scholarly journals Lip Dimensions of an Adult Nigerian Population with Normal Occlusion

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Ikenna Isiekwe ◽  
Oluranti Olatokunbo daCosta ◽  
Michael Chukwudi Isiekwe
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Female Values

ABSTRACT Introduction The soft tissue paradigm is placing greater emphasis on the importance of the soft tissue profile to orthodontic treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the lip dimensions of a Nigerian adult population; compare the male and female values and to compare the values obtained for Nigerians with those reported for other population. Methodology Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 100 students (44 males and 56 females) of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, aged 18 to 25 years were taken. Selected subjects were of Nigerian ancestry with normal occlusion and a harmonious facial appearance. The radiographs were manually traced and the upper and lower lip length and thickness of each subject was measured. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS, while the male and female values were compared using student's t-tests. Results Mean values for the lip dimensions were computed for the entire sample. Marked sexual dimorphism was observed with the males having thicker and longer upper and lower lips than the females. The Nigerian sample also had a longer upper lip and a thicker and shorter lower lip than that reported for Caucasians. However, both population had a similar upper lip thickness. Conclusion Cephalometric norms were developed for the lip dimensions of a Nigerian population. Marked sexual dimorphism was observed in the Nigerian population studied with the males having longer and thicker lips than the females. The lip dimensions of the Nigerian population studied differed from that reported for Caucasians and other racial groups. Clinical significance The lip dimensions established in this study would aid in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment planning for Nigerians. Furthermore, due to the marked sexual dimorphism observed in the Nigerian population studied, gender specific and not generalized norms should be used. How to cite this article Isiekwe GI, daCosta OO, Isiekwe MC. Lip Dimensions of an Adult Nigerian Population with Normal Occlusion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):188-193.

scholarly journals Soft tissue thickness of face profile conditioning by dento-skeletal anomalies

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Tatjana Tanic ◽  
Zorica Blazej ◽  
Vladimir Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Introduction. Orthodontic treatment of dento-skeletal anomalies is generally based on the correction of teeth and jaws relationship, while it is expected that soft facial tissue spontaneously adapts to therapeutically achieved relationship and to accompany hard tissue changes. Objective. To establish facial soft tissue thickness conditioning by the presence of dento-skeletal anomalies. Methods. The study was performed at the Dental Clinic of Nis, and involved the analysis of cephalometric rendgenograms in 121 patients, aged 12-18 years, with no previous orthodontical treatment. According to dento-skeletal relationship between teeth and jaws the patients were divided into four groups; class I (control group), class II of division 1, class II of division 2 and class III. The standard analysis of dento-skeletal profile was done according to Steiner and soft tissue profile according to Burstone was done in all. Results. The patients of class II/1 had a significantly thinner upper lip (t=2.650; p<0.05) and thinner upper lip sulcus (t=1.999; p<0.05). The patients of class II/2 had a significantly thicker upper lip (t=2.912; p<0.01), while those of class III had a significantly thinner lower lip (t=3.900; p<0.001). Conclusion. The thickness of facial soft tissue considerably influences facial profile appearance in persons with a dento-skeletal anomaly. Not only do soft tissues adapt to the existing jaws relationship, but can also camouflage present anomalies.

scholarly journals Validity of a Manual Soft Tissue Profile Prediction Method Following Mandibular Setback Osteotomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga - Elpis Kolokitha
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Mandibular Prognathism ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Mandibular Setback ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine the validity of a manual cephalometric method used for predicting the post-operative soft tissue profiles of patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery and compare it to a computerized cephalometric prediction method (Dentofacial Planner). Lateral cephalograms of 18 adults with mandibular prognathism taken at the end of presurgical orthodontics and approximately one year after surgery were used.Methods: To test the validity of the manual method the prediction tracings were compared to the actual post-operative tracings. The Dentofacial Planner software was used to develop the computerized post-surgical prediction tracings. Both manual and computerized prediction printouts were analyzed by using the cephalometric system PORDIOS. Statistical analysis was performed by means of t-test.Results: Comparison between manual prediction tracings and the actual post-operative profile showed that the manual method results in more convex soft tissue profiles; the upper lip was found in a more prominent position, upper lip thickness was increased and, the mandible and lower lip were found in a less posterior position than that of the actual profiles. Comparison between computerized and manual prediction methods showed that in the manual method upper lip thickness was increased, the upper lip was found in a more anterior position and the lower anterior facial height was increased as compared to the computerized prediction method.Conclusions: Cephalometric simulation of post-operative soft tissue profile following orthodonticsurgical management of mandibular prognathism imposes certain limitations related to the methods implied. However, both manual and computerized prediction methods remain a useful tool for patient communication. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:202-211)

