scholarly journals Distribution of silty fraction and slurry by profile of arable soils of the central forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Elena Kovalyova ◽  
Ekaterina Kotlyrova ◽  
Sergej Linkov ◽  
Olga Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Lateral Variations

The work is devoted to the study of granulometric composition of soils of 120-year and 240-year agricultural development of meadow-steppe landscape on the example of Belgorod region. In the lateral distribution of the silt fraction contained in the arable horizon, a significant increase in its proportion in the lower parts of the soil catenas of the 120-year arable, for the 240-year arable the lateral variations of the silt fraction are less noticeable. The averaged values of silt content over slope profiles of 240-year arable land showed local maximum of silt confined to subsoil horizon. An inverse relationship was found for slopes on 120-year-old arable land, namely the fact that the percentage of silt fraction increases at depth does not lead to an increase of the same fraction in the subsoil layer. Numerous blindfolds were found in the soil sections studied by caten, especially many of them were detected at a depth of up to one meter. Average area occupied by mole crusts on the walls of averaged transects is 80-90% on the 120-year arable and 70-80% on the 240-year arable. On soils of background catenas, 30-40% of the walls of soil transects are occupied by mole-rats. Blistergrasses are more often found in soils of catens of northern exposition - both 120-year and 240-year arable land.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF SILT AND MOLE RAT SOD PILES ON THE PROFILE OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF CATENAE OF DIFFERENT PERIODS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL FOREST STEPPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
E. V. Kovaleva ◽  
◽  
N. A. Lopachev N. A. ◽  
I. Yu. Vagurin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Mole Rat

The work is devoted to the study of the granulometric composition of soils of 120-year and 240-year-old agricultural development of the meadow-steppe landscape on the example of the Belgorod region. In the lateral distribution of the silt fraction contained in the arable horizon, a significant increase of its share was found in the lower parts of the soil catenae of 120-year-old arable land; as for 240-year-old arable land, lateral fluctuations of the silt fraction are less noticeable. Average values of the silt content along the slope profiles of arable land of 240 years of age showed a local maximum of silt adjacent to the subsurface horizon. An inverse correlation was found for slopes on 120-year-old arable land, namely, the fact that the percentage of the depth silt fraction increased did not lead to an increase of the same fractions in the near-arable layer. In the soil sections of the studied catenae, numerous mole rat sod piles were found, especially many of them were detected at the depth of up to one meter. The average area occupied by mole rat sod piles on the walls of the average section is 80-90% on 120-year-old arable land and 70-80% on 240-year-old arable land. Mole rat sod piles occupy 30-40% of the walls of the soil sections on the soils of the background catenae. Mole rat sod piles are more common in the soils of the catenae of the northern slopes - both for 120-year-old and 240-year-old arable land.

scholarly journals Study of acid-alkaline conditions of different-age arable soils of landscape catens of Central Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-439
Author(s):  
E. V. Kovalyova ◽  
I. Yu. Vagurin ◽  
A. V. Akinchin ◽  
O. S. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Fertility of soils is largely determined by their physical and chemical properties. Response of soil environment is a mobile indicator of soil fertility. Direction and intensity of almost all soil processes that provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassi- um regimes of soils, as well as availability of macro- and microelements for plants, depend on it. The paper presents the result of a field study of acid-alkaline conditions of profiles of black soil of typical and leached different terms of agricultural use of soil cat- ens of the meadow-steppe section of the Belgorod region in 2019. The research object was different-age arable areas with an age of agricultural development of 140 and 240 years, respectively. The steepness of surface in areas corresponding to the meadow-steppe zonal landscape of the forest-steppe did not exceed 4-6 °. As a result of field studies, 32 incisions were studied in the mead- ow-steppe section (6 incisions on background catens and 12 incisions on open catens). Each incision was provided with layered values of morphometric indicators of soil horizons. For background steppe soils, shade slopes are characterized by more alkaline conditions, in comparison with southern slopes. For 140-year-old arable land, the situation is opposite: shadow slopes have a more acidic reaction of the medium, in comparison with insoluble ones; for 240-year-old arable land, alkaline-acid conditions on the slopes of opposite expositions did not differ significantly. In the first 140 years of plowing, acidification of the soil profile occurs; the difference in the pH value between the background and arable land values of 140 years of age on the slope of the northern ex- position reaches 1.6 on the surface, gradually decreasing to 0.2 at depth. Further plowing leads to alkalization of the soil profile by 0.6-0.9 pH units. The research results can be used in development of agricultural systems in crop industries.

