scholarly journals Study of acid-alkaline conditions of different-age arable soils of landscape catens of Central Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-439
Author(s):  
E. V. Kovalyova ◽  
I. Yu. Vagurin ◽  
A. V. Akinchin ◽  
O. S. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Fertility of soils is largely determined by their physical and chemical properties. Response of soil environment is a mobile indicator of soil fertility. Direction and intensity of almost all soil processes that provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassi- um regimes of soils, as well as availability of macro- and microelements for plants, depend on it. The paper presents the result of a field study of acid-alkaline conditions of profiles of black soil of typical and leached different terms of agricultural use of soil cat- ens of the meadow-steppe section of the Belgorod region in 2019. The research object was different-age arable areas with an age of agricultural development of 140 and 240 years, respectively. The steepness of surface in areas corresponding to the meadow-steppe zonal landscape of the forest-steppe did not exceed 4-6 °. As a result of field studies, 32 incisions were studied in the mead- ow-steppe section (6 incisions on background catens and 12 incisions on open catens). Each incision was provided with layered values of morphometric indicators of soil horizons. For background steppe soils, shade slopes are characterized by more alkaline conditions, in comparison with southern slopes. For 140-year-old arable land, the situation is opposite: shadow slopes have a more acidic reaction of the medium, in comparison with insoluble ones; for 240-year-old arable land, alkaline-acid conditions on the slopes of opposite expositions did not differ significantly. In the first 140 years of plowing, acidification of the soil profile occurs; the difference in the pH value between the background and arable land values of 140 years of age on the slope of the northern ex- position reaches 1.6 on the surface, gradually decreasing to 0.2 at depth. Further plowing leads to alkalization of the soil profile by 0.6-0.9 pH units. The research results can be used in development of agricultural systems in crop industries.

scholarly journals Distribution of silty fraction and slurry by profile of arable soils of the central forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Elena Kovalyova ◽  
Ekaterina Kotlyrova ◽  
Sergej Linkov ◽  
Olga Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Lateral Variations

The work is devoted to the study of granulometric composition of soils of 120-year and 240-year agricultural development of meadow-steppe landscape on the example of Belgorod region. In the lateral distribution of the silt fraction contained in the arable horizon, a significant increase in its proportion in the lower parts of the soil catenas of the 120-year arable, for the 240-year arable the lateral variations of the silt fraction are less noticeable. The averaged values of silt content over slope profiles of 240-year arable land showed local maximum of silt confined to subsoil horizon. An inverse relationship was found for slopes on 120-year-old arable land, namely the fact that the percentage of silt fraction increases at depth does not lead to an increase of the same fraction in the subsoil layer. Numerous blindfolds were found in the soil sections studied by caten, especially many of them were detected at a depth of up to one meter. Average area occupied by mole crusts on the walls of averaged transects is 80-90% on the 120-year arable and 70-80% on the 240-year arable. On soils of background catenas, 30-40% of the walls of soil transects are occupied by mole-rats. Blistergrasses are more often found in soils of catens of northern exposition - both 120-year and 240-year arable land.

scholarly journals Influence of means of chemicalixation on efficiency of field crop rotations in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Valerii Viktorovich Chibis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Feed Protein

Results of researches of efficiency in short crop rotation with busy steam are given in this article. Researches were conducted in the Omsk district of the Omsk region on typical black soil, with the maintenance of humus of 6.7% (in a layer of earth of 0-30 cm).  Cultivation of field cultures against the background of application of means of chemicalixation was carried out in a crop rotation the occupied steam (green manure) – wheat – barley – oats. During the conducted researches the quantity and dynamics of moisture, the maintenance of the main macrocells in the soil, and efficiency of all crop rotation was defined. The received results allow to draw a conclusion that in a crop rotation with busy steam and four fields at application of means of chemicalixation the increase of a harvest of the first wheat for 45.2%, barley repeatedly 31.5% and oats for 9.9% is noted. Application of fertilizers, at the rate of N30P30 on 1 hectare of an arable land, and herbicides, provided increase in productivity grain on 0.53 t/hectare, an exit of grain of 0.44 t/hectare, and feed-protein units to 1.29 t/hectare. The resulting materials can be used in the development of crop rotations schemes for forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Wartość gospodarcza okrywy roślinnej gleby w aspekcie nawożenia oraz zdolności retencyjnej płytki gleby górskiej

