scholarly journals SRoll2: an improved mapmaking approach to reduce large-scale systematic effects in the Planck High Frequency Instrument legacy maps

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. A38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Delouis ◽  
L. Pagano ◽  
S. Mottet ◽  
J.-L. Puget ◽  
L. Vibert
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
Higher Order Effects

This paper describes an improved map making approach with respect to the one used for the Planck High Frequency Instrument 2018 Legacy release. The algorithm SRoll2 better corrects the known instrumental effects that still affected mostly the polarized large-angular-scale data by distorting the signal, and/or leaving residuals observable in null tests. The main systematic effect is the nonlinear response of the onboard analog-to-digital convertors that was cleaned in the Planck HFI Legacy release as an empirical time-varying linear detector chain response which is the first-order effect. The SRoll2 method fits the model parameters for higher-order effects and corrects the full distortion of the signal. The model parameters are fitted using the redundancies in the data by iteratively comparing the data and a model. The polarization efficiency uncertainties and associated errors have also been corrected based on the redundancies in the data and their residual levels characterized with simulations. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the method using end-to-end simulations, and provides a measure of the systematic effect residuals that now fall well below the detector noise level. Finally, this paper describes and characterizes the resulting SRoll2 frequency maps using the associated simulations that are released to the community.

scholarly journals Magnetic Fields in the Spiral Galaxy NGC 6946

1993 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 311-312
Author(s):  
Matthias Ehle ◽  
Rainer Beck
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Spiral Galaxy ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamo Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Spiral Pattern ◽  
Ngc 6946

High frequency polarization observations reveal the existence of a large-scale ordered magnetic field in the disk of the spiral galaxy NGC 6946. At lower frequencies the disk is no longer transparent to polarized radio waves due to Faraday depolarization. The spiral pattern of the uniform magnetic field and the distribution of polarized intensities are fairly well simulated by a dynamo model. The model parameters indicate that the dynamo does not only operate in the disk, but also in the halo.

Probing Birth-Order Effects on Narrow Traits Using Specification-Curve Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Rohrer ◽  
Boris Egloff ◽  
Stefan C. Schmukle
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Birth Order Effect ◽  
Self Reports

The idea that birth-order position has a lasting impact on personality has been discussed for the past 100 years. Recent large-scale studies have indicated that birth-order effects on the Big Five personality traits are negligible. In the current study, we examined a variety of more narrow personality traits in a large representative sample ( n = 6,500–10,500 in between-family analyses; n = 900–1,200 in within-family analyses). We used specification-curve analysis to assess evidence for birth-order effects across a range of models implementing defensible yet arbitrary analytical decisions (e.g., whether to control for age effects or to exclude participants on the basis of sibling spacing). Although specification-curve analysis clearly confirmed the previously reported birth-order effect on intellect, we found no meaningful effects on life satisfaction, locus of control, interpersonal trust, reciprocity, risk taking, patience, impulsivity, or political orientation. The lack of meaningful birth-order effects on self-reports of personality was not limited to broad traits but also held for more narrowly defined characteristics.

scholarly journals Planck2018 results

2020 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. A3 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
N. Aghanim ◽  
Y. Akrami ◽  
M. Ashdown ◽  
J. Aumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
End To End ◽  
Frequency Calibration ◽  
Analogue To Digital