Facial Profile Of Bataknese Based On Nose, Lips And Chin Proportions

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Bahirrah
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Lateral Cephalometry

Introduction: The success of orthodontic treatment is often associated with the improvement of facial appearance. Soft tissues of the nose, lips and chin are important factors in determining the beauty of the face. The aim of this study was to determine the facial profile of the Bataknese based on the proportion of soft tissue facial components such as nose, lips and chin. Materials and Methods: This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The samples of this research consists of 48 Batak tribe students in FKG USU Medan. This research was carried out by using 48 lateral cephalometry obtained from Batak tribe students who fit the inclusion criteria.Determination of soft tissue facial profile was carried out with Skinazi method. Results: The mean proportion results obtained from the soft tissue facial components of the nose was 64.41%, upper lip 13.79%, lower lip 14.80% and chin 6.86%. The results showed soft tissue facial profile obtained descriptively from the Bataknese were highest in nose proportion followed by lower lip, upper lip and the smallest were chin proportion. Large proportion of the nose and small proportion of chin showed that facial profile of the Bataknese were convex. The results of t- test and Mann Whitney analysis of nose, upper lip, lower lip and chin proportion showed there were no difference between male and female (p>0.05). Conclusion(s): The findings of this research showed that the soft tissue facial profile based on nose, lips and chin propotions in male and female from Batak tribe were convex.

scholarly journals Soft-tissue Cephalometric Norms of Kashmiri Population with Normal Occlusion and Well-balanced Faces

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
Sneh Kalgotra ◽  
Mohammad Mushtaq ◽  
Abhishek Khajuria
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
European American ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Kashmiri Population

Objective: To establish soft-tissue cephalometric norms of Kashmiri population and to compare them with European-American norms. Material and Methods: A total of 102 subjects falling in the age group of 19 to 25 years were selected from random and representative sample of 5317. Reference lines were traced according to the definitions given by Holdaway, Rickett, Steiners, Merrifield, and nasiolabial angle. Thirteen linear and 4 angular measurements were analyzed on the lateral cephalogram of the sample. Results: Significant differences were found between male and female subjects in measurements of the soft-tissue facial angle, upper lip thickness, upper lip strain, lower sulcus depth and soft-tissue chin thickness, and upper lip to S line and nasiolabial angle. Soft-tissue cephalometric norms of Kashmiri population that were measured in the present study when compared with the norms set by Holdaway’s parameters, Rickett’s E line, Merrifield Z angle, Steiner’s S line, and nasiolabial angle did not fall within the normal range. The facial angle was found to be greater by 1.36°, upper lip sulcus depth was greater by 0.53 mm, convexity at point A was greater by 2.43 mm, the H angle was greater by 5.64°, upper lip thickness and strain were greater by 2.30 and 2.36 mm, respectively, soft-tissue chin thickness was greater by 0.92 mm, upper lip to S line was greater by 0.60 mm, and lower lip was greater by 0.91 mm when compared with the standard European-American norms. Conclusion: According to the present study, the measured soft-tissue cephalometric norms for Kashmiri population differed from the standard norms. When planning orthodontics treatment, it should be kept in mind that the profile may not necessarily be orthognathic.

scholarly journals The applicability of centrographic analysis in pleasing craniofacial phenotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munish C. Reddy ◽  
Shivangi Gupta ◽  
Vaibhav Misra ◽  
Pradeep Raghav ◽  
Shishir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

Context There has always been a need for nonnumeric facial analyses that would not compare an individual’s facial measurements with the preestablished norms, rather evaluate the facial form individually. This would help in diagnosis and treatment planning, unique to that individual. Aims The purpose of the study was to determine and establish a relation between skeletal, dental and soft tissue structures using centrographic analysis (CGA) in pleasing faces of Western Uttar Pradesh population. Materials and Methods A total of 50 subjects (22 males and 28 females) with “most pleasing faces” were taken up for the study, within the age group of 20-25 years. Frontal facial photographs and lateral cephalograms were taken for all the subjects. Conventional cephalometric analysis and CGA were applied to each lateral cephalogram. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were calculated, and an independent t-test was performed for calculating cephalomorphic norms and comparison between the male and female sample. Results The results showed that, the adults in the age group of 20-25 years, belonging to the Western Uttar Pradesh population have protrusive maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases and retrusive upper lip on contrary to a protrusive lower lip, though a sexual dimorphism was observed. The upper centroid and lower centroid values were statistically greater in women (P = 0.05 and P = 0.04 respectively) whereas, upper lip linear value was statistically greater in men. Conclusions The CGA is valid for Western Uttar Pradesh population. The Western Uttar Pradesh adults have protrusive mandible and a retrusive upper lip though there exists a sexual dimorphism. These practical centrographic norms can be used as an adjunct to the conventional cephalometric evaluation of an individual for diagnosis and treatment planning.

