The relationship between attendance at birth and maternal mortality rates: an exploration of United Nations’ data sets including the ratios of physicians and nurses to population, GNP per capita and female literacy

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane J.A. Robinson ◽  
Heather Wharrad
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Female Literacy ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Government Revenue and Child and Maternal Mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hall ◽  
Janine Illian ◽  
Innocent Makuta ◽  
Kyle McNabb ◽  
Stuart Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Most maternal and child deaths result from inadequate access to the critical determinants of health: clean water, sanitation, education and healthcare, which are also among the Sustainable Development Goals. Reasons for poor access include insufficient government revenue for essential public services. In this paper, we predict the reductions in mortality rates — both child and maternal — that could result from increases in government revenue, using panel data from 191 countries and a two-way fixed-effect linear regression model. The relationship between government revenue per capita and mortality rates is highly non-linear, and the best form of non-linearity we have found is a version of an inverse function. This implies that countries with small per-capita government revenues have a better scope for reducing mortality rates. However, as per-capita revenue rises, the possible gains decline rapidly in a non-linear way. We present the results which show the potential decrease in mortality and lives saved for each of the 191 countries if government revenue increases. For example, a 10% increase in per-capita government revenue in Afghanistan in 2002 ($24.49 million) is associated with a reduction in the under-5 mortality rate by 12.35 deaths per 1000 births and 13,094 lives saved. This increase is associated with a decrease in the maternal mortality ratio of 9.3 deaths per 100,000 live births and 99 maternal deaths averted. Increasing government revenue can directly impact mortality, especially in countries with low per- capita government revenues. The results presented in this study could be used for economic, social and governance reporting by multinational companies and for evidence-based policymaking and advocacy.

The Relationship Between Poverty and COVID-19 Infection and Case-Fatality Rates in Germany during the First Wave of the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ettensperger
Keyword(s):  
Job Training ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
District Level ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Training Variable ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between poverty and the infection and case-fatality rates of COVID-19 has emerged as a controversial but understudied topic. In previous studies and reports from the UK and US evidence emerged that poverty-related indicators had a significant statistical effect on case and mortality rates on district level. For Germany, it has largely been assumed that poverty is an equally relevant factor influencing the transmission rates of the outbreak. This was mostly due to anecdotal evidence from local outbreaks in meat processing plants and reported incidents of infection clusters in poorer city districts. This paper addresses the lack of statistical evidence and investigates thoroughly the link between poverty-related indicators and detected infection and mortality rates of the outbreak using multivariate, multilevel regression while also considering the urban-rural divide of the country. As proxies for poverty the unemployment rate, the per capita presence of general practitioners (physicians), per capita GDP, and the rate of employees with no professional job training is evaluated in relation to the accumulated case and mortality numbers on district level taken from RKI data of June and July 2020. Interestingly, the study finds no general evidence for a poverty-related effect on mortality for German districts during the first wave in the first half of 2020. Furthermore, only employment in low qualification jobs approximated by the job training variable consistently affected case numbers in urban districts in the expected direction.

scholarly journals Healing the Wounds of War: Reducing Maternal Mortality in Darfur

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p24
Author(s):  
Zurab Elzarov
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
African Union ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

Reducing maternal mortality rates in Darfur remains one of the major challenges to the healthcare system in Darfur owing to the on-going conflict, displacement of large number of population, poor transportation networks, destruction of primary healthcare facilities and the lack of solid mechanism to train village midwives. Under these circumstances, the United Nations—African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) continues to invest in reducing the maternal and child mortality rates in Darfur by mobilizing the existing resources and advocating for availability of all services that are directed towards improving the maternal health in the region. The article highlights the positive changes and significant impact that these interventions have had on reducing the maternal mortality rates in Darfur and saving lives of children.

scholarly journals Association between Cardiovascular Mortality and Economic Development: A Spatio-Temporal Study for Prefectures in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Augusto Baptista ◽  
Kaoru Kakinuma ◽  
Bernardo Lanza Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Health Planning ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Temporal Study ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Choropleth Map ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cvd Mortality

In this paper, we use a bivariate choropleth map to investigate the relationship between mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, by sex, in Japanese prefectures from 1996 to 2015. The overall results show a decline in age-standardized CVD mortality rates in all prefectures, for both men and women, and suggest that GDP per capita has varied over the period. We also observed that the relationship between CVD mortality rates and GDP per capita at the prefecture level does not have an overall pattern of the same or inverse association, but is instead a heterogeneous relationship. We argue that this study provides useful clues to policy makers for establishing effective measures for public health planning and the prevention of deaths from CVD. As demonstrated by this study, mapping of the CVD burden in Japan helps to clarify regional differences in life expectancy and health status across regions and identify prefectures where more targeted policy attention may be needed.

