (T2; mean age, 10.7 years), and at a post-pubertal follow-up observation (T3; mean age, 15.8 years). The treated group was compared with a matched control group of 20 untreated subjects (10 females and 10 males) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion. Statistical comparisons between two groups were performed with the independent samples t-test (P < 0.05).ResultsSignificant improvements were found during the long-term T1–T3 interval for profile facial angle (–5.8°), nasolabial angle (–4.4°), mandibular sulcus (–10.3°), upper lip protrusion (+0.7 mm), and lower lip protrusion (–1.1 mm) in the treated group. No significant post-pubertal effects were found in terms of lower face percentage between two groups.LimitationsThis study has a retrospective design and it used a historical control sample.ConclusionThe FMP induced positive effects on soft tissue facial profile with a good long-term post-pubertal stability.

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