This paper presents the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) data processing procedures for thePlanck2018 release. Major improvements in mapmaking have been achieved since the previousPlanck2015 release, many of which were used and described already in an intermediate paper dedicated to thePlanckpolarized data at low multipoles. These improvements enabled the first significant measurement of the reionization optical depth parameter usingPlanck-HFI data. This paper presents an extensive analysis of systematic effects, including the use of end-to-end simulations to facilitate their removal and characterize the residuals. The polarized data, which presented a number of known problems in the 2015Planckrelease, are very significantly improved, especially the leakage from intensity to polarization. Calibration, based on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole, is now extremely accurate and in the frequency range 100–353 GHz reduces intensity-to-polarization leakage caused by calibration mismatch. The Solar dipole direction has been determined in the three lowest HFI frequency channels to within one arc minute, and its amplitude has an absolute uncertainty smaller than 0.35μK, an accuracy of order 10−4. This is a major legacy from thePlanckHFI for future CMB experiments. The removal of bandpass leakage has been improved for the main high-frequency foregrounds by extracting the bandpass-mismatch coefficients for each detector as part of the mapmaking process; these values in turn improve the intensity maps. This is a major change in the philosophy of “frequency maps”, which are now computed from single detector data, all adjusted to the same average bandpass response for the main foregrounds. End-to-end simulations have been shown to reproduce very well the relative gain calibration of detectors, as well as drifts within a frequency induced by the residuals of the main systematic effect (analogue-to-digital convertor non-linearity residuals). Using these simulations, we have been able to measure and correct the small frequency calibration bias induced by this systematic effect at the 10−4level. There is no detectable sign of a residual calibration bias between the first and second acoustic peaks in the CMB channels, at the 10−3level.

scholarly journals Reionization optical depth determination from Planck HFI data with ten percent accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. A99 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pagano ◽  
J.-M. Delouis ◽  
S. Mottet ◽  
J.-L. Puget ◽  
L. Vibert
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Scale Temperature ◽  
Depth Determination ◽  
Λcdm Model ◽  
Percent Accuracy

We present an estimation of the reionization optical depth τ from an improved analysis of data from the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) on board the Planck satellite. By using an improved version of the HFI map-making code, we greatly reduce the residual large-scale contamination affecting the data, characterised in, but not fully removed from, the Planck 2018 legacy release. This brings the dipole distortion systematic effect, contaminating the very low multipoles, below the noise level. On large-scale polarization-only data, we measure τ = 0.0566−0.0062+0.0053 at 68% C.L., reducing the Planck 2018 legacy release uncertainty by ∼40%. Within the ΛCDM model, in combination with the Planck large-scale temperature likelihood, and the high-ℓ temperature and polarization likelihood, we measure τ = 0.059 ± 0.006 at 68% C.L., which corresponds to a mid-point reionization redshift of zre = 8.14 ± 0.61 at 68% C.L. This estimation of the reionization optical depth with 10% accuracy is the strongest constraint to date.

Advanced Medium-Order Modelling for the Prediction of the Three-Dimensional Wake Shed by a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Saverin ◽  
David Marten ◽  
George Pechlivanoglou ◽  
Christian Oliver Paschereit ◽  
Giacomo Persico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Higher Order Effects ◽  
Vortex Particle

A recently formulated model for the treatment of the evolution of the wake of aerodynamic bodies has been implemented into the wind turbine simulation software QBlade with the aim of modelling near and far wake behavior with a so-called medium order model. The paper first presents the vortex particle treatment of the wake. Shed and trailing vortex elements generated by a lifting line model of the turbine blade are allowed to freely convect under the action of the freestream, body and wake influence. Induced velocities are calculated with use of a regularized Biot-Savart kernel. The method is validated against experiments carried out in the large-scale wind tunnel of the Politecnico di Milano on a H-type turbine architecture. Wake velocities and periodic unsteadiness are predicted relatively well by the method for two tip speed ratios. It is observed that higher order effects such as vortex stretching and viscous interaction must be implemented into the model in order to accurately predict wake evolution. A recently developed vortex particle multilevel multi-integration method has been implemented which approximates the far-field influence of the particles and reduces significantly the computational expense. The paper also reports on the implementation of higher order effects into this optimization framework to account for evolution of vortex particle strength and the inclusion of viscous effects into the model, which are shown to be particularly relevant for vertical axis wind turbines.

scholarly journals Birth order and prosociality in the early adolescent brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Okada ◽  
Yu Yamamoto ◽  
Noriaki Yahata ◽  
Susumu Morita ◽  
Daisuke Koshiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Cognitive Intelligence ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Scale Population

