Is Familial Hemiplegic Migraine a Hereditary form of Basilar Migraine?

Cephalalgia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Haan ◽  
GM Terwindt ◽  
RA Ophoff ◽  
PLJM Bos ◽  
RR Frants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Ihs Criteria ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

We studied aura symptoms in 83 patients from 6 unrelated families suffering from familial hemiplegic migraine. Fifty-five of the patients reported symptoms that allowed us to categorize them as basilar migraine (BM) patients, in accordance with the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. In a control group of 33 patients suffering from migraine with aura and 33 patients suffering from migraine without aura, 9 patients complained of vertigo, and only one patient of diplopia during one of her attacks. None of these control patients fulfilled the IHS criteria for BM We suggest that familial hemiplegic migraine and BM may share certain pathophysiologic mechanisms, which may consist of a (genetically determined) disturbance of basilar artery blood flow.

The Genetics of Migraine Without Aura and Migraine With Aura

Cephalalgia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bjørn Russell ◽  
Jes Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Progressive Ataxia ◽  
Reduced Penetrance ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Selection Of

Studies of twins, spouses and familial aggregation strongly suggest that migraine without aura (MO) and migraine with aura (MA) are genetically determined. The mode of inheritance is most likely multifactorial in both MO and MA. However, autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance cannot be excluded in either MO or MA. At present the only evidence for genetic heterogeneity of MA is familial hemiplegic migraine with slowly progressive ataxia. This phenomenon can also be explained by linkage of different genes. All existing studies have been characterized by one or more of the following methodologic shortcomings: selection of probands from clinic populations, information obtained by questionnaire, family history obtained through probands, insufficient description of the attacks, lack of distinction between MO and MA. Useful strategies for future studies of migraine genetics are discussed.

A single-fibre EMG Study of Neuromuscular Transmission in Migraine Patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Domitrz ◽  
A Kostera-Pruszczyk ◽  
H Kwieciñski
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Visual Aura ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Genetically Determined

It is known that mutations of CACNA1A, which encodes a neuronal P/Q Ca2+ channel, are present in patients with familial hemiplegic migraine, and possibly in other types of migraine as well. This calcium channel is also involved in neuromuscular transmission. To assess if the single-fibre EMG (SFEMG) method can demonstrate a neuromuscular transmission deficit in migraine, a group of 26 patients with different types of migraine and 20 healthy control subjects were studied. The migraine patients were divided into three groups: 8 patients with migraine without aura (MoA), 12 with migraine with aura excluding visual aura (MA) and 6 with visual aura (VA). A SFEMG of the voluntarily activated extensor digitorum communis muscle was performed. The SFEMG results were normal in the healthy controls and the MoA group (migraine without aura). Slight neuromuscular transmission disturbances were present in 6/12 (50%) of patients with MA and in 1/6 (17%) of patients with VA. We suggest that abnormal neuromuscular transmission detectable by SFEMG may reflect a genetically determined dysfunction of the P/Q Ca2+ channels in a subgroup of migraineurs with aura.

Migraine without aura and migrainous disorder in children; International Headache Society (IHS) and revised IHS criteria

Cephalalgia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cano ◽  
E Palomeras ◽  
S Alfonso ◽  
D Ortega ◽  
P Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Ihs Criteria

scholarly journals Smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitization causes hypercontractility of middle cerebral arteries in mice bearing the familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 associated mutation

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1570-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Staehr ◽  
Lise Hangaard ◽  
Elena V Bouzinova ◽  
Sukhan Kim ◽  
Rajkumar Rajanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Intracellular Ca

Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) is associated with inherited point-mutations in the Na,K-ATPase α2 isoform, including G301R mutation. We hypothesized that this mutation affects specific aspects of vascular function, and thus compared cerebral and systemic arteries from heterozygote mice bearing the G301R mutation (Atp1a2+/−G301R) with wild type (WT). Middle cerebral (MCA) and mesenteric small artery (MSA) function was compared in an isometric myograph. Cerebral blood flow was assessed with Laser speckle analysis. Intracellular Ca2+ and membrane potential were measured simultaneously. Protein expression was semi-quantified by immunohistochemistry. Protein phosphorylation was analysed by Western blot. MSA from Atp1a2+/−G301R and WT showed similar contractile responses. The Atp1a2+/−G301R MCA constricted stronger to U46619, endothelin and potassium compared to WT. This was associated with an increased depolarization, although the Ca2+ change was smaller than in WT. The enhanced constriction of Atp1a2+/−G301R MCA was associated with increased cSrc activation, stronger sensitization to [Ca2+]i and increased MYPT1 phosphorylation. These differences were abolished by cSrc inhibition. Atp1a2+/−G301R mice had reduced resting blood flow through MCA in comparison with WT mice . FHM2-associated mutation leads to elevated contractility of MCA due to sensitization of the contractile machinery to Ca2+, which is mediated via Na,K-ATPase/Src-kinase/MYPT1 signalling.

