Platelet Activation in Muscle Contraction Headache and Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Takeshima ◽  
Tokio Shimomura ◽  
Kazuro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Migraine Group ◽  
The Mean

In migraine, the role of platelets is regarded as an important factor. We investigated plasma beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in migraine patients and muscle contraction headache (MCH) patients during headache-free periods. The mean values of the plasma BTG, PF4, and 5-HT concentrations in the migraine group and the MCH group were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. The mean value of the plasma BTG concentration was significantly higher in the migraine group than in the MCH group, but the differences in the mean plasma PF4 and 5-HT concentrations between the two groups were not significant. Continuous platelet activation exists in both MCH patients and migraine patients. From the biochemical point of view, we have provided evidence for a similarity between migraine and MCH.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

Hyperaggregability Of Platelets In Cancer, Especially In Reference To Genesis Of DIC

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yamazaki ◽  
Y Yahara ◽  
T Motomiya ◽  
K Tanoue ◽  
I Isohisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Triggering Mechanism ◽  
Coagulation Abnormalities ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
The Mean

To clarify the role of platelets in the genesis of DIC in cancer, platelets of cancer patients with and without DIC were examined. Patients studied were 29 cases with cancer in stomach, 17 in lung, 7 in pancreas, 6 in liver (hepatoma), 6 in throat, nose and jaw, 2 in the gall bladder and bilary duct, 2 in uterus and 1 each in the small bowel, rectum and prostate, and 1 each with osteosarcoma, mesothelioma and chorionepithelioma. All patients were in stage 3 or 4. 105 healthy controls were also studied. They were evaluated on a scale of coagulation abnormalities, one point was given for each of the following criteria full-filled, and the score (0 to 4) was used. 1. Platelet count<150xl03Anl. 2. Prothrombin time prolonged more than 1 sec over control and/or activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged more than 10 sec over control. 3. Fibrinogen<250 mg/dl (mean fibrinogen value of the cancer patients minus 1 SD). 4. FDP>20 µg/ml. The patients were distributed with 27 % for score 0, 38 % for 1, 20 % for 2, 7 % for 3 and 8 % for 4. Degrees of abnormality in groups with scores of 3 and 4 were significant when compared to scores 0 and 1, but score 2 was not clearly distinguishable. Platelet mode volume in score 4 was smaller than the other groups. Platelet aggregation by adrenaline and ADP decreased in score 3 and 4, while it increased significantly in score 0 and 1 respectively (P<0.01 -0.05). The mean value of plasma β-TG in the cancer patients as a whole (44±24 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of control (22±13 ng/ml)(P<0.01). PF4 showed the same tendency. During the time course of the disease, hyperaggrega- bility of platelets associated with increases in β-TG and PF4 was observed before an appearance of DIC syndrome in several cases. The results suggest the existence of hyperfunction of platelets in cancer patients and the possibility of triggering mechanism of such activated platelets in the genesis of DIC in cancer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Dursun ◽  
Ayse Vural Ozec ◽  
Oznur Dogan ◽  
Feyza Gulac Dursun ◽  
Mustafa Ilker Toker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Glaucomatous Damage ◽  
Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glaucoma Group

Purpose. To compare the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and PEX glaucoma with the normal eyes of healthy controls.Materials and Methods. In this prospective study, 30 eyes of 30 patients with PEX syndrome, 28 eyes of 28 patients with PEX glaucoma, and 30 eyes of 30 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Choroidal thicknesses in the macular and peripapillary areas were measured by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.Results. Gender, age, and axial length did not significantly differ between the groups (all,p>0.05). The mean values of choroidal thickness in the macular and peripapillary areas (except the superior quadrant) in the patients with PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma were lower compared with controls (allp<0.05). The mean values of the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in the PEX glaucoma group were lower compared with PEX syndrome group; however this difference was not significant.Conclusions. The findings of this study revealed that macular and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were decreased in PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma cases. The role of choroid in the development of glaucomatous damage in patients with PEX syndrome remains unclear.

PRODUCTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS E AND Fα BY CORPORA LUTEA, CORPORA ALBICANTES AND STROMA FROM THE HUMAN OVARY

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. G. CHALLIS ◽  
A. A. CALDER ◽  
SUSAN DILLEY ◽  
CHRISTINE S. FORSTER ◽  
K. HILLIER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Stromal Tissue ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY This study has shown that corpora lutea, stromal tissue and corpora albicantes from human ovaries contain prostaglandin E (PGE) and PGFα, and that the two former tissues can synthesize these prostaglandins during incubation. Enhanced synthesis, especially of PGE, occurred on adding arachidonic acid to the incubation medium, and the presence of prostaglandin synthetase activity was conclusively demonstrated. In corpora lutea obtained during the early and mid-luteal phase, the mean concentrations of PGE and PGFα were 34·3 and 9·6 ng/g respectively (mean ratio PGE:PGFα = 3·7); similar values were found in three corpora lutea from women at 10–12 weeks of pregnancy. All these corpora lutea contained appreciable amounts of progesterone and oestradiol-17β. Prostaglandin levels were generally lower in corpora lutea obtained during the late luteal phase, although the PGE:PGFα ratio had increased to a mean value of 8·4. In corpora albicantes, the concentrations of both PGE and PGFα were significantly higher than the levels found in corpora lutea (P < 0·01), whilst the mean ratio of PGE:PGFα had fallen significantly to 1·8 (P < 0·01). Prostaglandin levels in stromal tissue varied considerably between individuals. The mean values were significantly lower than those of the corpora albicantes (P < 0·01) but not significantly different to corpora lutea at any stage. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible role of prostaglandins in ovarian steroidogenesis and corpus luteum regression in man.

The Values Of Platelet Factor 4 In Diabetic Patients Before And After The Isometric Exercise

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lučić ◽  
L Lepšanović ◽  
M Kulauzov ◽  
R Bukvić
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Platelet Factor 4 ◽  
Diabetic Microangiopathy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

In order to evaluate the level of platelet activation in patients with the high risk for developing the thromboembolic complications and influence of isometric exercise on this process, the estimations of platelet factor 4 (PF 4) by the radioimmunoassay have been done in 20 diabetic patients. The half of examined patients had the diabetic microangiopathy as well as macroangiopathy (subgroup A) and the other half (subgroup B) had no clinical sign of macroangipathy. The control group comprises 10 healthy volunteers. The estimations of PF 4 have been done at rest and af ter 2 minutes isometric exercise. The mean values of PF 4 in both subgroups at the rest were significantly elevated in relation to the values in control group (sbg A = 92,7 ng/ml, sbg B = 44,05 ng/ml and control 7,91 ng/ml). After the isometric exercise the mean values of PF 4 in diabetics have been moderately decreased (sbg A = 69,01 ng/ml, sbg B = 39,2 ng/ml), but increase in relation to mean values in control group (24,2 ng/ml). The results indicate the high degree of in vivo platelet activation in diabetic patients, especially in those with macroangiopathic changes. The isometric exercise in the mean time, did not effect the platelet release reaction in examined patients.

scholarly journals Observations of the Nonclassical Feature of Photon Bunching on a Beam Splitter using Coherent Photons along the Same Input Port

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangbae Kim ◽  
Byoung S. Ham
Keyword(s):  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Input Port ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quantum Phenomena

Abstract One of the most striking quantum phenomena is photon bunching resulting from coincidently impinging two-indistinguishable photons on a beam splitter (BS) from two different input ports. Such a nonclassical feature has also been observed even between two independent light sources through either coherence optics resulting in phase locking or post-selected measurements such as quantum beating-based gating. Recently, BS physics regarding quantum features has been discussed using pure coherence optics based on phase basis superposition of the BS. Here, we experimentally demonstrate coherent photon bunching on a BS, where coherent photons come from the same input port. Although the mean values of both output photons are uniform and equal to each other, the mean value of the coincidence measurements between two output photons results in the nonclassical feature of photon bunching at a 50% rate. For this unprecedented result, we discuss the origin of indistinguishability for this quantum feature using the wave nature of a photon to understand the role of a BS in quantum mechanics.