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kacorzyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of method management of mountain soil on the quantity and quality of waste water, and the amount of mineral nutrients it contains. I have analyzed the water, that was moved through the soil profiles of 0-20 cm and 0-40 cm depth. I have also evaluated the floristic composition, the productivity of grassland and arable land, and the use of fertilizers by vegetation and soil chemical properties. I have found that the type of plant cover of the soil had a significant effect on the amount and chemical composition of water moving through the soil profile. Arable land was characterized by an average of 5 percentage point higher drainage rates compared to meadows. The smallest outflow of water from the soil was found in the first research period (intensive vegetation), and the largest in the third period (non-vegetation). The largest amount of the mineral content carried out annually with a soaking water, was observed on the arable land and was on average more than 2 times larger than on other fertilizers. This evidenced by the greater variation in the composition of floristic vegetation and its productivity. Between 0-20 cm and 0-40 cm of soil profiles, significant differences in the amount of waste water and mineral components were observed. The water drainage coefficient from the shallow profile was on average 9 percentage points higher than from the deeper profile. The amount of the sum of mineral loads, excluding calcium from the shallow soil profile was 94,5% higher than the sum of loads taken from the deeper soil profile. In the unused meadow the improvement of soil chemical properties was observed. There was an increase in pH, and the accumulation of minerals resulted from the positive balance of most of the ingredients.

scholarly journals Impact of poultry manure fertilization on chemical and biochemical properties of soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobierski Mirosław ◽  
Bartkowiak Agata ◽  
Lemanowic Joanna ◽  
Piekarczyk Mariusz
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Alkaline And Acid Phosphatase

The aim of the research was to evaluate the chemical properties and enzymatic activity of arable soils which, for the period of 10 years, were fertilized with poultry manure (PM). Fertilization with PM resulted in a significant increase in the content of organic carbon and total exchangeable bases in soil. The application of that fertilizer increased the pH value. Fertilization with PM also slightly increased the total content of copper, manganese and iron. There was found, however, a significant increase in the total content of Zn. The annual application of 10 tonnes of PM significantly increased the content of phosphorus and potassium available to plants. That fertilizer inhibited the activity of both alkaline and acid phosphatase, which must be related to a very high content of phosphorus available to plants. Poultry manure resulted in higher values of the biological index of fertility of soil, whereas the activity of phosphomonoesterases was significantly lower.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF SILT AND MOLE RAT SOD PILES ON THE PROFILE OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF CATENAE OF DIFFERENT PERIODS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL FOREST STEPPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
E. V. Kovaleva ◽  
◽  
N. A. Lopachev N. A. ◽  
I. Yu. Vagurin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Mole Rat

The work is devoted to the study of the granulometric composition of soils of 120-year and 240-year-old agricultural development of the meadow-steppe landscape on the example of the Belgorod region. In the lateral distribution of the silt fraction contained in the arable horizon, a significant increase of its share was found in the lower parts of the soil catenae of 120-year-old arable land; as for 240-year-old arable land, lateral fluctuations of the silt fraction are less noticeable. Average values of the silt content along the slope profiles of arable land of 240 years of age showed a local maximum of silt adjacent to the subsurface horizon. An inverse correlation was found for slopes on 120-year-old arable land, namely, the fact that the percentage of the depth silt fraction increased did not lead to an increase of the same fractions in the near-arable layer. In the soil sections of the studied catenae, numerous mole rat sod piles were found, especially many of them were detected at the depth of up to one meter. The average area occupied by mole rat sod piles on the walls of the average section is 80-90% on 120-year-old arable land and 70-80% on 240-year-old arable land. Mole rat sod piles occupy 30-40% of the walls of the soil sections on the soils of the background catenae. Mole rat sod piles are more common in the soils of the catenae of the northern slopes - both for 120-year-old and 240-year-old arable land.