Central 5-Ht Receptor Hypersensitivity in Migraine Without Aura

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Cassidy ◽  
E Tomkins ◽  
T Dinan ◽  
O Hardiman ◽  
V O'Keane
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Daily Headache ◽  
Ihs Criteria ◽  
Neuroendocrine Challenge ◽  
Prolactin Response

Serotonin has long been implicated as a key neurotransmitter in migraine. There is a dearth of research specifically examining 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity in migraine despite the importance of this receptor in regulating central serotonergic tone. In this study we examined the hypothesis that migraine without aura is associated with hypersensitivity of central 5-HT1A receptors, using a 5-HT1A neuroendocrine challenge drug and comparing serum prolactin responses between a test group with migraine and a matched group of healthy controls. Twelve female subjects fulfilling International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for migraine without aura were evaluated. Following an overnight fast, subjects presented for testing at 9am. An intravenous canula was inserted and serum prolactin was assessed at baseline and every 30 min for 3 h following a single dose of 30 mg oral buspirone, a 5-HT1A-receptor agonist. Subjects were assessed during the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle. No subjects were taking psychotropic medication or migraine prophylactic treatment. Patients with current or previous psychiatric disorder, daily headache or analgesic overuse were excluded. 16 healthy female volunteers matched for age and menstrual status were also evaluated and served as controls. There was no difference in baseline prolactin between groups. There was a significant rise in prolactin following buspirone in both groups. Subjects with migraine had a significantly increased prolactin response to buspirone (delta max) compared to controls ( P < 0.001). This study supports the hypothesis that migraine without aura is associated with a relative hypersensitivity of central 5-HT1A receptors. This is of relevance given the role of the 5-HT1A receptor in controlling raphe 5-HT tone and in the possible association between migraine and anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals Effect of nitric oxide donors on uterine and sub-endometrial blood flow in patients with unexplained infertility: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Abdel Hafeez ◽  
Ashraf M. F. Kortam ◽  
Alaa M. A. Youssef ◽  
Ahmed Reda ◽  
Rehab M. Abdelrahman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Unexplained Infertility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Endometrial Blood Flow ◽  
Fertile Women

Background: Impaired sub-endometrial perfusion might reduce endometrial receptivity and possibly contribute to unexplained infertility. A favorable effect on sub-endometrial blood flow has been demonstrated with nitric oxide.Methods: This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of nitroglycerine on uterine and sub-endometrial blood flow in women with unexplained infertility. Sixty women were randomized into 2 equal groups. The study group received 5mg nitroglycerine patch daily from day 2 of the cycle till the evaluation day and the control group received no treatment. Independent of the study arms, 30 parous women were included as the fertile group. Six to eight days after detecting luteinizing hormone surge, women were assessed for endometrial thickness, uterine artery blood flow with color Doppler and sub-endometrial blood flow with three-dimensional power Doppler.Results: Compared to fertile women, cases with unexplained infertility (control group) had a significantly thinner endometrium, higher uterine artery Doppler indices and lower sub-endometrial blood flow. Women who received nitroglycerin showed a significant improvement in sub-endometrial blood flow while uterine artery blood flow did not show a significant difference; however, the values were also comparable to fertile women. In addition, no effect on endometrial thickness was found with nitroglycerin treatment. Nitroglycerin treatment side effects were headache, blurring of vision and hypotension. These adverse effects were not significant compared to controls.Conclusions: In women with unexplained infertility, nitroglycerin significantly improved the sub-endometrial blood flow but did not affect the endometrial thickness.