scholarly journals Comparison of Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms between Turkish and European-American Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Arif Celebi ◽  
Enes Tan ◽  
Ibrahim Erhan Gelgor ◽  
Tugba Colak ◽  
Erdem Ayyildiz
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
European American ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
White People ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
American Patient ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the evaluation of the patient’s soft tissue profile. The main purpose of this study was to develop soft-tissue cephalometric standards for Turkish men and women and compare them with the cephalometric standards of normal European-American white people. The sample included 96 Turkish adults (48 women, 48 men), aged 20 to 27 years. Turkish subjects have increased facial convexity associated with retruded mandible, more obtuse lower face-throat angle, increased nasolabial angle and upper lip protrusion, deeper mentolabial sulcus, and smaller interlabial gap compared with European-American white people. It is appropriate to consider these differences during routine diagnosis and treatment planning of a Turkish patient or an American patient of European ancestry. Turkish males reveal more obtuse mandibular prognathism and upper lip protrusion, and smaller nasolabial angle than females.

scholarly journals Analysis of soft tissue facial profiles of Chinese students at W.R. Supratman 1 and 2 high schools in Medan using linear and angular measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Hilda Fitria Lubis ◽  
Maureen Olivia
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
School Students ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Chinese High School Students

Background: Soft tissue analysis is essential in treatment planning to ensure proportional, balanced, and harmonious soft tissue at the end of treatment. Several factors influence the variations, such as age and gender. Soft tissue profile analysis is usually studied from a lateral view. Purpose: The study aimed to determine whether there were differences in the average values of linear and angular measurement of the soft tissue profiles of the middle and lower third of the face between Chinese males and females high school students using lateral photometry. Methods: The samples were 100 lateral photographs (50 male and 50 female) of Chinese high school students at W.R. Supratman 1 and 2 in Medan. All samples were collected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained from secondary data. The linear and angular measurements were measured using Software Corel Draw 2019 and analysed statistically using an independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The inferior facial third, length of the lower lip, and prominence of the upper lip were, on average, greater in males, whereas in the prominence of pogonion, nasolabial angles, and nasofrontal angles were greater, on average, for females. Conclusion: There were significant gender differences in Chinese high school students in the inferior facial third, length of the lower lip, prominence of the upper lip, nasolabial angle, and nasofrontal angle, whereas there is no significant difference between genders in the prominence of the pogonion.

scholarly journals Analysis of soft tissue thickness in persons with malocclusions of class II division 1 and class II division 2

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Tatjana Tanic ◽  
Zorica Blazej ◽  
Vladimir Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Introduction. Different malocclusions indicate different thickness of facial soft tissue. Objective. The aim of the study was to establish the differences in the thickness of facial soft tissue profile in persons with dentoskeletal Class II/1 and II/2 relationship. Methods. In the study we used cephalometric rendgenograms profile analysis of 60 patients aged 12-18 years of the Dental Clinic in Nis who had not previously undergone orthodontical treatment. According to the dentoskeletal jaws relations the patients were divided into two groups with Class II division 1 and Class II class division 2. In all of them the standard dentoskeletal profile analysis by Steiner and soft tissue profile analysis by Burston was done. The obtained findings were statistically analyzed and the comparison between the studied groups was performed. Results. The results indicated the following: in the patients with Class II/1 relationship there was a significantly thinner upper lip (t=5.741; p<0.0001), thinner upper lip sulcus (t=3.858; p<0.001) and significantly thinner lower lip (t=2.009; p<0.05) in relation to the patients with Class II/2. Compensatory effect in the Class II/1 patients was more distinctive in females, as their soft tissue profiles were thicker. In Class II/2 patients this relationship was in favor of males. Conclusion. The facial soft tissue profile indicated significant differences in the thickness dependant on the type of malocclusion and gender. Because of their great variability and a significant participation in the formation of the profile, while planning orthodontic therapy, it is necessary to pay them full attention, with obligatory analysis of the dentoskeletal profile.

scholarly journals Growth changes in the soft tissue facial profile

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Ram Nanda ◽  
◽  
Hanspeter Meng ◽  
Sunil Kapila ◽  
Jolande Goorhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Size At Age

