A 28-Year Follow-Up of Adults With a History of Moderate Phonological Disorder

The present investigation is a follow-up to a longitudinal speech and academic study involving approximately 400 normally developing children begun in 1960 by Mildred Templin. From this large data base, the present project invited the participation of two groups of subjects (now aged 32 to 34): (a) 24 adults with a documented history of moderately severe phonological disorder that persisted at least through the end of first grade (probands) and (b) 28 adults from the same birth cohort and schools who were known to have had at least average articulation skills over the same period (controls). Results of follow-up testing revealed that the proband adults performed significantly more poorly than the control adults on all of the administered measures of articulation, expressive language, and receptive language. Results obtained from a screening of nonverbal reasoning ability were equivocal. On a questionnaire measure of personality, both groups scored well within the normal range for the dimensions of extroversion and neuroticism when compared to the test’s normative sample. These results have been interpreted as suggesting that although many adults with a childhood history of delayed phonological development will continue to experience linguistic outcomes that are less favorable than those of controls, their performance in selected nonlanguage domains (e.g., nonverbal reasoning, personality) will be far more typical of the general population.

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Communication and Socialization Skills at Ages 2 and 3 in “Late-Talking” Young Children

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3404.858 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 858-865 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Rhea Paul ◽

Shawn Spangle Looney ◽

Pamela S. Dahm

Keyword(s):

Expressive Language ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales ◽

Normal Children ◽

Expressive Communication ◽

Late Talkers ◽

History Of ◽

Expressive Language Development ◽

Socialization Skills

Twenty-one apparently normal children between 18 and 34 months of age with slow expressive language acquisition were compared to a group of normally speaking children matched for age, SES, and sex ratio, on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984) The late talkers (LTs) scored significantly lower not only in expressive communication, but also in receptive communication and socialization. A follow-up study of the same subjects, seen at age 3, showed nearly half the 3-year-olds with a history of LT remained delayed in expressive communication and socialization, while one third remained behind in receptive language. The data suggest that social skills are particularly vulnerable to disruption in children with late expressive language development, even after communication skills have moved into the normal range. They suggest, further, that receptive deficits do not seem, in themselves, to increase the risk of continued language delay Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Severe Symptomatic Hypocalcemia from HIV Related Hypoparathyroidism

Case Reports in Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2018/8270936 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sartaj Sandhu ◽

Akshata Desai ◽

Manav Batra ◽

Robin Girdhar ◽

Kaushik Chatterjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Neck Surgery ◽

Normal Range ◽

Calcium Sensing ◽

Symptomatic Hypocalcemia ◽

History Of ◽

Inhaled Budesonide ◽

Lost To Follow Up

We report the case of a 54-year-old Caucasian female who presented with a two-year history of persistent hypocalcemia requiring multiple hospitalizations. Her medical history was significant for HIV diagnosed four years ago. She denied any history of prior neck surgery or radiation. Her vital signs were stable with an unremarkable physical exam. Pertinent medications included calcium carbonate, vitamin D3, calcitriol, efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil, hydrochlorothiazide, and inhaled budesonide/formoterol. Laboratory testing showed total calcium of 5.7 mg/dL (normal range: 8.4-10.2 mg/dL), ionized calcium of 2.7 mg/dL (normal range: 4.5-5.5 mg/dL), serum phosphate of 6.3 mg/dL (normal range: 2.7-4.5 mg/dL), and intact PTH of 7.6 pg/mL (normal range: 15-65 pg/mL). She was diagnosed with primary hypoparathyroidism. Anti-calcium-sensing receptor antibodies and NALP5 antibodies were tested and found to be negative. During subsequent clinic visits, doses of calcium supplements and calcitriol were titrated. Last corrected serum calcium level was 9.18 mg/dL. She was subsequently lost to follow-up. This case gives insight into severe symptomatic hypocalcemia from primary hypoparathyroidism attributed to HIV infection. We suggest that calcium levels should be closely monitored in patients with HIV infection.