scholarly journals Subtype features of humus dynamics in chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain under conditions of long-term agricultural use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Gromovik ◽  
◽  
N.S. Gorbunova ◽  
I.V. Cherepukhina ◽  
Yu.Yu. Khatuntseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
High Level

The long-term dynamics of the humus content and reserves in the forest-steppe and steppe chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain was studied in a series: virgin land - perennial arable land. To the greatest extent, the transformation of the humus profile of chernozems as a result of plowing is manifested in its upper part. The depth of transformation spread reaches approximately 80-90 cm. In the series of subtypes: podzolic - leached - typical - ordinary chernozems, there are differences in the amount of humus lost. Long-term plowing of these soils leads to the humus content decrease. Therefore, real (t/ha) and apparent (%) humus losses in soils during their long- term plowing can differ significantly. The greatest losses of humus were recorded in leached chernozems – 15 t/ha. In podzolic and ordinary chernozems, the loss of humus reserves was approximately the same and amounted to 13 and 14 t/ha, respectively. Typical arable soils, as a rule, contain 15 t/ha fewer humus reserves than virgin soil. The humus level of chernozems varies significantly in the first years of use, then it stabilizes at a fairly high level according to the new regime of matter and energy circulation in agrocenoses. An objective assessment of changes in the main indicators of the humus state of chernozems during their long-term agricultural use should be carried out not by the percentage of humus but by its reserves, taking into account the corresponding values of the equilibrium addition density.

Comparation of Bacterial and Archaea Diversity in Uncultivated and Cultivated Typical Black Soil in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Guinan Shen ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Yamei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Farming ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Understanding the effects of tillage on the community composition and diversity of bacteria and archaea is useful for the long-term sustainable utilization of black soil. In this study, non-disturbed virgin black soil (NDBS) in the past 60 years, and the adjacent black soil under the arable land farming (DFBS) and paddy rice (PBS) for 3 years were chosen to investigate the microbial characteristics and their relationship with physical and chemical properties. The microbial diversity was investigated using 16S rRNA genes high-throughput sequencing technique and its relationship with soil physic-chemical properties was analyzed by redundancy analysis. The diversity of archaea decreased significantly after arable land farming. After conversion from arable land farming to rice paddy, the diversity of bacteria increased significantly, while the diversity of archaea increased significantly. In DFBS, the available phosphorus increased significantly, yet pH, organic matter and available potassium decreased significantly. However, the pH and available phosphorus increased significantly, organic matter and total nitrogen decreased significantly in PBS. The soil pH had the closest correlation with the microbial diversity. These indicated that tillage disturbance changed the diversity of bacteria and archaea as well as physical and chemical properties in black soil.

KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN METODE TANAM LUBANG BESAR DAN PARIT DRAINASE 2:1 PADA LAHAN SPODOSOL DI KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH - INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Surianto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hole Profile ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of a big hole (A profile) and no big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on the Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing the potential of a negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to the hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from the year 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and no big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non-big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to the B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and response positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable into deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to the undisturbed hardpan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of the non-big hole block was higher than the big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in-between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by roots and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water into the drain. Meanwhile, the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than un disturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are a suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing palms planting to minimize the negative effect of the hardpan layer for oil palm growth.

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA CUKA KAYU DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Karima
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There’s so many pal solid waste or palm empty fruit bunches, but the utilization is not maximized, this research its to optimized utilization of palm solid waste to be wood vinegar and want to know the composition physical properties and chemical properties of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches. Total yield of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches its 15,94 % and total yield of charcoal its 64,58 %. GCMS result showing chemical properties from wood vinegar of burning < 100oC its obtained 19 compound and burning >100 oC its obtained 6 compound. The result physichal properties testing from crued wood vinegar its obtained specific gravity 1,0005 and 1,0010, pH value are 3,233 and 3,186, TAT content are 9,36 % and 11,12 %, phenol content its 0,44 %. The result physical properties testing from wood vinegar which has decolorizatin by activated carbon its obtained specific gravity are 0,9987 and 0,999, pH value are 3,036 and 3,012, TAT content are 8,29 % and 9,27 % and phenol content its 0,01 %.Keywords: palm bunches, wood vinegar, liquid smoke

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