Longitudinal growth changes in the soft tissue profile of 40 caucasians between the ages of 7 and 18 were studied. The sample consisted of 17 males and 23 females who had Class I dentitions and balanced faces at age 7 and 18 years. None of the subjects received any orthodontic treatment. Cephalometric radiographs were available, as a rule, on a yearly basis. Soft tissue thickness, measured at the nose, upper lip, lower lip and chin, as well as the length of the upper and lower lip, all increased by varying amounts over the period of the study. Females acquired more growth as a percentage of their adult size (at age 18) than males in all variables except the angle of inclination of the skeletal chin which increased more in males. The largest increase in relative size was noted in the nose measurements. In males, the nose had not attained adult size even at age 18. Upper lip length growth, on the other hand, in both males and females was complete by the 15th year. The difference between male and female lip length growth was clinically significant; the average aggregate increase in upper and lower lips combined in males was 6.9 millimeters compared to 2.65 millimeters in females. The total gain in thickness at laberale superius was over four times as much in males as in females and continued to increase in males even at age 18. The change in thickness of the soft tissue at pogonion was not large, an average of 2.4 millimeters in males and 1.5 millimeters in females. The major contribution to the anterior growth of the chin was translatory, contributed largely by growth in the skeletal length from pogonion to pterygomaxillary plane.

scholarly journals Perubahan profil jaringan lunak bibir sebelum dan setelah perawatan ekspansi lengkung gigi menggunakan alat ortodonti lepasanChanges of the lip soft tissue profile before and after dental arch expansion treatment using removable orthodontic appliances

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Araminta Nariswari Candraningtyas ◽  
Iwa Rahmat Sunaryo ◽  
Avi Laviana
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Removable Orthodontic Appliances

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Penggunaan alat ortodonti lepasan dengan sekrup ekspansi bertujuan untuk memperoleh ruangan pada kasus gigi berjejal dengan cara melebarkan lengkung gigi. Pergerakan gigi yang dihasilkan dapat berpengaruh pada salah satu komponen estetika wajah yaitu profil jaringan lunak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi perubahan profil jaringan lunak bibir sebelum dan setelah  perawatan ekspansi lengkung gigi menggunakan alat ortodonti lepasan. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada subjek yang merupakan pasien ortodonti di Klinik Profesi Dokter Gigi RSGM Unpad yang dirawat menggunakan alat lepasan akrilik dengan sekrup ekspansi lateral maksila dan mandibula. Terdapat 4 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu sepuluh kali aktivasi yang dilakukan setiap minggu dalam waktu tiga bulan.  Subjek dilakukan foto lateral wajah dengan posisi standar sebelum dan setelah aktivasi. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan jangka sorong digital dari bibir atas (Ls) terhadap E-line (Ns-Pog), bibir bawah (Li) terhadap E-line (Ns-Pog), dan busur derajat digital untuk mengukur sudut nasolabial(Ns-Sn-Ls). Hasil dan Pembahasan: Nilai rerata perubahan jarak bibir atas terhadap E-line yaitu 0,59 mm, nilai rerata perubahan jarak bibir bawah terhadap E-line yaitu 0,63 mm dan nilai rerata perubahan sudut nasolabial yaitu -2,03o. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan posisi bibir  menjadi lebih ke anterior setelah dilakukan aktivasi sekrup ekspansi lateral rahang atas dan rahang bawah sebanyak 10 kali. Simpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yaitu  posisi bibir atas dan bibir bawah yang menjadi lebih ke anterior dan tidak terdapat perbedaan pada sudut nasolabial setelah dilakukan 10 kali aktivasi sekrup ekspansi lateral pada alat ortodonti lepasan.Kata kunci: perbedaan profil jaringan lunak; alat ortodonti lepasan; ekspansi lengkung gigi; sekrup ekspansi. ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of removable orthodontic appliance with expansion screws aim to gain a space in crowding teeth by expanding the dental arch. The resulting tooth movement can affect one of the aesthetic components of the face, the  soft tissue profile. The aim of this study to evaluate the change of lip soft tissue profile before and after treatment of dental arch expansion using removable orthodontic appliance. Method: The research method used is descriptive analysis and purposive sampling in patients of Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Padjadjaran’s Orthodontic Clinic treated by using removable appliance with lateral expansion screw in maxilla and mandible. There are 4 patients who meet the inclusion, namely the srew is activated 10 times, once every week in 3 months. Subjects photographed in lateral position before and after activation. Measurement is done by using a calipers from upper lip to E-line, lower lip to E-line, and nasolabial angle using a digital protractor. Results and Discussion: The average of the changes in upper lip to E-line distance are 0,59 mm, the average of the changes in lower lip to E-line distance are 0,63 mm, and the average of the changes in nasolabial angle are -2,03o . This study showed a lip position that became more anterior after 10 times the activation of the maxillary and mandibular expansion screws. Conclusions: The results showed a difference in the position of the upper lip and lower lip which became more anterior and there is no difference in nasolabial angle after 10 times the activation of lateral screws in removable appliances.Keywords: soft tissue profile differences; removable orthodontic appliances; dental arch expansion;  expansion screws.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document