scholarly journals Сучасний стан та динаміка змін земельних ресурсів центрального Лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Ю. В. Славгородська
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Structural Distribution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Productive Land

У статті розглянуто сучасний стан використання земельних ресурсів центрального Лісостепу України. Досліджено особливості структурного розподілу сільськогосподарських земельних угідь. Визначено надмірний рівень сільськогосподарської освоєності території, розораності території і сільськогосподарських угідь. Встановлено, що структура земельних угідь екологічно розбалансована. Проаналізовано динаміку змін земельного фонду за останнє десятиліття в розрізі адміністративних областей.  Запропоновано заходи щодо оптимізації використання земельних ресурсів. The article considers the current state of use of land resources of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the context of administrative regions – Vinnytsa, Kyiv, Kirovograd, Poltava, Cherkasy. Structural distribution of land resources by types of land was analyzed. The Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine as of 01.01.2016 is 12890,9 thousand hectares. A significant part was occupied by agricultural land – 9321,8 thousand hectares (72,3 %), forests and forest cover areas – 1842,63 thousand hectares (14,3 %), built-up land – 538,4 thousand hectares (4.2 %), water (territories covered with surface water) – 579,5 thousand hectares (4,5 %), other lands – 455,22 thousand hectares. Features of structural distribution were investigated of agricultural land. The excessive level of agricultural development of the territory is determined – 72,3 %, the area’s cultivation is 61,2 %, agricultural land plots – 84,6 %. Such indicators significantly exceed the maximum permissible levels, which indicate extensive use of land. It is established that the structure of land is ecologically unbalanced. The period of 2005–2016 was analyzed a dynamics of land fund changes. Thus, the area of land has undergone some changes, but they are completely unimportant and do not radically change. The reduction of agricultural land is extremely low (0,8 %), the increase in the forest area as an ecolabelling lands is only 0,2 %. The decrease in the share of arable land in the total area of agricultural land is very small – 4,0 thousand hectares (0,03 %). The reduction of arable land was observed in Kyiv region – by 13,7 thousand hectares, in Vinnyts’a – by 4,4 thousand hectares, Cherkasy region – by 1,8 thousand hectares. There is a slight increase in the area of arable land in Kirovograd region – by 1,4 thousand hectares and in Poltava region – by 14,5 thousand hectares. We offered measures to optimize the use of land resources. In particular, an important task in the field of optimization of the structure of the land fund should be measures for the removal of intensive cultivation of degraded, low productive land.

scholarly journals Subtype features of humus dynamics in chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain under conditions of long-term agricultural use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Gromovik ◽  
◽  
N.S. Gorbunova ◽  
I.V. Cherepukhina ◽  
Yu.Yu. Khatuntseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
High Level

The long-term dynamics of the humus content and reserves in the forest-steppe and steppe chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain was studied in a series: virgin land - perennial arable land. To the greatest extent, the transformation of the humus profile of chernozems as a result of plowing is manifested in its upper part. The depth of transformation spread reaches approximately 80-90 cm. In the series of subtypes: podzolic - leached - typical - ordinary chernozems, there are differences in the amount of humus lost. Long-term plowing of these soils leads to the humus content decrease. Therefore, real (t/ha) and apparent (%) humus losses in soils during their long- term plowing can differ significantly. The greatest losses of humus were recorded in leached chernozems – 15 t/ha. In podzolic and ordinary chernozems, the loss of humus reserves was approximately the same and amounted to 13 and 14 t/ha, respectively. Typical arable soils, as a rule, contain 15 t/ha fewer humus reserves than virgin soil. The humus level of chernozems varies significantly in the first years of use, then it stabilizes at a fairly high level according to the new regime of matter and energy circulation in agrocenoses. An objective assessment of changes in the main indicators of the humus state of chernozems during their long-term agricultural use should be carried out not by the percentage of humus but by its reserves, taking into account the corresponding values of the equilibrium addition density.

