Evidence-based development - applying safety engineering techniques to the progressive assurance and certification of complex systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J.J. Dick ◽  
S.C.B. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Safety Engineering

scholarly journals Care pathways are complex interventions in complex systems: New European Pathway Association framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Seys ◽  
M Panella ◽  
R VanZelm ◽  
W Sermeus ◽  
D Aeyels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Complex Intervention ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Care Pathways ◽  
Intervention Fidelity ◽  
Effectiveness Of Care ◽  
Internal Context ◽  
New Evidence

Care pathway implementation is characterised by a dual complexity. A care pathway itself represents a complex intervention with multiple interacting and interdependent intervention components and outcomes. The organisations in which care pathways are being implemented represent complex systems that need to be directed at change through an in-depth understanding of their external and internal context in which they are functioning in. This study sets out a new evidence-based and pragmatic framework that unpacks how intervention mechanisms, intervention fidelity and care context are converge and represent interacting processes that determine success or failure of the care pathway. We recommend researchers looking to increase the effectiveness of care pathway implementation and accelerate improvement of desired outcomes to adopt this framework from inception to implementation of the intervention.

scholarly journals Complexity, Complexity Reduction, and ‘Methodological Borrowing’ in Educational Inquiry

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Gough
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Complexity Reduction ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Educational Inquiry ◽  
Simple Systems ◽  
And Control

Complex systems are open, recursive, organic, nonlinear and emergent. Reconceptualizing curriculum, teaching and learning in complexivist terms foregrounds the unpredictable and generative qualities of educational processes, and invites educators to value that which is unexpected and/or beyond their control. Nevertheless, concepts associated with simple systems persist in contemporary discourses of educational inquiry, and continue to inform practices of complexity reduction through which researchers and other practitioners seek predictability and control. In this essay, I examine a number of theoretical, practical and historical dimensions of complexity reduction in education and their implications for inquiry and action. I focus in particular on the ways in which some education researchers have reduced the complexity of the objects of their inquiries through ‘methodological borrowings’ from other research endeavors, such as borrowing a version of ‘evidence-based’ research from medical science, and borrowing the ‘triangulation’ metaphor from surveying.

scholarly journals Dataset of evidence based instruction forms for human error reduction in complex systems

Data in Brief ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 105838
Author(s):  
Claudius Hammann ◽  
Christoph Krause ◽  
Anna Feldhütter
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Error Reduction ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Based Instruction

What is the value of hospital mortality indicators, and are there ways to do better?

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Barker ◽  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Anthony Morton
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Healthcare Reform ◽  
Public Reporting ◽  
Hospital Quality ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Standardised Mortality Ratio ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Monitoring hospital performance using patient safety indicators is one of the key components of healthcare reform in Australia. Mortality indicators, including the hospital standardised mortality ratio and deaths in low mortality diagnosis reference groups have been included in the core national hospital-based outcome indicator set recommended for local generation and review and public reporting. Although the face validity of mortality indicators such as these is high, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that there are concerns regarding their internal, construct and criterion validity. Use of indicators with poor validity has the consequence of potentially incorrectly classifying hospitals as performance outliers and expenditure of limited hospital staff time on activities which may provide no gain to hospital quality and safety and may in fact cause damage to morale. This paper reviews the limitations of current approaches to monitoring hospital quality and safety performance using mortality indicators. It is argued that there are better approaches to improving performance than monitoring with mortality indicators generated from hospital administrative data. These approaches include use of epidemiologically sound, clinically relevant data from clinical-quality registries, better systems of audit, evidence-based bundles, checklists, simulators and application of the science of complex systems. What is known about the topic? Public reporting of adverse events such as hospital standardised mortality ratios deaths in low mortality diagnosis reference groups is a key component of Australian healthcare reform. There is much debate in Australia and internationally concerning the appropriateness of this approach. What does the paper add? We extend the current literature and debate by reviewing the statistical limitations, challenges and biases inherent in these indicators. Alternatives for quality and safety performance monitoring that are more robust are presented. What are the implications for practitioners? The hospital standardised mortality ratio and death in low mortality diagnosis reference groups indicators should be used with extreme caution. Although public reporting of quality and safety indicators is necessary there are likely to be better methods to detect substandard performance. These include: properly structured morbidity and mortality meetings, independent audits, evidence-based bundles and checklists, sequential data analysis (e.g. using CUSUMS), and the use of simulators. To achieve maximum safety it is necessary, in addition to using these methods, to understand the characteristics of hospitals as complex systems that exhibit safe emergent behaviour, e.g. using the science of complex systems and its tools. Genuine safety cannot be achieved simply be studying ‘unsafety’. In addition, epidemiologically sound, clinically relevant clinical-quality registries are required.

