A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

scholarly journals Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Muthmaina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

Economic Development is a process of increasing total income and income per capita by contributing to population growth and fundamental changes in the economic structure of a country and income ranking for the population of a country. Indonesia's development should be for the development of Indonesia's human resources, so that the use of per capita income indicators is not only an indicator of the success of Indonesia's development. Regarding the matters in question above, the use of Human Development Indicators (HDI) becomes relevant.

scholarly journals Sinking in Premature Deindustrialisation or Revitalising Industrialisation? Nepal’s Prospective

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-70
Author(s):  
Madhav Prasad Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Journal

 Economies of the world in general evolve by transferring them from agriculture to manufacturing and then from manufacturing to services. Today’s most developed economies have experienced their deindustrialisation at higher level of per capita income. But developing countries have begun to fall in premature deindustrialisation at low level of per capita income which is not taken as a good sign for their overall economic development. This paper analyses the potentiality of premature deindustrialisation in the context of Nepal covering the data of the period 1975-2016. The issue of premature deindustrialisation is analysed in terms of the share of manufacturing output in the gross domestic product of the country and employment. There is evidence of premature deindustrialisation in Nepal. The paper argues that reindustrialisation is essential and possible in Nepal.  Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 23&24 No. 1-2, (2017) Combined Issue, Page : 35-70

The Livestock revolution/implications – an African view

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 243-244
Author(s):  
D. Miano Mwangi ◽  
A. Omore
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

The rapid increase in the production and consumption of livestock and livestock products fuelled by population growth, urbanisation and increase in average per capita income has come to be known as the livestock revolution (Delgado et al 1999). A rapid growth in per capita consumption of livestock products in developing countries over the last decade (FOASTAT, 2002)

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MAJOR INDIAN STATES

Paradigm ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
P.V. Rajeev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Different Parts

Infrastructure bottlenecks may impose severe constraints on the process of economic development in India. The pattern of infrastructure development has not been uniform in different parts of the country. In this paper an attempt is made to study the extent of disparities that exist in infrastructure development in major states in India. It has been found that States with higher per capita income are also the ones where better progress has been achieved in infrastructure development.

scholarly journals ZAKAT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: STUDY IN THREE MUSLIM COUNTRIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
An’im Kafabih ◽  
Setyo Tri Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Douglas Production Function

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of zakat on per capita income as one indicator of economic development. The data is analyzed by Cobb-Douglas production function and panel data analysis model. Study findings show that zakat significantly and positively affect on per capita income. This study also found that compared to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), most popular instrument of government to increase economic development, zakat has a greater coefficient. In addition, Muslims as a majority population on average unable to contribute significantly to economic development. However, they could contribute to zakat as seen from increase in amount of zakat collection.

Comparison of Socio Economic Development of Tarai and Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Dipak Duvey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita

The comparison of socio economic development of Tarai and Nepal is the comparison of development of total Nepal with its southern part Tarai. Socio economically southern belt of Nepal, Tarai is leading whole Nepal in development. There are not any significant impacts of conflicts of Tarai in one and half decade, in socio economic development of rural development of Tarai. The comparative study has selected timeline of 2004, 2011 and 2019 to collect and analyze the socioeconomic indicators based on data of Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS Data). It is the study of literacy rate, access to electricity, GDP Growth rate and Per capita income of Nepal and Tarai region in different point of time of conflicts and resiliencies. The literacy rate was 55%, 65%, and72% in Tarai and 49%, 60% and 69% in Nepal; access to electricity were 40%, 78% and 95% in Tarai and 37%, 65% and 96% in Nepal. Similarly, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth rate was 5%, 5% and 7.2% in Tarai and 4.7 %, 3.4%, and 7.1% in Nepal; Per capita income in USD was 300, 629 and 1100 in Tarai and 286, 610, and 1034 in Nepal from 2004, 2011, and 2019respectively. Therefore, Tarai is leading Nepal in socio economic development.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Okenwa Ogbodo ◽  
Chike Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect

The main objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of Tax Revenue on Economic Development with a focus on Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine; the effect of Companies’ Income Tax on Per Capita Income, Petroleum Profit Tax on Per Capita Incomeof Nigeria from 2000-2019. This study employed the use of time series data and Ex-post facto research design was adopted. Secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Statistical Bulletin, Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), World Bank Statistical Bulletin and Annual Abstract of Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Inferential statistics of the hypotheses were carried out with the aid of E-views 10 statistical software using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis, Granger Causality test. The study found that companies’ income tax has a significant positive effect on per capita income of Nigeria; petroleum profit tax has a significant positive effect on per capita income of Nigeria; It was recommended inter alia that federal government of Nigeria should underpin public financial management reforms, strengthen supervisory and transparency practices, improve tax administration, and fight tax evasion.

scholarly journals Eliminating Dependence on Foreign Aid— Some Policy Implications

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Capital Inflow ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Marginal Propensity ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Almost All

The domestic resources of the developing countries are usually too limited even to permit a steady maintenance of their per capita income. In their attempt to improve the level of their per capita income, such countries resort to the strategy of increasing their growth rate by relying on foreign resources. In an economy, where population is growing at the rate of 3 percent per annum, and saving capacity is less than 10 percent of the G.N.P., the chances of increasing the per capita income are very low. Capital inflow allows an economy to grow at a higher rate. It is expected that an increasing proportion of increased income will be saved so that the economy would be self-reliant after some years. How¬ever, most of the aid to the developing countries is in the form of loans, often on very unfavourable terms, with the result that the debt servicing problem becomes quite serious. The huge burden of debt servicing makes it rather difficult for the developing countries to attain self-reliance. Since a continuous aid inflow means a surrender of national sovereignty to some extent, almost all the developing countries want to eliminate their dependence on aid as soon as possible. To achieve this objective, many developing countries set a time period after which the capital inflow would hopefully be zero. If a time limit is to be set, then we must know the policies that a government will have to follow in order to eliminate aid flows. In particular, we need to know the maximum allowance for consumption out of the increase in national income. Similarly, if there is a limit to the marginal propensity to save, we must determine the period over which a country can realistically hope to do away with the aid.

A 'melanoma mortality belt' of ten U.S. states with the highest melanoma mortality rates.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21039-e21039
Author(s):  
Alan Geller ◽  
Juliana Berk-Krauss ◽  
David Polsky ◽  
Jennifer Stein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Melanoma Mortality

e21039 Background: To our knowledge, no study has looked at U.S. melanoma mortality trends by state. We sought to determine the ten states with the highest melanoma mortality rates (per white population) and those with the lowest, as well as any state-wide demographics that could account for these trends. Methods: State melanoma mortality rates were collected from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and National Program for Cancer Registries. Data on state characteristics were collectied from the Area Health Resource File (AHRF) and the US Census Bureau. We used a regression model to determine associations between melanoma mortality and the state demographic context, such as median income, per capita income, unemployment rate, education level, and rural versus nonrural. We also examined the effect of access to health care resources by looking at density of dermatologists, density of primary care providers, and total number of hospitals. Results: We identified ten states concentrated across the central United States with the highest melanoma mortality rates. Per capita income was the only significant association for melanoma mortality rates (p = 0.0016, 95% CI 6.88 to 18.09). Median income, unemployment rate, education level, rural versus non-rural, health professional density, and unemployment rate were not associated with melanoma mortality rates by state. Conclusions: There exists a ‘melanoma mortality belt’ across the central United States made up of the ten states with the highest melanoma mortality rates. This trend could not be consistently accounted for by state demographics, even socioeconomic status traditionally thought to correlate with mortality. Only one significant association was seen between melanoma mortality rate and per capita income. Our preliminary findings highlight the multifactorial picture of geographic melanoma mortality inequalities in the U.S.

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