Long-term dynamics and destruction of marsh vegetation in the Kolokolkova Bay of the Barents Sea

2012 ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Lavrinenko ◽  
O. V. Lavrinenko ◽  
D. V. Dobrynin
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

The satellite images show that the area of marshes in the Kolokolkova bay was notstable during the period from 1973 up to 2011. Until 2010 it varied from 357 to 636 ha. After a severe storm happened on July 24–25, 2010 the total area of marshes was reduced up to 43–50 ha. The mean value of NDVI for studied marshes, reflecting the green biomass, varied from 0.13 to 0.32 before the storm in 2010, after the storm the NDVI decreased to 0.10, in 2011 — 0.03. A comparative analysis of species composition and structure of plant communities described in 2002 and 2011, allowed to evaluate the vegetation changes of marshes of the different topographic levels. They are fol­lowing: a total destruction of plant communities of the ass. Puccinellietum phryganodis and ass. Caricetum subspathaceae on low and middle marches; increasing role of halophytic species in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. typicum on middle marches; some changes in species composition and structure of plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. festucetosum rubrae on high marches and ass. Parnassio palustris–Salicetum reptantis in transition zone between marches and tundra without changes of their syntaxonomy; a death of moss cover in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum mackenziei var. Warnstorfia exannulata on brackish coastal bogs. The possible reasons of dramatic vegetation dynamics are discussed. The dating of the storm makes it possible to observe the directions and rates of the succession of marches vegetation.

A new simpler approach to measure the strength of toe plantar flexion requiring no mechanical restraint with a light-weight device

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110029
Author(s):  
Yuko Komuro ◽  
Yuji Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
The Mean

Conventionally, the strength of toe plantar flexion (STPF) is measured in a seated position, in which not only the target toe joints but also the knee and particularly ankle joints, are usually restrained. We have developed an approach for the measurement of STPF which does not involve restraint and considers the interactions of adjacent joints of the lower extremities. This study aimed to evaluate this new approach and comparing with the seated approach. A thin, light-weight, rigid plate was attached to the sole of the foot in order to immobilize the toe area. Participants were 13 healthy young women (mean age: 24 ± 4 years). For measurement of STPF with the new approach, participants were instructed to stand, raise the device-wearing leg slightly, plantar flex the ankle, and push the sensor sheet with the toes to exert STPF. The sensor sheet of the F-scan II system was inserted between the foot sole and the plate. For measurement with the seated approach, participants were instructed to sit and push the sensor with the toes. They were required to maintain the hip, knee, and ankle joints at 90°. The mean values of maximum STPF of the 13 participants obtained with each approach were compared. There was no significant difference in mean value of maximum STPF when the two approaches were compared (new: 59 ± 23 N, seated: 47 ± 33 N). The coefficient of variation of maximum STPF was smaller for data obtained with the new approach (new: 39%, seated: 70%). Our simple approach enables measurement of STPF without the need for the restraints that are required for the conventional seated approach. These results suggest that the new approach is a valid method for measurement of STPF.

scholarly journals Levels of Circulating TIMP-2 and MMP2-TIMP2 Complex Are Decreased in Squamous Cervical Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talvensaari-Mattila Anne ◽  
Turpeenniemi-Hujanen Taina
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Matrix Degradation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Natural Tissue ◽  
Squamous Cervical Carcinoma