Birth Weight Associated With Lowest Neonatal Mortality: Infants of Adolescent and Adult Mothers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166
Author(s):  
Jane M. Rees ◽  
Sally A. Lederman ◽  
John L. Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
White Adolescents ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. We tested the hypothesis that survival is highest for infants born in the same weight range whether mothers are adolescent or adult, comparing the weights at which infants of these mothers achieve lowest neonatal mortality. Methods. The relationship between birth weight and neonatal mortality was studied in births to 16.4 million women using the National Center for Health Statistics 1983-1987 national linked birth/infant death data sets. Neonatal mortality rates were calculated for 500 g birth weight categories. Births for maternal ages ≤15 years, 16 years, and 17 to 18 years were compared with births to adults 19 to 34 years of age, whites and blacks considered separately. The birth weight categories associated with minimum neonatal mortality and the weight range corresponding with greatest survival were determined for each age and racial group. Results. Minimum neonatal mortality rates occurred at the same birth weights (3500 to 4499 g white and 3000 to 3999 g black) whether mothers of the infants were adolescents or adults. The most favorable range of birth weight, in which survival was greatest, commenced at 3000 g for all mothers, terminating at 3999 g for most black adolescents and black adults, 4499 g for most white adolescents, and 4999 g for white adults. Of infants born to mothers ≤16 years old, 33% were lighter and 1.5% were heavier than the favorable birth weight range. Conclusion. The birth weight categories with minimum neonatal mortality and the birth weight range in which neonatal survival was greatest were comparable for infants of adolescents and adults. Lower birth weights, occurring more frequently in births to teenage mothers, were associated with higher neonatal mortality. Assisting adolescent mothers to bear infants with birth weights in the range corresponding with low neonatal mortality is an appropriate goal of clinical management.

scholarly journals Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Percentage of Teenage Mothers and Youth Female Literacy Rate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miracle Adesina ◽  
Isaac Olufadewa ◽  
Ruth Oladele ◽  
Blessing Oladokun ◽  
Seyi Akinloye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Adolescent Literacy ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
African Region ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Maternal Mortality Rate ◽  
Female Literacy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundIn the past few years, maternal mortality rate has been a growing area of research interest in Africa. It is also noteworthy that teenage mothers are on the rise. This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between maternal mortality rate (MMR), the percentage of teenage mothers, and literacy rate among female adolescents in different regions of Africa.MethodSecondary data on maternal mortality rate, percentage of teenage mothers and youth female literacy rate, originally compiled by United Nations Population Division, was obtained from World Bank data and analyzed using a regression model. The average values were estimated for MMR and youth literacy and the relationship was determined for each region.ResultsThe West African region had the highest average maternal mortality rate while North Africa had the highest mean literacy rate and the highest mean teenage mother rate. A 10% rise in adolescent literacy rate was shown to reduce MMR across all regions, although the extent of reduction differed across each region. A reduction in MMR was observed as well in varying proportions, following a hypothetical 10% increase in youth literacy rate over some years.ConclusionThe study shows that low literacy rates were associated with child marriage which increases the risk of maternal mortality. Efforts need to be further intensified in improving the educational level of females in developing countries, especially African nations, in order to reduce maternal mortality in the region.

Underinvestment in Education: How Much Growth has Pakistan Foregone? (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 453-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Birdsall ◽  
David Ross ◽  
Richard Sabot
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Education Enrollment ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
East Asian Economies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Investments In Education

In this paper we address the following question: How great have been the costs to Pakistan, in tenns of income growth foregone over the last three decades, of relatively low investments in education, and especially in the education of girls? We use the results of an econometric analysis of the relationship between education and economic growth in a cross-section of countries to compare Pakistan's actual rate of growth and recent levels of output with what they might have been had Pakistan achieved education enrollment rates observed in three rapidly growing East Asian economies: Indonesia, Republic of Koreal and Malaysia. Our analysis suggests that foregone income growth has been large. For example, if female enrollment in primary school had been as high as male enrollment in 196~i.e. 46 percent instead of 13 percent, we estimate that Pakistan's 1985 per capita income would have been more than 15 percent greater than it was. (In 1960, male enrollment rates in primary school in Indonesia, Korea and Malaysia were 58,83 and 89 percent, respectively.) We recognise that education investments have social as well as economic benefits, e.g. the lower infant mortality rates of better-educated mothers, and that gains in income growth alone are a poor measure of overall development.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Korelasi Kanonikal Pada Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Angka Kematian Ibu Dan Bayi Di Provinsi Jawa Timur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Endang Yuswatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between maternal and infant mortality by influenced factors and the factors most closely associated with maternal and infant mortality rates in the province of East Java in 2012. This research uses canonical correlation method that aims to determine the relationship between two variables and identify the dimensions between two groups of variables. The results showed that the variable factors that affect maternal mortality and infant mortality has a strong positive correlation to variable maternal mortality and infant mortality rate. Highest impact of the independent variables for maternal mortality is pregnancy, postpartum maternal, neonatal visits, visiting the baby and toddler care was the infant mortality rate is the delivery by the shaman, neonatal visits and infant visits.;Keywords : canonical correlation, maternal mortality rates, infant mortality rates.

A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document