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Familial Aggregation of Phonological Disorders: Results From a 28-Year Follow-Up

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3805.1091 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 1091-1107 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Susan Felsenfeld ◽

Matt McGue ◽

Patricia A. Broen

Keyword(s):

Language Disorder ◽

Familial Aggregation ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

First Grade ◽

Educational Outcome ◽

Degree Relative ◽

Phonological Processes ◽

Phonological Disorders ◽

History Of

This investigation is a follow-up to a longitudinal speech and educational outcome study involving approximately 400 normally developing children that was initiated in 1960. From this database, two groups of subjects (now aged 32–34), their spouses, and all of their offspring over the age of 3:0 (years:months) completed a battery of cognitive-linguistic and interview measures. One group (probands) consisted of 24 adults with a documented history of a moderate phonological-language disorder that persisted through at least the end of the first grade. The other group (controls) consisted of 28 adults who were known to have had normal articulation abilities as children. Results of this study demonstrated that, in comparison to the children of controls, the children of the proband subjects performed significantly more poorly on all tests of articulation and expressive language functioning and were significantly more likely to have received articulation treatment. There was, however, no evidence that specific misarticulations or phonological processes traveled within proband families. These results are in agreement with those of most previous family studies that have demonstrated an increased rate of occurrence of speech-language disorders of unknown origin in families including a first-degree relative who is similarly affected.

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Anxiety and Life Events in Childhood Migraine

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.79.6.999 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 999-1004

Author(s):

Pamela J. Cooper ◽

Harry N. Bawden ◽

Peter R. Camfield ◽

Carol S. Camfield

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Normal Range ◽

Best Friends ◽

Childhood Migraine ◽

Headache Severity ◽

History Of

The assumption that anxiety and stressful life events are major precipitants of childhood migraine was examined by comparing a group of children referred for evaluation of headaches with their headache-free best friends. Before assessment, 39 children (average age 11 years, 20 girls) and their parents completed standard anxiety, personality, and life events scales. The same scales were administered to the control children and their parents. All subjects met Prensky's criteria for migraine, and all reviewed an audiovisual program on migraine and were given the same instruction about analgesic medications. History of headache averaged 35 months (1 to 132 months). No statistically significant differences were found between patients and controls or between the two groups of parents on any of the anxiety or life events scales. Children's anxiety scores were not related to parents' anxiety scores. Personality profiles of patients were similar to controls. Headache diaries were used to assess headache severity and frequency during a 4-month follow-up period. Although all patients had anxiety scores within the normal range, those with higher self-rated anxiety scores at initial assessment had significantly more frequent and severe headaches during the follow-up period (P < .001). We conclude that children with migraines are not more anxious or stressed than their friends. Normal amounts of stress and anxiety appear to lead to the expression of migraine; however, more anxious children with migraines have more frequent and severe headaches.

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Longitudinal association between myopia and parental myopia and outdoor time among students in Wenzhou: a 2.5-year longitudinal cohort study

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-020-01763-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dandan Jiang ◽

Haishuang Lin ◽

Chunchun Li ◽

Linjie Liu ◽

Haishao Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Factor ◽

First Grade ◽

Myopia Progression ◽

Work Activity ◽

Longitudinal Association ◽

History Of ◽

High Level ◽

Near Work ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background To evaluate the impact of parental myopia and outdoor time on myopia among students in Wenzhou. Methods We examined 1388 primary students from first grade to third grade in Wenzhou from September 2012 to March 2015. We performed noncycloplegic refractometry on each student every six months and axial length (AL) measurements every year. At the commencement of our study, children were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding near work activity and outdoor activity, whereas parents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding their background circumstances and their history of myopia. Results A total of 1294 students (93.2%) returned for follow-up examinations. Children with initial and final no myopia spent more time on outdoor activities than those with new onset myopia (1.92 vs. 1.81 h/d, p = 0.022), and elongation of AL in children with a high level (> 2.5 h/day) of outdoor time (0.22 ± 0.13 mm/Y) was less than those with a low level (≤ 1.5 h/day) of outdoor time (0.24 ± 0.14 mm/Y, p = 0.045). The proportion of rapid myopia progression (≤-0.5D/Y) was 16.7%, 20.2% and 31.5% among the children with no myopic parent, one myopic parent and two myopic parents, respectively (X2 = 28.076, p < 0.001), and the elongation of AL in children among different numbers of myopic parents was significantly different (p < 0.001). A high level of outdoor time was a protective factor for children with one myopic parent (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27–0.88; p = 0.018). Conclusions In this sample, parental myopia and outdoor time were associated with myopia in children. A high level of outdoor time was a protective factor for children with one myopic parent.

