The using of gene-oriented SCoT markers in genotyping of the Apple genus (Malus Mill.)

This paper discusses the aspects of optimization of the SCoT genotyping method for representatives of the genus Apple (Malus Mill.), including the orchard apple (Malus domestica). Special attention is paid to the methods of total DNA isolation from apple plant tissue, which is due to the sensitivity of multilocus marker systems to the quality of the nucleic acid preparation. On a sample of total DNA isolated from the leaves of the Golden Delicious cultivar, 18 SCoT markers were tested, from which 4 Malus Mill cultivars and species most promising for genotyping were selected.

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Effect of soil compost application on the dry matter and Ca contents of the leaves in an organic apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.63.2014.2.10 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 315-328

Author(s):

Anita Szabó ◽

Ádám Csihon ◽

Andrea Balla-Kovács ◽

István Gonda ◽

Imre Vágó

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Malus Domestica Borkh ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Compost Application

Ökológiai termesztésű almaültetvényben eltérő komposztadagok (0, 10, 25 és 50 kg N·ha−1) hatását vizsgáltuk a talaj tápelemtartalmának változására (0–30 és 30–60 cm-es mélységben). Mértük az egyes almafajták (Golden Delicious és Pinova) levelének szárazanyag- és Ca-tartalmát, továbbá vizsgáltuk e paraméterek alakulásának egymáshoz való viszonyát.A szabadföldi kísérletet a Debreceni Egyetem Kertészettudományi Intézetének Pallagi Kísérleti Telepén, a talaj- és növényminták analízisét az Agrokémiai és Talajtani Intézet laboratóriumaiban végeztük.A 2011. és 2012. évi eredményeket összevetve lényeges csökkenés mutatkozott a talaj AL-oldható P-tartalmában. Az évek múlásával jelentősen nőtt azonban a talajban a nitrát-, ammónia-, szerves-N és CaCl2-Mg tartalom a kijuttatott komposztadagok hatására. Az AL-K, -Ca, -Mg, a CaCl2-P, -K mennyisége és a pH közel azonosnak mondható.Az első kísérleti évben (2010-ben) még nem volt hatása a komposztnak. 2011-ben már észleltünk hatást, de a fagykár miatt nem volt termés a fákon. 2012-ben a nagy termésterhelés mellett is növekedést tapasztaltunk a szárazanyag-tartalom alakulásában mind a Golden Delicious, mind a Pinova fajták esetében. Adott kezeléseken belül az eltérő termésmennyiségekkel, továbbá az évjárattal összefüggő tendenciákat fedeztünk fel. A rendkívül csapadékos évben (2010) alacsony, míg az aszályos évben (2012) nagy szárazanyag-tartalom értékeket mértünk a levélben. A Golden Delicious és a Pinova esetében kapott tendencia fajtától, kezelés- és termesztés-technológiától függetlenül hasonló.A komposzt hatására 2010-ben a Golden Delicious leveleiben kismértékű, a Pinova leveleiben szignifikáns Ca-tartalombeli növekedést mértünk. Az évjárat hatásáról elmondható, hogy csapadékos évben a szakirodalmi adatoknál magasabb, míg száraz, terméshiányos évben alacsonyabb Ca-tartalommal számolhattunk. Bár a Ca-szintek alakulása tendenciájában megegyezett a két almafajta esetében, mégis megállapítható, hogy a Pinova leveleinek elemtartalma nagyobb volt, mint a Golden Delicious fáké.A levelek szárazanyag-tartalma és Ca-tartalma között fordított arányosságot bizonyítottunk.

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Parameters of inner quality of the apple scab resistant and susceptible apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2007.05.004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 37-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Maja Mikulic Petkovsek ◽

Franci Stampar ◽

Robert Veberic

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Apple Scab ◽

Malus Domestica Borkh ◽

Apple Cultivars

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Direct comparison of QIAamp DSP Virus Kit and QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit regarding cell-free fetal DNA isolation from maternal peripheral blood

Molecular and Cellular Probes ◽

10.1016/j.mcp.2018.12.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 13-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mark Jain ◽

Alexander Vladimirovich Balatsky ◽

Daria Borisovna Revina ◽

Larisa Mikhailovna Samokhodskaya

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Dna Isolation ◽

Fetal Dna ◽

Maternal Peripheral Blood ◽

Cell Free Fetal Dna

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Elma Bitkisi (Malus domestica L.)’nde Foliar Uygulanan Salisilik Asitin Donmaya Karşı Etkileri

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v3i5.221-225.266 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bengü Türkyılmaz Ünal ◽

Oğuzhan Mentiş ◽

Ethem Akyol

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Malus Domestica ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Photosynthetic Pigment ◽

Freezing Stress ◽

Control Group ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

In our study we aim to increase frost resistance and improve the yield and quality of apple is important in Turkey and world economy. Phenological and morphological observations, physiological and biochemical analyzes were carried out in apple (Malus domestica L.) plants. It was studied to determine the effects of foliar Salicylic acid (0, 500 ppm/plant and 1000 ppm/plant) on adaptation of this plant when exposed to freezing stress, the quality and yield. Leaf photosynthetic pigment contents, total protein amount, proline amount, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymatic activities were measured. The study planned by random experimental design and statistical analysis of data with SPSS program (LSD test) were made. It was determined that fruit and shoot numbers were increased in samples exposed to 500 ppm salicylic acid and while fruit weights were increased in samples exposed to 500 ppm and 1000 ppm salicylic acid compared to the control. Also, colour of plants were darkened. Chla, chlb, total chl, proline, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase amounts were increased significantly compared to the control group. Increases occured in the carotenoid and the protein amounts are not significant statistically. In the light of obtained data, foliar application of salicylic acid were found to reduce the effects of freezing stress and to increase the yield and quality of apple plants.