Background. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) in matrix degradation and metastasis has been described in various tumors. Their action is inhibited by their natural tissue inhibitor molecules TIMP-1 and -2.Methods. The study population consisted of 12 squamous cervical carcinoma patients and 27 healthy volunteer control patients. MMP-9, MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were analyzed from serum samples using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).Results. The mean levels of serum TIMP-2 and of MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex were higher in healthy controls compared to patients with a malignant tumor. Serum TIMP-2 values decreased significantly from healthy controls (median 323 g/l, range 305–342 g/l) to malignant (median 136 g/l, range 120–151 g/l) squamous cervical carcinoma patients . Also, serum proMMP2-TIMP2 complex values decreased from control patients to squamous cervical carcinoma patients .Conclusion. This paper shows that the levels of circulating TIMP-2 and that of MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex are lower in squamous cervical carcinoma patients than in healthy women.

scholarly journals AB0101 THE IMPACT OF TIME SPAN TO ACHIEVE BOOLEAN REMISSION FOR MAINTAINING DISEASE ACTIVITY AFTER ACQUISITION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1079.1-1079
Author(s):  
I. Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Boolean remission criteria is one most popular and stringent criteria in treating patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), because it may guarantees a stable clinical course after attaining remission.Objectives:Impact of time span from initiation to achieving Boolean remission on maintaining disease activity, daily activities, and quality of life after attaining Boolean remission was investigated from daily clinical practice data.Methods:685 patients with RA since August 2010 under the T2T strategy were treated. They were monitored for their TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, CRP, and disease activity indices such as CDAI, SDAI, DAS28, and Boolean criteria at every visit. HAQ-DI score, pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS), and EQ-5D were also monitored, and the quality of life score (QOLS) calculated from EQ-5D was determined at every visit from the time of diagnosis (baseline).Of 685 patients, 465 patients had achieved Boolean remission >1 times, and were consecutively followed up for >3 years. These patients were enrolled in the study. Time span from the first visit to first Boolean remission was calculated. The relationship between the time span and each of background parameters, and the relationship between the time span and each of the mean values of the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at the first Boolean remission and thereafter was evaluated statistically.Patients were subsequently divided into the G ≤ 6 and G > 6 groups based on the achievement of first Boolean remission within two groups: time span G ≤ 6 months and G > 6 months. The two groups were compared with regard to the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at first visit and at the time of first Boolean remission, and the mean values of these parameters after remission were evaluated statistically. Moreover, changes of these parameters and the mean Boolean remission rate after the first remission, and SDAI remission rate at the first Boolean remission to thereafter were compared between the two groups statistically.Results:Out of 465 patients, females comprised 343 (73.7%), and the mean age was 67.8 years (range, from 21–95 years). The mean disease duration at first visit was 6.1 years (range, from 1 months–45 years). The mean follow up length was 88.1 months (range: 36–122 months; median: 85 months) and mean time span from the first visit to the first Boolean remission was 8.1 months. The mean SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, and the QOLS at first visit were 13.3, 0.467, 33.2, and 0.834, respectively. Among the study parameters, PS-VAS and QOLS were significantly correlated with the time span. For parameters at the first Boolean remission, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, and QOLS demonstrated significant correlation with the time span, whereas SDAI, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS after the Boolean remission demonstrated significant correlation with the time span.The comparison between the G ≤ 6 and the G > 6 groups revealed that the disease duration, HAQ score, and PS-VAS at baseline in the G > 6 were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, and QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group at baseline. Similarly, the HAQ score and PS-VAS at the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, whereas QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group demonstrated no significant difference compared with that in the G > 6 group.The mean value of the SDAI score after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group. Similarly, the SDAI score, HAQ score, and PS-VAS after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were also significantly higher than those in the G ≤ 6 group, and the mean value of the QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group. The Boolean remission rate and SDAI remission rate after the first Boolean remission were significantly higher in the G ≤ 6 group than those in the G > 6 group.Conclusion:Attaining Boolean remission ≤ 6 months for RA has significant benefit for more stable disease control, that leads good maintenance of ADL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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