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Androgen Secreting Steroid Cell Tumor of the Ovary Represented with Postmenopasal Bleeding and Extensive Hirsutism

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2013.019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 93-98

Author(s):

Jadranka Georgievska ◽

Vesna Antovska ◽

Neli Basheska ◽

Natasha Aleksioska

Keyword(s):

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽

Normal Range ◽

Ovarian Steroid ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Steroid Cell Tumor ◽

History Of

Introduction: Steroid cell tumors of the ovary present less than 0.1% of all ovarian tumors and belong in the group of sex cord-stromal tumors.Case description: We present a case of 69-year-old woman investigated because of postmenopausal bleeding, a 5-year history of excessive hirsutism, baldness and acne. The evaluation revealed elevated serum testosterone, but ultrasound detected a 2 cm-mass of the left ovary. The patient underwent hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy. The histopathology diagnosis was steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered at the discretion of the radio-oncologist. At the last follow-up 48 months after surgery, the hirsutism was completely resolved, the serum testosterone was within the normal range and there was no evidence of recurrence.Conclusion: In adult patients with hirsutism and elevated serum testosterone a possibility of a presence of an ovarian steroid cell tumor should be considered. Surgery is the main treatment of such patients.

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Early Childhood Education, Child Development and School Readiness: Evidence from Zambia

South African Journal of Childhood Education ◽

10.4102/sajce.v2i2.15 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stephanie Simmons Zuilkowski ◽

Gunther Fink ◽

Corrina Moucheraud ◽

Beatrice Matafwali

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Education ◽

Child Development ◽

First Grade ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Task Orientation ◽

Childhood Education

While early childhood education has received increasing attention in the developing world in recent years, relatively little evidence is available from sub-Saharan Africa on its effects on child development and subsequent school enrolment. We use a prospective case-control design to evaluate the developmental impact of a community-based early childhood center in an urban area in Zambia. Comparing 40 children attending the center to 40 children not attending the center from the same community, we find that center attendance was associated with significantly better performance in an assessment of task orientation, and was also weakly associated with increased letter familiarity. We also observed higher performance among center students on tests of receptive language and pencil-related fine motor skills. These associations were, however, smaller and not statistically significant. We conducted a follow-up one year after the initial assessment, when children were seven years old and should have been in first grade. At follow-up, 27% of non-attendees were not yet enrolled in primary school, compared to just 11% of center students, suggesting that participation in early education encourages a timely transition into first grade.

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Idiopathic precocious puberty in girls: Long-term effects on adolescent behavior

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.112s247 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽

pp. S247-S253 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

ANKE A. EHRHARDT ◽

HEINO F.L. MEYER-BAHLBURG

Keyword(s):

Precocious Puberty ◽

Spatial Perception ◽

School Achievement ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Normal Range ◽

Cognitive Pattern ◽

History Of ◽

Psychiatric Sequelae

ABSTRACT Precocious puberty in girls has endocrinological as well as behavioral implications. We present data from a first systematic controlled follow-up study of 16 adolescent girls with a history of idiopathic precocious puberty (IPP) compared to closely pairmatched adolescent control subjects of comparable pubertal status and normal pubertal history. Findings in four areas of behavior are reported: (1) Psychiatric sequelae: the IPP sample showed an increase in minor psychopathological symptoms. (2) Psychosexual development: The IPP sample was advanced in sociosexual milestones, albeit mostly within the normal range for adolescents. (3) Intelligence: IQ was not different from controls. However, school achievement was accelerated during childhood. (4) Cognitive pattern: The IPP sample had lower spatial perception scores than controls.

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A 28-Year Follow-Up of Adults With a History of Moderate Phonological Disorder

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3706.1341 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1341-1353 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Susan Felsenfeld ◽

Patricia A. Broen ◽

Matt McGue

Keyword(s):

Employment Status ◽

Formal Education ◽

Language Disorder ◽

First Grade ◽

Occupational Outcomes ◽

Control Subjects ◽

History Of ◽

School Careers ◽

Academic Services

The present investigation is a follow-up to a longitudinal study involving approximately 400 normally developing children begun in 1960. From this large database, two groups of subjects (now aged 32–34) were asked to participate in the present project: (a) a group of 24 adults with a documented history of a moderate phonological/language disorder that persisted through at least the end of first grade (probands), and (b) a group of 28 adults from the same birth cohort and schools who were known to have had at least average articulation skills over the same period (controls). As part of a larger project, these adults were interviewed about their educational and occupational accomplishments and those of their siblings. Results revealed that, in comparison to control subjects, the proband adults reported that they had received lower grades in high school, required more remedial academic services throughout their school careers, and completed fewer years of formal education. Occupationally, although the groups did not differ in employment status, the proband subjects tended to occupy jobs considered semiskilled or unskilled with a much greater frequency than both the control subjects and their gender-matched siblings. When asked to indicate general satisfaction with educational and occupational outcomes, however, subjects in both groups tended to rate themselves as either “very” or “fairly” satisfied.

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