CACNA1A Gene Polymorphisms in Cluster Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Sjöstrand ◽  
V Giedratis ◽  
K Ekbom ◽  
E Waldenlind ◽  
J Hillert
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Headache Disorder ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Primary Headache Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ihs Criteria ◽  
Cacna1a Gene

Cluster headache (CH) is a primary headache disorder where the aetiological and pathophysiological mechanisms still are largely unknown. An increased risk of CH in first- and second-degree relatives suggests the importance of genetic factors. Mutations of the P/Q type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit (CACNA1A) gene on chromosome 19p13 have been shown to cause several neurological disorders with a wide clinical spectrum, mainly episodic diseases. Missence mutations of the gene cause familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) and it is also likely to be involved in the more common forms of migraine. The CACNA1A gene is thus a promising candidate gene for CH. In this study we performed an association analysis of an intragenic polymorphic (CA)n-repeat with marker D19S1150 and a (CAG)n-repeat in the 3′UTR region, in 75 patients with CH according to IHS criteria and 108 matched controls. Genotypes and allele frequencies were similarly distributed in patients and controls. Linkage disequilibrium between the two markers was similar in patients and controls. We conclude that an importance of the CACNA1A gene in sporadic CH is unlikely.

Chronic Post-Traumatic Headaches Classified and Compared with Natural Headaches

Cephalalgia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Haas
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chronic Tension Type Headache ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
And Control

This study sought to determine whether chronic post-traumatic headaches are different from or identical to the naturally occurring headaches. The chronic post-traumatic headaches of 48 patients were classified, as if they were natural headaches, by the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society. Thirty-six patients' headaches (75%) were chronic tension-type headache, 10 (21%) were migraine without aura, and 2 (4%) were unclassifiable. The characteristics and accompaniments of the headaches within each diagnostic group were then compared to those in a control group with natural headaches of the same type. No notable differences between the post-traumatic and control groups were found. Hence, chronic post-traumatic headaches have no special features, but are symptomatically identical to either chronic tension-type headache or migraine without aura (in this series of patients). This identity suggests that post-traumatic headaches are generated by the same processes causing the natural headaches, not by intracranial derangement from head blows or jolts.

scholarly journals Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Ophthalmic Artery Blood Parameters in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacı Koç ◽  
Faruk Kaya ◽  
Ümit İpeksoy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between ophthalmic artery blood flow parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes with pseudoexfoliation. MethodsThree comparisons were made in this study. In the first, eyes without glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation in any of the eyes were compared with the control group. In the second, eyes with pseudoexfoliation and without glaucoma were compared with those with pseudoexfoliation and glaucoma. In the third, cases with glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation were compared with the control group. Ophthalmic artery colour Doppler imaging measurements were performed in all patients. Also, peripapillary RNFL analysis was performed. ResultsA statistically significant difference was found between the total RNFL measurements according to group (p = 0.012; p < 0.05). From the paired comparisons, the total RNFL measurements from the control group were higher than the group without glaucoma (p = 0.010). No statistically significant difference was found between the total RNFL measurements of the other groups (p > 0.05). In the pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) group, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between total RNLF and Peak systolic velocity (PSV) (r = -0.743; p < 0.01). There was also a statistically significant negative correlation between total RNLF and End diastolic velocity (EDV) (r = -0.691; p < 0.01). There was no significant relationship between total RNLF and resistive index (RI) measurements (p > 0.05). ConclusionPseudoexfoliation syndrome(PXS) caused a decrease in the PSV and EDV values of ophthalmic artery blood flow parameters. Again, PXS caused a decrease in total RNFL, RNFL S, RNFL I and RNFL T thickness values.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Jianpi Huatan Dingxuan Decoction in the Treatment of Vertigo and Phlegm Obstruction Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02041
Author(s):  
Weifeng Zheng ◽  
Wentao Zhang ◽  
Yuqin Wang ◽  
Yinglin Cui
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Nursing Satisfaction ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of the application of Jianpi Huatan Dingxuan Decoction in the treatment of patients with vertigo and phlegm obstruction. Method: The research work was started in Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The work will be carried out from October 2019 to October 2020. The patients are all patients with vertigo and phlegm obstruction syndrome who received treatment during this period. 100 of them were selected as this time. The study subjects were randomly divided into two groups, the control group given conventional western medicine treatment and the experimental group given Jianpi Huatan Dingxuan Decoction. The treatment effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The treatment efficiency and nursing satisfaction of the experimental group were 96.00% and 94.00% respectively, which were significantly higher than the 82.00% and 78.00% of the control group. Before treatment, the vertebrobasilar blood flow velocity of the patients was relatively low, P>0.05. After the treatment intervention, the vertebral artery blood flow velocity and the basilar artery blood flow velocity of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The data differed greatly. P<0.05, the experimental group had better results. Conclusion: The application of Jianpi Huatan Dingxuan Decoction in the treatment of patients with vertigo and phlegm obstruction has a significant effect, which can promote the recovery of patients, improve the effective rate of clinical treatment, and has positive significance for clinical development.

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