Immune response to murine cell lines of glial origin transplanted into the central nervous system of adult mice

Abstract Background Glioma is the most common and fatal type of nerve neoplasm in the central nervous system. Several biomarkers have been considered for prognosis prediction, which is not accurate enough. We aimed to carry out a gene signature related to the expression of immune checkpoints which was enough for its performance in prediction. Methods Gene expression of immune checkpoints in TGGA database was filtrated. The 5 selected genes underwent verification by COX and Lasso-COX regression. Next, the selected genes were included to build a novel signature for further analysis. Results Patients were sub-grouped into high and low risk according to the novel signature. Immune response, clinicopathologic characters, and survival showed significant differences between those 2 groups. Terms including “naive,” “effector,” and “IL-4” were screened out by GSEA. The results showed strong relevance between the signature and immune response. Conclusions We constructed a gene signature with 5 immune checkpoints. The signature predicted survival effectively. The novel signature performed more functional than previous biomarkers.

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Immune response induction in the central nervous system

Frontiers in Bioscience ◽

10.2741/a786 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. d427-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Trevor Owens

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Immune Response ◽

Nervous System ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Tuberin levels during cellular differentiation in brain development

10.1101/2021.10.17.464725 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bashaer Abu Khatir ◽

Gordon Omar Davis ◽

Mariam Sameem ◽

Rutu Patel ◽

Jackie Fong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Brain Development ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Neural Development ◽

Time Course ◽

Embryonic Mouse ◽

Organ Systems ◽

The Central Nervous System

Tuberin is a member of a large protein complex, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, and acts as a sensor for nutrient status regulating protein synthesis and cell cycle progression. Mutations in the Tuberin gene, TSC2, lead to the formation of tumors and developmental defects in many organ systems, including the central nervous system. Tuberin is expressed in the brain throughout development and levels of Tuberin have been found to decrease during neuronal differentiation in cell lines in vitro. Our current work investigates the levels of Tuberin at two stages of embryonic development in vivo, and we study the mRNA and protein levels during a time course using immortalized cell lines in vitro. Our results show that Tuberin levels remain stable in the olfactory bulb but decrease in the Purkinje cell layer during embryonic mouse brain development. We show here that Tuberin levels are higher when cells are cultured as neurospheres, and knockdown of Tuberin results in a reduction in the number of neurospheres. These data provide support for the hypothesis that Tuberin is an important regulator of stemness and the reduction of Tuberin levels might support functional differentiation in the central nervous system. Understanding how Tuberin expression is regulated throughout neural development is essential to fully comprehend the role of this protein in several developmental and neural pathologies.

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The Role of Mast Cells in Stroke

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8050437 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 437 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Edoardo Parrella ◽

Vanessa Porrini ◽

Marina Benarese ◽

Marina Pizzi

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Immune Response ◽

Nervous System ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Brain Edema ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Adult Brain ◽

The Central Nervous System

Mast cells (MCs) are densely granulated perivascular resident cells of hematopoietic origin. Through the release of preformed mediators stored in their granules and newly synthesized molecules, they are able to initiate, modulate, and prolong the immune response upon activation. Their presence in the central nervous system (CNS) has been documented for more than a century. Over the years, MCs have been associated with various neuroinflammatory conditions of CNS, including stroke. They can exacerbate CNS damage in models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke by amplifying the inflammatory responses and promoting brain–blood barrier disruption, brain edema, extravasation, and hemorrhage. Here, we review the role of these peculiar cells in the pathophysiology of stroke, in both immature and adult brain. Further, we discuss the role of MCs as potential targets for the treatment of stroke and the compounds potentially active as MCs modulators.

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Host T Cells Are the Main Producers of IL-17 within the Central Nervous System during Initiation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Induced by Adoptive Transfer of Th1 Cell Lines

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.8066 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 180 (12) ◽

pp. 8066-8072 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Jason R. Lees ◽

Yoichiro Iwakura ◽

John H. Russell

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

T Cells ◽

Nervous System ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Adoptive Transfer ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Th1 Cell ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

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Role of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease

Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1186/s10020-019-0126-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alejandro Quintero-Villegas ◽

Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Immune Response ◽

Nervous System ◽

Immune System ◽

Blood Platelets ◽

Pain Tolerance ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Health And Disease

AbstractIn mammalians, serotonin (5-HT) has critical roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including mood stability, pain tolerance, or sleep patterns. However, the vast majority of serotonin is produced by intestinal enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract and circulating blood platelets, also acting outside of the CNS. Serotonin effects are mediated through its interaction with 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs), a superfamily with a repertoire of at least fourteen well-characterized members. 5-HT7 receptors are the last 5-HTR member to be identified, with well-defined functions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and vascular systems. The effects of serotonin on the immune response are less well understood. Mast cells are known to produce serotonin, while T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and microglia express 5-HT7 receptor. Here, we review the known roles of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system, as well as their potential therapeutic implication in inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders.

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