Agrotechnical dusting of arable soils of Left-bank Forest-steppe and Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bulygin ◽  
S. Vitvits'kyj ◽  
D. Timchenko ◽  
V. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Arable Soils

The effect of rainfall intensity on soil erosion and particulate phosphorus transfer from arable soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fraser ◽  
T. R. Harrod ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Soil erosion, in the form of transported suspended sediment in overland flow, is often associated with high rates of particulate phosphorus (PP) (total P>0.45 μm) transfer from land to watercourses. Particulate P may provide a long-term source of P for aquatic biota. Twenty-two sites for winter overland flow monitoring were selected in south-west England within fields ranging from 0.2–3.8 ha on conventionally-managed arable land. Fields were situated on highly porous, light textured soils, lacking impermeable horizons and often overlying major aquifers. Long arable use and modern cultivation methods result in these soils capping under rain impact. Overland flow was observed when rainfall intensity approached the modest rate of 0.8 mm hr−1 on land at or near to field capacity. Low intensity rainfall (<2 mm hr−1) produced mean suspended sediment losses of 14 kg ha−1 hr−1, with associated PP transfer rates of 16 g ha−1 hr−1. In high intensity rainfall (>9 mm hr−1) mean PP losses of 319 g ha−1 hr−1 leaving the field were observed. As might be expected, there was a good relationship between PP and suspended sediment transfer in overland flow leaving the sites. The capacity of light soils to cap when in arable use, combined with heavy or prolonged rainfall, resulted in substantial discharges, soil erosion and associated PP transfer. Storms with heavy rain, typically of only a few hours duration, were characterised by considerable losses of PP. Such events, with return periods of once or twice a winter, may account for a significant proportion of total annual P transfer from agricultural soils under arable crops. However, contributions from less intense rain with much longer duration (around 100 hours per winter in many arable districts of the UK) are also demonstrated here.

scholarly journals Study of thickness of humus profiles of gray forest and chernozem soils of different terms of agricultural use in landscape shrubs of the central forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Elena Kovalyova ◽  
Ekaterina Kotlyarova ◽  
Olga Kuzmina ◽  
Yuri Breslavets ◽  
Alexey Teteryadchenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Humus Profile ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Leaved Forest

The article presents the results of a field study of the thickness of the humus profiles of gray forest soils and podzolized chernozems of dif-ferent terms of agricultural use of soil catens of broad-leaved-forest (background) and meadow-steppe areas of the Belgorod region. The work was carried out in the spring and summer period 2018-2019. The objects of the study were different-aged arable plots with the age of agricultural development of 100 and 160 years, respectively. The steepness of the surface on the plots did not exceed 5-60. It is established that the thickness of humus profile under the influence of agricultural cultivation during 60 years has decreased by 49 cm, at that on the slopes of northern exposition this index is more expressed (33 cm) than on the slopes of southern exposition (16 cm). It is possible, to note, that with increase of age of agricultural use on slopes of northern and southern expositions the greatest thickness of humus horizon is observed on anomalous soils (72 and 65 sm accordingly). Within the background catens the soil cover is homogeneous, the second humus horizon was observed in each of the studied transects.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Activity and Enchytraeids Abundance in Agricultural Mountain Soils / Aktywność enzymatyczna i liczebność wazonkowców w glebach górskich użytkowanych rolniczo

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Anna Miechówka
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
S Poland