scholarly journals Leadership Research - Old Truths and New Frontiers. Notes on complexity and leadership in-situ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Hultman
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Complex Organizations ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Leadership Research ◽  
The Relationship

In order to understand leadership, it is not enough to assume that organizations act as rational instruments. We need a better understanding of the dynamics of schools. Researchers have recently found that leadership's dynamism has a different meaning if we see organizations as complex systems and leaders in interacting and influencing. The purpose of this article is to discuss what leadership research has shown and what conclusions can be drawn. The starting point is research reviews, and evidence-based leadership, efficiency, problem-solving and methodology, leadership in complex organizations, practice-oriented leadership research and the relationship between leadership and learning. The article concludes, among other things, with a reflection on the school's scientific basis. One possibility may be to try to develop a "science" within the framework of their own activities in school and classrooms. Principals leadership is developed in practice and with inspiration from research, especially research that is practice-oriented. As shown in this article, the research provides different messages about what is successful. But we also need to use the studies that provide a deeper understanding of leadership dynamics and leadership aspects that have not been studied sufficiently.

scholarly journals Menekülés a komplexitástól

Symbolon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
György Csepeli
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Common People ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nature And Society

As a result of the recently occurred pandemic it has become apparent even for the common people that reality no longer can be seen through the lenses of simplification. Humankind has entered a new age characterized by complexity and lack of transparency. The border between nature and society has disappeared revealing that both of them are ruled by laws of complex systems. The relationships in complex systems are non-linear, categories are bond to language and understanding is a function of fuzzy logic. There is one chaordic world where changes cannot be predicted. Sudden small changes can lead to major transformations. The human mind has not been equipped by evolution to the challenges of complexity. Human beings living complexity are driven to escape from insecurity to security. Instead of reducing tension infodemics in social media induce anxiety and a sense of insecurity resulting inadequate response of the users. As a consequence of cognitive inadaptation users of social media tend to develop symptoms of depression, anxiety, paranoia, irrational credulity and resistance to accept evidence-based communications.

scholarly journals A complex-systems paradigm can lead to evidence-based policymaking and impactful action in substance misuse prevention-a rejoinder to Purshouse et al . (2018)

Addiction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1156
Author(s):  
Yorghos Apostolopoulos ◽  
Kristen Hassmiller Lich ◽  
Michael K. Lemke ◽  
Adam E. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Evidence Based

Abstraction: An alternative neurocognitive account of recognition, prediction, and decision making

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie F. Reyna ◽  
David A. Broniatowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽  
Abstract Representations ◽  
Technical Systems

Abstract Gilead et al. offer a thoughtful and much-needed treatment of abstraction. However, it fails to build on an extensive literature on abstraction, representational diversity, neurocognition, and psychopathology that provides important constraints and alternative evidence-based conceptions. We draw on conceptions in software engineering, socio-technical systems engineering, and a neurocognitive theory with abstract representations of gist at its core, fuzzy-trace theory.

Misophonia: An Evidence-Based Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-690
Author(s):  
C. S. Vanaja ◽  
Miriam Soni Abigail
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Case History ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Pure Tone Audiogram

Purpose Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder condition in certain sounds that trigger intense emotional or physiological responses. While some persons may experience misophonia, a few patients suffer from misophonia. However, there is a dearth of literature on audiological assessment and management of persons with misophonia. The purpose of this report is to discuss the assessment of misophonia and highlight the management option that helped a patient with misophonia. Method A case study of a 26-year-old woman with the complaint of decreased tolerance to specific sounds affecting quality of life is reported. Audiological assessment differentiated misophonia from hyperacusis. Management included retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy based on the principles described by P. J. Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2014). A misophonia questionnaire was administered at regular intervals to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. Results A detailed case history and audiological evaluations including pure-tone audiogram and Johnson Hyperacusis Index revealed the presence of misophonia. The patient benefitted from intervention, and the scores of the misophonia questionnaire indicated a decrease in the severity of the problem. Conclusions It is important to differentially diagnose misophonia and hyperacusis in persons with sound tolerance disorders. Retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy can help patients who suffer from misophonia.

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