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Botrytis cinerea Decay in Apples Is Inhibited by Postharvest Heat and Calcium Treatments

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.122.1.91 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 91-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Joshua D. Klein ◽

William S. Conway ◽

Bruce D. Whitaker ◽

Carl E. Sams

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Malus Domestica ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Heat Regime ◽

Golden Delicious

`Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were treated after harvest with heat (air at 38 °C for 4 days or 42 °C for 1 day) or 2% CaCl2 (w/v; applied as a dip or pressure-infiltrated) or a combination of the two and stored at 0 °C for ≤6 months. Decay caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. after inoculation to a depth of 2 mm with a conidial suspension virtually was eliminated in stored fruit heated at 38 °C, regardless of Ca treatment. Apples punctured to a depth of 0.5 mm (but not 2 mm) and inoculated with B. cinerea on removal from storage were almost completely protected from poststorage decay if they had previously been pressure-infiltrated with 2% CaCl2, regardless of the heat regime. Heating fruit at 42 °C and dipping in 2% CaCl2 were only partially effective in preventing decay from either pre- or poststorage inoculations. Fruit firmness was not related to resistance to decay.

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STUDIES ON NUCLEIC ACID METACHROMASY

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.27.2.327 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 327-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Ned Feder ◽

Merrill K. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Toluidine Blue ◽

Color Contrast ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Dna And Rna ◽

Excellent Preservation ◽

Structural Preservation ◽

Intense Color

Acrolein-fixed, polyester wax-embedded tissue sections showed excellent preservation of light microscopic architecture and, when stained with toluidine blue, intense color contrast between DNA, which stained orthochromatically, and RNA, which stained metachromatically. This method has practical value for differentiating DNA from RNA in the same section. The color contrast was impaired by substituting formaldehyde for acrolein or paraffin for polyester wax, and was negligible in tissues fixed in formaldehyde or Carnoy's fluid and embedded in paraffin. Quality of structural preservation paralleled degree of color contrast. Metachromatic staining can be analysed, by the quantitative parameters of Bradley and colleagues, to provide inferences regarding the conformation of biopolymers in tissue sections. Comparison of the nucleic acid color contrasts in toluidine blue-stained sections with titrations of fixative-treated nucleic acids against toluidine blue in solution indicated a greater difference in conformation between DNA- and RNA-protein in acrolein-polyester sections than between acrolein-treated free DNA and RNA in solution. This is supported by recent evidence that the conformation of ribosomal RNA is quite different in whole ribosomes from that assumed by the same RNA free in solution. The acrolein-polyester method may enhance color contrast by providing superior preservation of ordered nucleoprotein conformations.

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Trehalose maintains the quality of Malus domestica by mediating sucrose and respiratory metabolism

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110857 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 295 ◽

pp. 110857

Author(s):

Canying Li ◽

Lei Sun ◽

Jie Zhu ◽

Yuan Cheng ◽

Rui Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Respiratory Metabolism

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Ultrastructure of Cells and Microanalysis in Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Szampion’ Fruit in Relation to Varied Calcium Foliar Feeding

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25204622 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (20) ◽

pp. 4622

Author(s):

Piotr Kowalik ◽

Tomasz Lipa ◽

Zenia Michałojć ◽

Mirosława Chwil

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Malus Domestica ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Middle Lamella ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Malus Domestica Borkh ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Cytoplasmic Membranes

Calcium is one of the most poorly reutilized nutrients. Its deficiencies cause various physiological disturbances and, consequently, reduce the quantity and quality of yields. Reduced content of Ca2+ ions in cells leads to development of, e.g., bitter pit in apples. Efficient and instantaneous mitigation of Ca2+ deficiencies is provided by foliar feeding. There are no detailed data on the effect of foliar feeding with various calcium forms on the cell structure or on the microanalysis and mapping of this element in apple fruit cells. Therefore, we carried out comparative studies of the ultrastructure of epidermis and hypodermis cells, to assess the content and distribution of calcium in the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, and precipitates of Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Szampion’ fruit exposed to four Ca treatments, including the control with no additional Ca supplementation (I) and foliar applications of Ca(NO3)2 (II), CaCl2 (III), and Ca chelated with EDTA (IV). Light and transmission electron microscopy and an X-ray microanalyzer were used and showed a beneficial effect of calcium preparations on the ultrastructure of fruit epidermis and hypodermis cells, manifested in the presence of a normally developed cell wall with a regular middle lamella, preserved continuity of cytoplasmic membranes, and stabilized cell structure. In the selected elements of apical epidermis cells, the highest level of Ca2+ ions was detected in the middle lamella, cell wall, plasmalemma, and cytoplasm. The highest increase in the Ca2+ content in these cell constituents was recorded in treatment IV, whereas the lowest value of the parameters was noted in variant III.

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