AbstractThe number of soil mesofauna and enzymatic activity of soils are good indicators of changes in soil influenced by cultivation. The aim of this study was to compare density of enchytraeids and the activity of dehydrogenases (ADh), urease (AU), and invertase (AI) in the soils of grassland and arable land. Relationships that exist between those biological parameters and the basic soil properties (the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), pH, texture, and total porosity) were defined. In the research, soil material from humus horizon of 12 soils which were located in the Mały Beskid and Silesian Foothills (S Poland) was used. The main density of enchytraeids in grassland soils (12 982 ind⋅m-2) was twice higher than in arable land soils (6099 ind⋅m-2), and the differences were statistically significant. Grassland soils were characterised by higher enzymatic activity than arable land soils. However, only ADh, which were almost three times higher in grassland than in arable soils (2024 and 742 μmol TPFkg-1h-1, respectively), showed significant differences. In grassland soils more favourable edaphic conditions for the development of soil organisms occurred in comparison with arable land.

scholarly journals Voloshchuk M. D., Petrenko N. I., Yatsenko S. V. Erosian of soils of Ukraine: the evolution of theory and practice. – Kyiv : Nilan, Ltd., 2014. – 325 p.

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
A. P. Travleyev ◽  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
National University

At the present time the great part of soils is exposed to various negative processes. One of the basic processes that lead to the degradation of soils in Ukraine is the erosion. According to the recent data, water and wind erosion covers 13.9 million hectares; it is about 33 % of the total arable land in the country. On this basis, the greater relevance belongs to the scientific studies displaying the features of negative phenomena of our soil, and, most importantly, the ways of solving of these urgent problems on the soil cover of Ukraine. The monograph «Soil erosion in Ukraine: the evolution of theory and practice» of such famous scientists in the field of Soil Erosion Science as Voloshchuk M. D., Petrenko N. I. and Yatsenko S. V. is one of such fundamental works. In the present monograph, considerable attention is paid to the periodization of the formation and development of the doctrine of soil erosion in Ukraine. The authors identify six basic stages of formation of the national Soil Erosion Science. The paper discusses the characteristic features of isolation of Soil Erosion Science as an independent scientific direction and a self-discipline, which are based on the works of such renowned scientists as P. S. Tregubov, M. N. Zaslavsky and G. I. Shvebs. A significant place in the monograph is devoted to the characteristics of the scientific centers of Ukraine, in which the Soil Erosion Science has been developed. These centers are distinguished by leading scientists, under the leadership of whom, the erosion processes have been studied. The authors of the monograph provides four main scientific centers of the country in the field of Soil Erosion Science development: National Scientific Centre «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences» (central region), National Scientific Center «Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O. N. Sokolovsky», Scientific-Technical Center «Fertility» (Kharkiv region), Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University (south region), Lviv National Agrarian University, Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv and others (west region). In addition to considering the features of the listed centers, in the work there is a presentation of a brief description of the project, research institutes, agricultural and agroforestry research stations that are active in a scientific work in relation to soil erosion processes. In the work, there are also the historical aspects and mechanisms for the further development of wind erosion researches. Considerable attention the authors of the monograph pay to the analysis of the current state, challenges and prospects of solving the problem on protecting the soil from erosion. The main problem of the country's soil, which is the cause of widespread erosion, is a very high agricultural development of the territory, more than half of which falls onto an arable land. At the end of the monograph, there are a large number of photos, provided by Professor M. D. Voloshchuk, which recorded various aspects of soil erosion manifestations, as well as the ways of its overcoming in the conditions of forest-steppe and steppe zones in Ukraine and on the territory of Moldova. The reviewed monograph is certainly a very relevant and timely generalizing scientific research that will be useful in the theoretical and practical use of students, academic staff of the natural and agricultural higher education institutions, research organizations.

scholarly journals Identyfikacja głównych determinant rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskie

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (3) ◽  
pp. 342-352
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Zaród
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Discriminatory Analysis ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu

The level of agricultural development in the EU countries is varies significantly. The knowledge of factors directly affecting changes in agriculture can contribute to reducing disparities between countries. The purpose of this study is to indicate the main factors which determine agricultural development in the European Union. To implement this task, the discriminant analysis was used. The research material were data from the GUS and EUROSTAT regarding agriculture in EU countries. The research shows that the development of agriculture in the EU is determined in particular by factors such as the share of sowing of cereals in the total area of arable land, consumption expenditure in households, labor productivity and agricultural income. In addition, the discriminatory analysis allowed assigning particular countries to groups with different levels of agricultural development.

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