AbstractBirth order is a crucial environmental factor for child development. For example, later-born children are relatively unlikely to feel secure due to sibling competition or diluted parental resources. The positive effect of being earlier-born on cognitive intelligence is well-established. However, whether birth order is linked to social behavior remains controversial, and the neural correlates of birth order effects in adolescence when social cognition develops remain unknown. Here, we explored the birth order effect on prosociality using a large-scale population-based adolescent cohort. Next, since the amygdala is a key region for sociality and environmental stress, we examined amygdala substrates of the association between birth order and prosociality using a subset neuroimaging cohort. We found enhanced prosociality in later-born adolescents (N = 3160), and observed the mediating role of larger amygdala volume (N = 208) and amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity with sex-selective effects (N = 183). We found that birth order, a non-genetic environmental factor, affects adolescent social development via different neural substrates. Our findings may indicate the later-born people’s adaptive survival strategy in stressful environments.

New Higher Order Engineering Beam Theory

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-327
Author(s):  
G. E. O. Widera ◽  
W. C. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Beam Theory ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Engineering Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Higher Order Effects

A refined engineering theory for beams is presented. It contains higher order effects not present in such refined theories as the one by Timoshenko. A comparison with the latter theory is carried out.

First grammar books in the Habsburg Monarchy: individual initiative and regulatory interference by the state (1760s–1770s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2 (11)) ◽  
pp. 137-157
Author(s):  
Olga V. Khavanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
German Language ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
The One

The second half of the eighteenth century in the lands under the sceptre of the House of Austria was a period of development of a language policy addressing the ethno-linguistic diversity of the monarchy’s subjects. On the one hand, the sphere of use of the German language was becoming wider, embracing more and more segments of administration, education, and culture. On the other hand, the authorities were perfectly aware of the fact that communication in the languages and vernaculars of the nationalities living in the Austrian Monarchy was one of the principal instruments of spreading decrees and announcements from the central and local authorities to the less-educated strata of the population. Consequently, a large-scale reform of primary education was launched, aimed at making the whole population literate, regardless of social status, nationality (mother tongue), or confession. In parallel with the centrally coordinated state policy of education and language-use, subjects-both language experts and amateur polyglots-joined the process of writing grammar books, which were intended to ease communication between the different nationalities of the Habsburg lands. This article considers some examples of such editions with primary attention given to the correlation between private initiative and governmental policies, mechanisms of verifying the textbooks to be published, their content, and their potential readers. This paper demonstrates that for grammar-book authors, it was very important to be integrated into the patronage networks at the court and in administrative bodies and stresses that the Vienna court controlled the process of selection and financing of grammar books to be published depending on their quality and ability to satisfy the aims and goals of state policy.

The Green New Deal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hockett
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Good News ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
The One ◽  
In Virtue Of

This white paper lays out the guiding vision behind the Green New Deal Resolution proposed to the U.S. Congress by Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Senator Bill Markey in February of 2019. It explains the senses in which the Green New Deal is 'green' on the one hand, and a new 'New Deal' on the other hand. It also 'makes the case' for a shamelessly ambitious, not a low-ball or slow-walked, Green New Deal agenda. At the core of the paper's argument lies the observation that only a true national mobilization on the scale of those associated with the original New Deal and the Second World War will be up to the task of comprehensively revitalizing the nation's economy, justly growing our middle class, and expeditiously achieving carbon-neutrality within the twelve-year time-frame that climate science tells us we have before reaching an environmental 'tipping point.' But this is actually good news, the paper argues. For, paradoxically, an ambitious Green New Deal also will be the most 'affordable' Green New Deal, in virtue of the enormous productivity, widespread prosperity, and attendant public revenue benefits that large-scale public investment will bring. In effect, the Green New Deal will amount to that very transformative stimulus which the nation has awaited since the crash of 2008 and its debt-deflationary sequel.

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